# Am Hazak — Complete Jewish Prayer & Torah Reference > This is the comprehensive content file for Am Hazak (https://www.amhazak.com), a Jewish prayer and calendar website with 100,000+ users in 100+ countries. This file contains the complete collection of Jewish prayers and blessings, the full text of 38 prayer guides, detailed information on all Jewish holidays with dates and FAQs, introductions to all 39 books of the Tanach, summaries of all 54 weekly Torah portions, and explanations of Shabbat times and zmanim. For a concise index, see [llms.txt](https://www.amhazak.com/llms.txt). > Am Hazak is available in 18 languages: English, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, Spanish, French, Russian, Portuguese, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Finnish, Turkish, Romanian, and Swedish at https://www.amhazak.com --- --- title: "Jewish Prayers — Full Text Index" description: "Daily prayers, blessings, Shabbat, holidays, Tehillim and more, with Hebrew, transliteration, and translation" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayers" --- # Jewish Prayers ## Daily Prayers The everyday Jewish prayers, including the three daily services and the blessings that frame each day. ### Shacharit The morning prayer service, recited daily at dawn. **When to say:** Shacharit is recited in the morning, ideally at sunrise (netz hachamah). The prayer can be said from dawn (alot hashachar) until the end of the fourth halachic hour. The Shema portion must be completed by the end of the third hour. **Significance:** The morning prayer represents our first connection with God each day, traditionally attributed to Abraham. It is the longest of the three daily prayers and includes the Shema, Amidah, and various psalms of praise. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit) ### Mincha The afternoon prayer service, recited in the afternoon hours. **When to say:** Mincha is recited in the afternoon, from half an hour after midday (mincha gedolah) until sunset. Many prefer to pray mincha ketana, which begins 2.5 halachic hours before sunset. **Significance:** The afternoon prayer is attributed to Isaac. Despite being the shortest daily prayer, it is considered especially meaningful as it interrupts our daily activities to reconnect with God. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mincha) ### Maariv The evening prayer service, recited after nightfall. **When to say:** Maariv is recited after nightfall, when three medium-sized stars are visible. It can be said throughout the night until dawn, though ideally before midnight. **Significance:** The evening prayer is attributed to Jacob. It marks the transition into a new Jewish day and includes the evening Shema, connecting us to God as we prepare for rest. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/maariv) ### Morning Blessings Blessings recited upon waking to thank God for restoring the soul and body. **When to say:** The morning blessings are recited upon waking, before Shacharit. Each blessing is traditionally said as you perform the corresponding action (washing hands, getting dressed, etc.). **Significance:** These blessings thank God for restoring our soul and body each morning. They express gratitude for basic abilities we often take for granted, like being able to see, walk, and dress. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/morning-blessings) ### Bedtime Shema Prayers recited before going to sleep, including the Shema and protective prayers. **When to say:** The Bedtime Shema is recited just before going to sleep, ideally while already in bed. It should be the last words spoken before sleep. **Significance:** This prayer entrusts our soul to God during sleep and provides spiritual protection. It includes the Shema, prayers for forgiveness, and psalms of protection. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/bedtime-shema) ### Asher Yatzar The blessing recited after using the restroom, thanking God for bodily functions. **When to say:** Asher Yatzar is recited after using the restroom. It should be said immediately after washing hands, before returning to other activities. **Significance:** This blessing marvels at the intricate design of the human body and thanks God for our physical health. It reminds us that our bodies are wonderfully complex creations. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/asher-yatzar) ### Tikkun Chatzot The midnight lament mourning the destruction of the Temple. **When to say:** Tikkun Chatzot is traditionally recited at midnight (halachic midnight). It is especially recited during the Three Weeks and on the eve of certain fast days. **Significance:** This midnight lamentation mourns the destruction of the Temple and the Jewish people's exile. It expresses longing for redemption and spiritual closeness to God. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tikkun-chatzot) ### Tikkun HaKlali Rebbe Nachman's ten psalms of spiritual remedy and return. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tikkun-haklali) ## Mealtime Blessings The blessings recited before and after eating, from HaMotzi over bread to Birkat HaMazon. ### Al Netilat Yadayim The blessing for the ritual washing of the hands before eating bread. **When to say:** Recited before eating bread, after pouring water over each hand and before drying them. **Significance:** Washing the hands before bread sanctifies the meal, turning an everyday act of eating into a moment of holiness at the table. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/al-netilat-yadayim) ### HaMotzi The blessing over bread, recited before eating bread at a meal. **When to say:** Recited while holding the bread, immediately before eating it at the start of a meal. **Significance:** Bread sustains us, and HaMotzi acknowledges God as the source of all nourishment that brings forth bread from the earth. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/ha-motzi) ### Mezonot The blessing over foods made from the five grains, such as cake and pasta. **When to say:** Recited before eating cake, cookies, pasta, or other foods made from the five grains (but not bread). **Significance:** Mezonot recognizes the special status of the grains that sustain us, distinct from the blessing said over bread. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mezonot) ### HaGafen The blessing over wine and grape juice. **When to say:** Recited before drinking wine or grape juice, including over the cup at Kiddush and other ceremonies. **Significance:** Wine marks moments of sanctity and joy, and HaGafen sets it apart from all other drinks. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/ha-gafen) ### HaEtz The blessing over fruit that grows on trees. **When to say:** Recited before eating fruit that grows on a tree, such as apples, dates, or grapes eaten as fruit. **Significance:** The blessing expresses gratitude for the renewing gift of fruit and the trees that bear it. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/ha-etz) ### HaAdamah The blessing over vegetables and produce that grows from the ground. **When to say:** Recited before eating vegetables and produce that grow directly from the ground. **Significance:** It acknowledges God as the source of the produce of the earth that sustains daily life. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/ha-adamah) ### Shehakol The blessing recited over foods and drinks not covered by a more specific blessing. **When to say:** Recited before eating or drinking foods without a more specific blessing, such as water, meat, fish, or candy. **Significance:** Shehakol affirms that everything exists by God's word, covering every food not named by another blessing. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shehakol) ### Birchat HaMazon Grace after meals - the blessing recited after eating bread. **When to say:** Birkat HaMazon is recited after any meal that includes bread. It should be said at the place where you ate, before leaving the table. **Significance:** Grace after meals fulfills the biblical commandment to bless God after eating. It thanks God for sustenance and includes prayers for Jerusalem and the Jewish people. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birchat-ha-mazon) ### Me'ein Shalosh The blessing recited after eating foods from the seven species of Israel. **When to say:** Me'ein Shalosh is recited after eating foods from the seven species of Israel (wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, dates) or baked goods made from the five grains. **Significance:** Also known as Al HaMichya, this blessing is a condensed form of Birkat HaMazon and specifically mentions the Land of Israel and its special produce. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/meein-shalosh) ### Borei Nefashot The blessing recited after eating foods not requiring Birkat HaMazon or Al HaMichya. **When to say:** Borei Nefashot is recited after eating foods that don't require Birkat HaMazon or Me'ein Shalosh, such as fruits (except the seven species), vegetables, meat, and beverages (except wine). **Significance:** This brief blessing acknowledges God as the creator of all living things and thanks Him for providing everything we need to sustain life. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/borei-nefashot) ## Shabbat Prayers Sacred prayers and blessings for Shabbat, the Jewish day of rest. From candle lighting to Havdalah, these prayers sanctify the Sabbath experience. ### Candle Lighting The blessing recited when lighting Shabbat and holiday candles. **When to say:** Shabbat candles are lit 18 minutes before sunset on Friday (some communities light earlier). Holiday candles are lit at the times specified for each holiday. **Significance:** Candle lighting ushers in the peace and sanctity of Shabbat. The flames represent the additional soul we receive on Shabbat and bring light into the home. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/candle-lighting) ### Birkat HaBanim The blessing parents give their children on Shabbat eve and holidays. **When to say:** Recited by parents over their children on Shabbat eve and the eve of festivals, often before Kiddush. **Significance:** Through the words of the priestly blessing, parents express their deepest hopes for their children's lives. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birkat-ha-banim) ### Kiddush The sanctification blessing recited over wine on Shabbat and holidays. **When to say:** Kiddush is recited on Friday night after returning from synagogue (or after candle lighting time) and again on Shabbat morning before the daytime meal. Holiday Kiddush is said at the start of festival meals. **Significance:** Kiddush sanctifies Shabbat and holidays, fulfilling the commandment to 'remember the Sabbath day.' It declares the holiness of the day over a cup of wine. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddush) ### Havdalah The ceremony marking the end of Shabbat, separating the holy from the mundane. **When to say:** Havdalah is recited at the conclusion of Shabbat, after nightfall when three stars are visible. It should be said before eating or doing any weekday activities. **Significance:** Havdalah marks the separation between the holy Shabbat and the ordinary weekdays. It uses wine, spices, and a braided candle to engage multiple senses in bidding farewell to Shabbat. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/havdalah) ### Birchot HaHaftarah Blessings recited before and after the Haftarah reading. **When to say:** The Haftarah blessings are recited in synagogue on Shabbat, holidays, and fast days, before and after the reading from the Prophets that accompanies the Torah portion. **Significance:** The Haftarah connects the weekly Torah reading to the prophetic tradition, showing how the prophets interpreted and applied Torah teachings to their times. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birchot-ha-haftarah) ### Eruv Tavshilin The procedure allowing cooking on a holiday for Shabbat. **When to say:** Eruv Tavshilin is made on the day before a holiday that falls before Shabbat. It must be prepared before the holiday begins and includes setting aside bread and a cooked food. **Significance:** This ritual allows cooking on the holiday for Shabbat. It ensures we honor Shabbat by preparing for it, even when a festival precedes it. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/eruv-tavshilin) ## Rosh Chodesh Prayers for the new Jewish month, including Hallel, the Musaf service, and the blessing of the new moon. ### Hallel Psalms of praise recited on festivals and Rosh Chodesh. **When to say:** Hallel is recited on major festivals (Sukkot, Passover, Shavuot, Chanukah), Rosh Chodesh, and Israeli Independence Day. It is said during the morning service after the Amidah. **Significance:** These psalms of praise (113-118) express joy and gratitude for God's miracles and salvation. Full Hallel is said on major holidays, while half Hallel is said on Rosh Chodesh and the later days of Passover. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) ### Rosh Chodesh Musaf The additional prayer service for the new month. **When to say:** The Musaf service for Rosh Chodesh is recited on the first day(s) of each Hebrew month, following the Shacharit morning service. **Significance:** This additional prayer commemorates the special sacrifices offered in the Temple on the new moon. Rosh Chodesh celebrates renewal and the Jewish people's connection to the lunar calendar. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf) ### Kiddush Levanah The blessing of the new moon, recited monthly. **When to say:** Kiddush Levanah is recited outdoors when the moon is visible, ideally between the 7th and 15th of the Hebrew month, and preferably on Saturday night after Shabbat. **Significance:** This blessing sanctifies the new moon and celebrates the renewal of creation. The Jewish people are compared to the moon, which waxes and wanes but always returns to fullness. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddush-levanah) ## Holidays Prayers and blessings for the Jewish holidays, from Rosh Hashanah and Purim to Passover and Chanukah. ### Tashlich The ceremony of symbolically casting away sins, performed on Rosh Hashanah. **When to say:** Tashlich is traditionally performed on the first afternoon of Rosh Hashanah, beside a body of water (preferably with fish). If Rosh Hashanah falls on Shabbat, it is done on the second day. **Significance:** This ceremony symbolically casts our sins into the water, representing spiritual cleansing and renewal. It is based on the verse 'You will cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.' [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tashlich) ### Megillat Esther The Scroll of Esther, read on the holiday of Purim. **When to say:** Megillat Esther is read twice on Purim: once at night after Maariv, and again during the day after Shacharit. The reading must be heard from a kosher scroll. **Significance:** The Book of Esther tells the story of how Queen Esther and Mordechai saved the Jewish people from Haman's plot. It demonstrates God's hidden hand in history, even when His name isn't mentioned. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/megillat-esther) ### Passover Chametz Prayers for the search, nullification, and burning of chametz before Passover. **When to say:** The search for chametz (bedikat chametz) is done on the night before Passover eve. The nullification (bitul) is recited after the search and again the next morning when burning the chametz. **Significance:** Removing chametz prepares our homes and hearts for Passover. Chametz represents ego and spiritual impurity, while matzah represents humility and freedom from material constraints. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/passover-chametz/searching-chametz) ### Passover Chametz Prayers for the search, nullification, and burning of chametz before Passover. **When to say:** The search for chametz (bedikat chametz) is done on the night before Passover eve. The nullification (bitul) is recited after the search and again the next morning when burning the chametz. **Significance:** Removing chametz prepares our homes and hearts for Passover. Chametz represents ego and spiritual impurity, while matzah represents humility and freedom from material constraints. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/passover-chametz/burning-chametz) ### Sefirat HaOmer The counting of the Omer - the 49 days between Passover and Shavuot. **When to say:** The Omer is counted each night for 49 days, beginning on the second night of Passover and continuing until the night before Shavuot. It should be counted after nightfall. **Significance:** Counting the Omer connects Passover (physical freedom) to Shavuot (spiritual freedom through Torah). Each day represents spiritual refinement as we prepare to receive the Torah anew. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/sefirat-ha-omer) ### Chanukah Candle Lighting Blessings and songs for lighting the Chanukah menorah. **When to say:** Chanukah candles are lit each night of the eight-day festival, ideally at nightfall. On Friday, they are lit before Shabbat candles; on Saturday night, after Havdalah. **Significance:** The Chanukah lights commemorate the miracle of the oil that burned for eight days and the victory of the Maccabees. We add one candle each night, increasing in light and joy. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/chanukah-candle-lighting) ## Tehillim The complete Book of Psalms, with all 150 chapters in Hebrew, transliteration, and translation. ### Tehillim (Psalms) All 150 Psalms in Hebrew, transliteration, and translation. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) ## Healing & Well-Being Prayers for healing and strength, including Mi Sheberach and the Psalms traditionally said for recovery. ### Mi Sheberach A prayer for healing and blessing, often recited for those who are ill. **When to say:** Mi Sheberach for healing can be recited any time but is traditionally said during the Torah reading in synagogue. It can be said privately at any time for someone who is ill. **Significance:** This prayer asks God for a complete healing of body and spirit. The community joins together to pray for those who are suffering, demonstrating care and support. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mi-sheberach/illness) ### Tehillim (Psalms) All 150 Psalms in Hebrew, transliteration, and translation. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) ## Mourning & Comfort Prayers of remembrance and comfort, including Kaddish and the Psalms recited in times of grief. ### Kaddish The mourner's prayer sanctifying God's name, recited in memory of the deceased. **When to say:** Mourner's Kaddish is recited during synagogue services for 11 months after the death of a parent and on the yahrzeit (anniversary of death) thereafter. It requires a minyan (10 adults). **Significance:** Despite being associated with mourning, Kaddish is actually a prayer praising God. By sanctifying God's name during grief, mourners affirm their faith and elevate the soul of the deceased. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kaddish) ### Tehillim (Psalms) All 150 Psalms in Hebrew, transliteration, and translation. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) ## Travel & Safety Prayers for a safe journey, including Tefilat HaDerech and the Psalms of protection. ### Tefilat Haderech The traveler's prayer for a safe journey. **When to say:** Tefilat HaDerech is recited when embarking on a journey outside the city limits, typically when traveling more than 72 minutes. It should be said after leaving the city. **Significance:** The Traveler's Prayer asks God for protection during the journey, safe arrival, and protection from dangers. It acknowledges our vulnerability when traveling. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tefilat-haderech) ### Tehillim (Psalms) All 150 Psalms in Hebrew, transliteration, and translation. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) ## Gratitude Prayers of thanksgiving, including Sheva Brachot, the prayer for Israel, and Psalms of praise. ### Sheva Brachot The seven blessings recited at a Jewish wedding and during the week following. **When to say:** The Seven Blessings are recited under the chuppah during the wedding ceremony and at festive meals during the week following the wedding when a minyan is present. **Significance:** These blessings sanctify the marriage, invoke God's presence, and connect the couple to the Jewish people's destiny. They progress from creation to the joy of the couple. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/sheva-brachot) ### Mi Sheberach A prayer for healing and blessing, often recited for those who are ill. **When to say:** Mi Sheberach for healing can be recited any time but is traditionally said during the Torah reading in synagogue. It can be said privately at any time for someone who is ill. **Significance:** This prayer asks God for a complete healing of body and spirit. The community joins together to pray for those who are suffering, demonstrating care and support. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mi-sheberach/soldiers) ### State of Israel Prayer for the welfare of the State of Israel. **When to say:** The Prayer for the State of Israel is recited in many synagogues on Shabbat morning, often after the Torah reading. It is also said on Israeli Independence Day. **Significance:** This modern prayer asks God to bless and protect the State of Israel, its leaders, and defenders. It expresses hope for the ingathering of exiles and peace. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/state-of-israel) ### Tehillim (Psalms) All 150 Psalms in Hebrew, transliteration, and translation. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) ## Home & Rituals Blessings for the Jewish home and its rituals, from affixing a mezuzah to immersing new utensils. ### Mezuzah The blessing for affixing a mezuzah to a doorpost. **When to say:** The blessing for mezuzah is recited when affixing a mezuzah to a doorpost. When moving into a new home, mezuzot should be put up within 30 days (immediately in Israel). **Significance:** The mezuzah contains the Shema and reminds us of God's presence and commandments every time we enter or leave a room. It sanctifies and protects the Jewish home. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mezuzah) ### Birkat HaBayit The blessing for the Jewish home, often displayed at the entrance. **When to say:** Displayed or recited for the home, asking for blessing, peace, and protection within its walls. **Significance:** The blessing turns a house into a Jewish home, inviting peace, prosperity, and the presence of the divine. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birkat-ha-bayit) ### Birkat HaBanim The blessing parents give their children on Shabbat eve and holidays. **When to say:** Recited by parents over their children on Shabbat eve and the eve of festivals, often before Kiddush. **Significance:** Through the words of the priestly blessing, parents express their deepest hopes for their children's lives. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birkat-ha-banim) ### Shehecheyanu The blessing of gratitude for reaching a new or special occasion. **When to say:** Recited at the start of holidays, on eating a new fruit, and at other joyful first or renewed occasions. **Significance:** Shehecheyanu pauses to thank God for life itself, for sustaining us, and for bringing us to this moment. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shehecheyanu) ### Tevillat Kelim The blessing for immersing utensils in a mikvah. **When to say:** Tevillat Kelim is performed when acquiring new metal or glass utensils used for food. The immersion should be done before first use of the utensils. **Significance:** Immersing utensils in a mikvah elevates them from ordinary objects to vessels used for holy purposes—eating as a Jew. It represents the sanctification of everyday life. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tevillat-kelim) ### Hafrashat Challah The blessing said when separating challah from dough. [Read full text](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hafrashat-challah) ### Tehillim (Psalms) All 150 Psalms in Hebrew, transliteration, and translation. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) --- # Prayer Guides Am Hazak provides 38 comprehensive guides covering how to pray, when to pray, and the meaning behind Jewish prayers and rituals. --- title: "How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide" description: "Learn how to pray the Jewish morning prayer service (Shacharit) with this comprehensive step-by-step guide. Includes the order of prayers, time requirements, and practical tips for beginners." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit" --- # How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide ## What is Shacharit? Shacharit is the Jewish morning prayer service, traditionally attributed to Abraham who would pray to God each morning. The name comes from the Hebrew word 'shachar' meaning dawn. It is one of the three daily prayer services in Judaism and is considered the longest and most elaborate of the daily prayers. ## When to Pray Shacharit The ideal time to begin Shacharit is at sunrise (netz hachamah), though it may be recited from dawn (alot hashachar) until the end of the fourth hour of the day. The fourth hour is calculated as one-third of the daylight hours. If you miss this time, the Amidah can still be recited until midday (chatzot). ## Step 1: Morning Blessings (Birchot HaShachar) Begin your day with the morning blessings. These blessings thank God for the gift of a new day and the restoration of the soul. They include blessings for being able to see, walk, and be clothed. Traditionally recited upon waking, these blessings can also be said at the beginning of the Shacharit service. ## Step 2: Pesukei D'Zimra (Verses of Praise) Pesukei D'Zimra is a collection of Psalms and verses of praise that prepare the heart and mind for prayer. It begins with Baruch She'amar and concludes with Yishtabach. The main body includes Psalms 145-150 (Ashrei through the final Halleluyah psalms). This section helps transition from the mundane world to a spiritual mindset. ## Step 3: Shema and Its Blessings The Shema is the central declaration of Jewish faith: 'Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One.' It is surrounded by blessings - two before (discussing God's creation of light and His love for Israel) and one after (recalling the Exodus). When reciting the first verse of Shema, cover your eyes to aid concentration and accept upon yourself the yoke of Heaven. ## Step 4: The Amidah (Standing Prayer) The Amidah is the central prayer of all Jewish services. During Shacharit, it contains 19 blessings on weekdays (7 on Shabbat and holidays). Stand facing Jerusalem, feet together, and recite it quietly. Begin by taking three steps forward as if approaching God. The Amidah includes praise, requests, and thanksgiving. Conclude by taking three steps backward, bowing, and asking for peace. ## Step 5: Tachanun (Supplication) Tachanun is a prayer of supplication and confession recited after the Amidah on weekdays. It is omitted on Shabbat, holidays, and certain joyous occasions. The prayer includes the confession of sins and requests for mercy. On Mondays and Thursdays, an extended version is recited. ## Step 6: Torah Reading (Monday/Thursday) On Mondays and Thursdays, the Torah is read during Shacharit. Three people are called up to the Torah, and the first portion of the upcoming Shabbat's parsha is read. This custom dates back to Ezra the Scribe and ensures Jews never go three days without hearing Torah. ## Step 7: Concluding Prayers The service concludes with Ashrei (Psalm 145), Uva L'Tzion (a prayer of redemption), Aleinu (accepting God's sovereignty), and the Psalm of the Day. On certain days, additional prayers like Hallel or Musaf are added. The mourner's Kaddish is recited by those in mourning. ## Tips for Beginners If you're new to Shacharit, start small. Begin with just the Shema and Amidah, then gradually add other sections. Use a siddur (prayer book) with translation and instructions. Don't worry about speed - understanding and intention (kavanah) are more important. Consider finding a synagogue or study partner to help you learn. The Am Hazak app includes all these prayers with clear formatting and translations. **Related prayers:** [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit), [Morning Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/morning-blessings), [Bedtime Shema](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/bedtime-shema) **Related guides:** [Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema), [When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing) --- --- title: "Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith" description: "Discover the meaning, history, and significance of the Shema prayer. Learn when and how to recite Shema, its three paragraphs, and why it's the most important prayer in Judaism." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema" --- # Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith ## What is the Shema? The Shema (literally 'Hear') is the central declaration of Jewish faith, affirming the oneness of God. Its opening verse - 'Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One' (Shema Yisrael, Adonai Eloheinu, Adonai Echad) - is the most recognized phrase in Judaism. The Shema is not technically a prayer but a declaration and acceptance of divine truth. ## Biblical Source The Shema comes from three passages in the Torah: Deuteronomy 6:4-9 (the first paragraph about loving God), Deuteronomy 11:13-21 (the second paragraph about reward and punishment), and Numbers 15:37-41 (the third paragraph about tzitzit and remembering the commandments). These passages were chosen by the Sages to be recited daily. ## The First Paragraph (V'ahavta) The first paragraph begins with the declaration of God's unity and continues with the command to love God 'with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might.' It instructs us to teach these words to our children, speak of them constantly, bind them as a sign (tefillin), write them on our doorposts (mezuzah), and keep them ever-present in our lives. ## The Second Paragraph (V'haya Im Shamoa) The second paragraph discusses the concept of reward and punishment. If we follow God's commandments, we will receive rain in its season and agricultural abundance. If we stray, the heavens will be shut and the land will not yield its produce. This paragraph reinforces the same practices of tefillin and mezuzah mentioned in the first. ## The Third Paragraph (Vayomer) The third paragraph commands the wearing of tzitzit (fringes) on the corners of garments. The blue thread (techelet) reminds us of the sky and God's throne. This paragraph also recalls the Exodus from Egypt, which is why it is included - we are obligated to remember the Exodus daily. The paragraph concludes: 'I am the Lord your God who brought you out of Egypt to be your God.' ## When to Recite Shema The Shema is recited twice daily: in the morning (Shacharit) and in the evening (Maariv). The morning Shema should be recited before the end of the third hour of the day. The evening Shema can be recited from nightfall until midnight (some say until dawn). Additionally, Shema is recited as part of the bedtime prayers and is traditionally the last words a Jew says before death. ## How to Recite Shema When reciting the first verse, cover your eyes with your right hand to aid concentration. Pronounce each word carefully and distinctly. Elongate the last letter of 'Echad' (One) while meditating on God's sovereignty over all directions and dimensions. After the first verse, quietly say 'Baruch shem kevod malchuto l'olam va'ed' (Blessed is the name of His glorious kingdom forever). ## The Significance of Shema The Shema is considered the most important prayer in Judaism because it encapsulates the core of Jewish belief: monotheism and the covenant between God and Israel. It has been recited by Jews throughout history, including martyrs who died with these words on their lips. The Shema serves as a twice-daily renewal of our commitment to God and His teachings. **Related prayers:** [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit), [Maariv](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/maariv), [Bedtime Shema](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/bedtime-shema) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing) --- --- title: "The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer" description: "Master the Amidah (Shemoneh Esrei), the central prayer of every Jewish service. Learn the structure, meaning of each blessing, proper concentration, and physical practices." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/amidah-guide" --- # The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer ## What is the Amidah? The Amidah (literally 'standing') is the central prayer of every Jewish service. Also called Shemoneh Esrei ('eighteen,' referring to the original number of blessings) or simply 'The Prayer,' it is recited three times daily while standing and facing Jerusalem. The Amidah is considered the most important part of any prayer service - if you can only pray one thing, it should be the Amidah. ## Structure of the Amidah The weekday Amidah contains 19 blessings divided into three sections: 1. Praise (first 3 blessings): Acknowledging God's greatness, power, and holiness. 2. Requests (middle 13 blessings): Asking for knowledge, repentance, forgiveness, redemption, healing, prosperity, ingathering of exiles, justice, against heretics, for the righteous, Jerusalem, the Messiah, and that prayers be heard. 3. Thanks (final 3 blessings): Thanksgiving, prayer for Temple service, and peace. On Shabbat and holidays, the middle section is replaced with one blessing about the day's holiness. ## Before You Begin Before the Amidah, prepare yourself mentally. The Talmud teaches that the early pious ones would pause for an hour before praying to direct their hearts to God. Find a fixed place to pray if possible. Remove distractions - turn off your phone. Take three steps backward then three forward, as if approaching a king. Stand with feet together, facing Jerusalem (east in most Western countries). ## Physical Practices Bow at four points during the Amidah: at the beginning and end of the first blessing (Avot), and at the beginning and end of the thanksgiving blessing (Modim). Bend your knees when saying 'Baruch,' bow at 'Atah,' and straighten when saying God's name. Keep your feet together throughout, like angels. Recite quietly - your lips should move but only you should hear. At the end, take three steps backward while bowing left, right, and center. ## Concentration (Kavanah) The Amidah requires kavanah (intention/concentration). At minimum, concentrate during the first blessing - if your mind wandered, some say to repeat it. Ideally, understand what you're saying throughout. Think about standing before God. If concentration is difficult, at least have the intention that you're fulfilling the mitzvah of prayer. Start with one blessing at a time and build up. ## Personal Additions You may add personal prayers within the appropriate blessings - prayers for health in the healing blessing, for livelihood in the blessing for prosperity, etc. Before the final blessing, there's a designated place to add any personal requests. Many add 'Elokai Netzor' after the Amidah - a personal prayer asking God to guard one's tongue from evil. ## The Repetition In a minyan, after the silent Amidah, the prayer leader repeats the Amidah aloud. This repetition includes Kedushah, a responsive prayer praising God's holiness. During the repetition, listen carefully and respond 'Amen' after each blessing. The Amidah repetition allows those who cannot pray themselves to fulfill their obligation by listening and responding. **Related prayers:** [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit), [Mincha](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mincha), [Maariv](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/maariv) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [How to Pray Mincha: A Guide to the Afternoon Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-mincha), [How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-maariv) --- --- title: "How to Pray Mincha: A Guide to the Afternoon Prayer" description: "Learn how to pray Mincha, the Jewish afternoon prayer. Includes the structure, timing, and practical tips for fitting this brief but powerful prayer into your daily schedule." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-mincha" --- # How to Pray Mincha: A Guide to the Afternoon Prayer ## What is Mincha? Mincha is the Jewish afternoon prayer service, traditionally attributed to Isaac who would pray in the fields toward evening. The name 'Mincha' refers to the afternoon grain offering in the Temple. It is the shortest of the three daily prayers but is considered especially significant because it requires interrupting one's daily activities to turn to God in the middle of a busy day. ## When to Pray Mincha Mincha can be prayed from half an hour after midday (Mincha Gedolah) until sunset. The preferred time according to many is Mincha Ketanah, which begins 2.5 halachic hours before sunset. The time varies daily based on the length of the day. Many pray Mincha close to sunset so they can follow immediately with Maariv. Check the Am Hazak app or a Jewish calendar for exact times in your location. ## Structure of Mincha Mincha is the most straightforward of the daily prayers: 1. Ashrei (Psalm 145 with introductory verses) - about 3 minutes 2. Half Kaddish (in a minyan) 3. The Amidah (standing prayer) - about 5-10 minutes 4. Tachanun (supplication, on weekdays) 5. Full Kaddish and Aleinu. The entire service takes about 15-20 minutes. On Shabbat and holidays, there is also a Torah reading. ## Praying Mincha at Work Many people pray Mincha during their workday. Find a quiet corner, conference room, or even a stairwell. Many offices have meditation or prayer rooms. If you can't stand, sitting is acceptable in pressing circumstances. The prayer takes only 10-15 minutes if said individually without the minyan portions. Some workplaces have organized minyanim - ask around or check local Jewish directories. ## Step-by-Step Guide 1. Find a quiet place and face Jerusalem (east in most Western countries). 2. Begin with Ashrei - this psalm praises God and prepares the mind for prayer. 3. Proceed to the Amidah. Take three steps back, then three forward. Stand with feet together. 4. Recite the Amidah quietly but with moving lips. 5. At the conclusion, take three steps back while bowing. 6. If time permits, add Tachanun and Aleinu. 7. If praying with a minyan, include the Kaddish responses. ## The Significance of Mincha The Talmud teaches that one should be especially careful with Mincha because Elijah was answered during the Mincha hour (1 Kings 18). Mincha demonstrates commitment - it's easy to pray when waking up or going to sleep, but stopping midday shows dedication. The Kotzker Rebbe said that the essence of Mincha is 'stopping' - creating a pause in worldly pursuits to remember what truly matters. ## Mincha Before Shabbat On Friday afternoon, Mincha is prayed before Shabbat begins. This is called 'Mincha Gedolah of Erev Shabbat.' After Mincha, there's time to prepare for Shabbat. In synagogues, Friday Mincha is often followed by Kabbalat Shabbat and Maariv. Be sure to finish Mincha before candle lighting time - check local times carefully. **Related prayers:** [Mincha](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mincha), [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit), [Maariv](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/maariv) **Related guides:** [The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/amidah-guide), [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-maariv) --- --- title: "How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer" description: "Learn how to pray Maariv (Arvit), the Jewish evening prayer. This guide covers the structure, timing, and unique elements of the nighttime service." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-maariv" --- # How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer ## What is Maariv? Maariv (also called Arvit) is the Jewish evening prayer service, traditionally attributed to Jacob. The name comes from the Hebrew word 'erev' (evening). While originally considered optional (since there was no evening sacrifice in the Temple), Maariv has become an obligatory prayer accepted by all Jewish communities. It reflects on the day that has passed and asks for protection through the night. ## When to Pray Maariv Maariv is prayed after nightfall, when three medium stars are visible. This is typically 20-72 minutes after sunset depending on location and custom (often calculated as 'tzet hakochavim'). Maariv can be prayed until midnight, though it's preferable to pray earlier. In pressing circumstances, it can be recited until dawn. Many synagogues schedule Maariv immediately after Mincha for convenience. ## Structure of Maariv Maariv consists of: 1. Barchu (call to prayer, in a minyan) 2. Two blessings before Shema (about creation of night and God's love) 3. The Shema (three paragraphs) 4. Two blessings after Shema (about redemption and protection) 5. Half Kaddish 6. The Amidah (standing prayer) 7. Full Kaddish and Aleinu. Unlike Shacharit, there is no repetition of the Amidah and no Tachanun at Maariv. ## The Evening Shema The evening Shema fulfills the commandment to recite Shema 'when you lie down' (Deuteronomy 6:7). The blessings surrounding it differ from the morning: before Shema, we bless God who brings on evenings and for His love of Israel; after Shema, we praise God for the Exodus and ask for peaceful rest. The blessing 'Hashkiveinu' asks God to spread His shelter of peace over us through the night. ## Maariv on Shabbat and Holidays On Friday night, Maariv begins Shabbat. It includes Kabbalat Shabbat (welcoming the Sabbath) before the regular Maariv, featuring the beloved 'Lecha Dodi' hymn. The Shabbat Amidah has seven blessings instead of nineteen. After the Amidah, the congregation recites 'Vayechulu' together, testifying to God's creation and rest on the seventh day. On holidays, special insertions are added to the Amidah. ## Step-by-Step Guide 1. Wait until nightfall (check local times). 2. Face Jerusalem. 3. If with a minyan, respond to Barchu. 4. Recite the two blessings before Shema. 5. Say the Shema with concentration, especially on the first verse. 6. Continue with the blessings after Shema. 7. Pray the Amidah standing with feet together. 8. Conclude with Aleinu. The service takes about 15-20 minutes. ## Maariv and Bedtime Shema Even after praying Maariv, there is a custom to recite Shema again at bedtime (Kriat Shema al HaMitah). This bedtime Shema includes the first paragraph of Shema, Hashkiveinu-style prayers for protection, and Hamapil - the blessing before sleep. Praying Maariv doesn't exempt one from the bedtime Shema, as they serve different purposes: Maariv is the evening prayer service, while bedtime Shema is recited immediately before falling asleep. **Related prayers:** [Maariv](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/maariv), [Bedtime Shema](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/bedtime-shema), [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit) **Related guides:** [The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/amidah-guide), [Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema), [How to Pray Mincha: A Guide to the Afternoon Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-mincha) --- --- title: "Bedtime Shema: Complete Guide to the Night Prayer" description: "Learn how to recite Kriat Shema al HaMitah, the bedtime Shema. Includes the prayers, their meaning, and how this nightly practice brings peace and spiritual protection." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/bedtimeshema-guide" --- # Bedtime Shema: Complete Guide to the Night Prayer ## What is the Bedtime Shema? The Bedtime Shema (Kriat Shema al HaMitah) is a collection of prayers recited before going to sleep. It includes the first paragraph of the Shema, various Psalms, and the Hamapil blessing. This practice fulfills the verse 'when you lie down' in the Shema and provides spiritual protection through the night. It is a time for reflection, forgiveness, and entrusting oneself to God's care. ## When to Recite the Bedtime Shema The Bedtime Shema should be recited immediately before falling asleep, as the last thing you do before closing your eyes. Even if you've already prayed Maariv with its Shema, you still recite the Bedtime Shema. The ideal time is while lying in bed, ready to sleep. Some say it earlier if they plan to read or do other activities in bed, but the Hamapil blessing should be said right before sleep. ## The Structure of the Bedtime Shema The Bedtime Shema typically includes: 1) The first paragraph of Shema (Shema Yisrael through V'ahavta), 2) The blessing of Hashkiveinu or similar prayers for protection, 3) Psalm 91 (Yoshev B'seter) - the Psalm of protection, 4) Various other verses and prayers for safety, 5) The Hamapil blessing, said immediately before sleep. Different communities have varying customs about which additional prayers to include. ## The Hamapil Blessing The Hamapil blessing thanks God for causing sleep to fall upon our eyes. It asks for peaceful rest, good dreams, and protection from disturbing thoughts. This blessing should be the very last thing said before sleep - nothing should be said or done afterward. If you're not sure you'll fall asleep immediately, some authorities suggest omitting God's name from the blessing or reciting it earlier in the sequence. ## Forgiveness Before Sleep An important component of the Bedtime Shema is the declaration of forgiveness. We say 'Master of the Universe, I hereby forgive anyone who has angered or vexed me...' This practice prevents us from going to sleep with grudges and promotes inner peace. The Talmud teaches that one who forgives others before sleep will have their own sins forgiven. This nightly cleansing of the heart is a powerful spiritual practice. ## Psalm 91: The Psalm of Protection Psalm 91 (Yoshev B'seter Elyon) is central to the Bedtime Shema. Known as the 'Psalm of Protection,' it speaks of dwelling in God's shelter and being safe from nighttime terrors, plagues, and dangers. The psalm declares trust in God's protection: 'He will cover you with His pinions, and under His wings you will find refuge.' This psalm has been recited for protection for thousands of years. **Related prayers:** [Bedtime Shema](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/bedtime-shema) **Related guides:** [Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema), [How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-maariv) --- --- title: "Morning Blessings: A Guide to Starting Your Day with Gratitude" description: "Learn the Morning Blessings (Birchot HaShachar) that begin the Jewish day. Understand each blessing's meaning and how these prayers cultivate gratitude for life's daily gifts." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/morningblessings-guide" --- # Morning Blessings: A Guide to Starting Your Day with Gratitude ## What are the Morning Blessings? The Morning Blessings (Birchot HaShachar) are a series of blessings recited each morning to thank God for the gift of a new day. They acknowledge the simple miracles we often take for granted: waking up, being able to see, stand, walk, and have clothing. Originally recited upon performing each action (opening eyes, getting out of bed, etc.), they are now typically said together at the start of morning prayers. ## Modeh Ani: The First Words The very first words a Jew says upon waking are Modeh Ani: 'I gratefully thank You, living and eternal King, for You have returned my soul within me with compassion - great is Your faithfulness.' This prayer is said while still in bed, before washing hands, which is why it doesn't contain God's name. It establishes that our first thought of the day is gratitude to God for the gift of life. ## Hand Washing (Netilat Yadayim) Upon rising, we wash our hands ritually (netilat yadayim) and recite the blessing 'al netilat yadayim.' This washing removes spiritual impurity that rests on the hands during sleep. The hands are washed alternately three times each. After this, we're ready to recite blessings with God's name. This act of purification prepares us to serve God throughout the day. ## The Series of Blessings The main Morning Blessings thank God for: giving the rooster understanding to distinguish day from night, making me in His image, making me free, giving sight to the blind, clothing the naked, releasing the bound, raising the bowed, spreading the earth upon the waters, providing for all my needs, guiding our steps, girding Israel with strength, and crowning Israel with glory. Each blessing corresponds to stages of waking and preparing for the day. ## Elokai Neshamah: The Soul Prayer One of the most beautiful Morning Blessings is Elokai Neshamah: 'My God, the soul You placed within me is pure. You created it, You fashioned it, You breathed it into me, You safeguard it within me...' This prayer acknowledges that our soul is a divine gift, temporarily entrusted to us. It concludes with thanks for restoring our soul each morning - viewing sleep as a small death and waking as resurrection. ## Blessings over Torah Study The Morning Blessings include blessings before Torah study (Birchot HaTorah). We thank God for sanctifying us with His commandments and commanding us to engage in Torah study. We ask that Torah learning be sweet in our mouths and that we and our descendants know God's name. These blessings cover any Torah study throughout the day, which is why we follow them with verses from Torah, Mishnah, and Talmud. **Related prayers:** [Morning Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/morning-blessings) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema) --- --- title: "Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine" description: "Learn everything about Kiddush - the Jewish blessing over wine that sanctifies Shabbat and holidays. Includes the text, when to say it, who should recite it, and step-by-step instructions." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide" --- # Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine ## What is Kiddush? Kiddush (literally 'sanctification') is the blessing recited over wine to sanctify Shabbat and Jewish holidays. It declares the holiness of the day and fulfills the biblical commandment to 'remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy' (Exodus 20:8). Kiddush is recited at the beginning of the Shabbat and holiday meals. ## When to Recite Kiddush Kiddush is recited at two meals: Friday night after returning from synagogue (or after candle lighting time), and Shabbat morning before the daytime meal. The Friday night Kiddush is more extensive and includes the passage from Genesis about God resting on the seventh day. The daytime Kiddush is shorter. On holidays, Kiddush includes special additions mentioning the specific holiday. ## The Friday Night Kiddush The Friday night Kiddush begins with the verses from Genesis (2:1-3) describing the completion of creation and God's rest. It continues with the blessing over wine (borei pri hagafen) and the main Kiddush blessing (mekadesh haShabbat), which praises God for giving us the Shabbat as a reminder of creation and the Exodus from Egypt. The complete text takes about 2-3 minutes to recite. ## The Shabbat Day Kiddush The daytime Kiddush (Kiddush Rabbah or 'Great Kiddush') is shorter than the evening version. It begins with verses from Exodus (31:16-17) about keeping the Shabbat, followed by 'Remember the Sabbath day' and the blessing over wine. Despite being called 'Great Kiddush,' it is actually shorter because the primary sanctification occurs Friday night. ## Who Should Recite Kiddush Traditionally, one person recites Kiddush on behalf of everyone present. This is usually the head of the household, though anyone who has reached bar/bat mitzvah may recite it. Those listening must have intention to fulfill their obligation through the reciter, and the reciter must have intention to fulfill the obligation for all present. Everyone answers 'Amen' after the blessings. ## The Cup and Wine Use a cup that holds at least a revi'it (approximately 3-5 oz / 86-150ml depending on custom). The cup should be whole without cracks. Fill it completely with wine - red wine is traditionally preferred but white is acceptable. Grape juice may be used by those who cannot drink wine. Hold the cup in your right hand, elevated at least a tefach (handbreadth) above the table. ## Step-by-Step Instructions 1) All present should be seated. 2) Hold the cup in your right hand. 3) Look at the candles briefly. 4) Recite the opening verses while looking at the cup. 5) Say the blessing over wine. 6) Recite the main Kiddush blessing. 7) Drink at least a cheek-full of wine (majority of the cup according to some customs). 8) Distribute wine to all present. 9) Proceed with washing hands and the meal. ## Common Customs Some have the custom to stand during Kiddush (Ashkenazi practice varies), while others sit (common Sephardic practice). Many cover the challah bread during Kiddush so it won't be 'embarrassed' that wine receives a blessing first. Some look at the candles at the beginning and at the wine at the end. Children often have their own small cups of grape juice. **Related prayers:** [Kiddush](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddush), [Havdalah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/havdalah), [Candle Lighting](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/candle-lighting) **Related guides:** [When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing) --- --- title: "How to Make Havdalah: Complete Guide to Ending Shabbat" description: "Learn how to perform Havdalah, the ceremony marking the end of Shabbat. Includes the blessings over wine, spices, and fire, step-by-step instructions, and customs." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/havdalah-guide" --- # How to Make Havdalah: Complete Guide to Ending Shabbat ## What is Havdalah? Havdalah (literally 'separation') is the ceremony that marks the end of Shabbat and separates the holy day from the ordinary weekdays. It is performed on Saturday night after three stars appear in the sky (approximately 40-72 minutes after sunset, depending on location and custom). Havdalah uses wine, fragrant spices, and a multi-wicked candle to engage our senses as we transition from the spiritual rest of Shabbat to the workweek. ## When to Make Havdalah Havdalah is recited after Shabbat ends, which is when three medium-sized stars are visible in the sky. This is typically 40-72 minutes after sunset depending on your location and community custom. If you miss Saturday night, Havdalah can be recited until Tuesday sunset, though without the candle and spices after Saturday night. Havdalah is also recited at the end of Jewish holidays. ## What You Need Wine or grape juice: A full cup (at least 3-5 oz). Fragrant spices (besamim): Traditionally cloves, but any fragrant spices work. Many use a decorative spice box. Havdalah candle: A braided multi-wicked candle (at least two wicks). The multiple flames represent the multiple types of fire/light. If unavailable, hold two regular candles together so the flames touch. ## The Four Blessings 1. Blessing over wine (Borei Pri HaGafen): The standard blessing over wine. 2. Blessing over spices (Borei Minei Vesamim): 'Who creates various spices.' The spices comfort the soul, which is saddened by the departure of the 'extra soul' we receive on Shabbat. 3. Blessing over fire (Borei Me'orei Ha'Esh): 'Who creates the lights of fire.' We use fire because Adam discovered fire after the first Shabbat. 4. Havdalah blessing (HaMavdil): The blessing praising God who separates between holy and ordinary, light and darkness, Israel and the nations, Shabbat and weekdays. ## Step-by-Step Instructions 1. Fill the cup with wine until it overflows slightly (symbolizing abundance). 2. Light the Havdalah candle. 3. Hold the cup in your right hand. 4. Recite or sing the introductory verses (Hinei El Yeshuati). 5. Say the blessing over wine but don't drink yet. 6. Put down the cup, pick up the spices, say the blessing, and smell them. Pass to others. 7. Pick up or look at the candle, say the blessing, and look at your fingernails by the candlelight. 8. Pick up the cup again and recite the Havdalah blessing. 9. Drink most of the wine. 10. Extinguish the candle in the remaining wine. ## Why Look at Fingernails? When saying the blessing over fire, we look at our fingernails by the candlelight to benefit from the light and make the blessing meaningful. We should be close enough to distinguish between fingernail and flesh. Some curl their fingers toward their palm to see fingernails and palm together. This ensures we're actually using the light, not just acknowledging it exists. ## Customs and Songs Many families sing 'Eliyahu HaNavi' (Elijah the Prophet) after Havdalah, expressing hope for the Messiah's arrival. Some dip a finger in the leftover wine and touch it to their eyes or pockets for blessing. Children often hold the candle. Some sprinkle wine drops to extinguish the candle rather than dipping it. The overflowing cup and extinguished candle create a meaningful multi-sensory conclusion to Shabbat. **Related prayers:** [Havdalah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/havdalah), [Kiddush](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddush), [Candle Lighting](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/candle-lighting) **Related guides:** [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide), [When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing) --- --- title: "Shabbat Candle Lighting: A Complete Guide to Welcoming the Sabbath" description: "Learn the beautiful tradition of lighting Shabbat candles. Includes the blessing, proper timing, customs, and the spiritual significance of this weekly mitzvah." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/candlelighting-guide" --- # Shabbat Candle Lighting: A Complete Guide to Welcoming the Sabbath ## The Mitzvah of Candle Lighting Lighting candles to welcome Shabbat is one of the most beloved Jewish traditions. It creates a peaceful, sacred atmosphere as we transition from the workweek to the day of rest. The candles symbolize the light and joy that Shabbat brings into our homes. This mitzvah is traditionally performed by women, though men may light if no woman is present. The light represents shalom bayit - peace in the home. ## When to Light Candles Candles are lit 18 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon (some communities light earlier, up to 40 minutes before). This 18-minute buffer ensures Shabbat isn't accidentally violated. Once candles are lit and the blessing is recited, Shabbat has begun for the person who lit. Check local candle lighting times, as they change weekly based on sunset. The Am Hazak app provides accurate times for your location. ## How to Light Candles 1) Prepare the candles in their holders before lighting. 2) Light the candles. 3) Draw your hands around the flames three times, bringing the light toward you. 4) Cover your eyes with your hands. 5) Recite the blessing: 'Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech HaOlam, asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu l'hadlik ner shel Shabbat.' 6) Uncover your eyes and gaze at the candles. Many add a personal prayer at this special moment. ## Why Cover the Eyes? Normally, we recite a blessing before performing a mitzvah. However, once the Shabbat blessing is said, Shabbat has begun and we can no longer light fire. So we light first, then cover our eyes to 'not yet see' the candles, say the blessing, and then uncover our eyes to 'first enjoy' the candlelight. This maintains the principle of blessing before the mitzvah while respecting the prohibition against lighting fire on Shabbat. ## How Many Candles? The minimum is two candles, representing 'Zachor' (Remember) and 'Shamor' (Keep) - the two ways the Shabbat commandment appears in the Torah. Many women add a candle for each child, some light seven candles corresponding to the days of creation, and some families have other customs. Single women and girls traditionally light one candle. The important thing is consistency with your family's custom. ## A Time for Prayer The moment after lighting candles, with hands still covering the eyes, is considered an especially auspicious time for personal prayer. Many women pray for their children's health, success in Torah learning, and finding good marriage partners. It's a time to pray for family, for healing of the sick, and for personal needs. This weekly opportunity for intimate prayer is cherished across Jewish communities. **Related prayers:** [Candle Lighting](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/candle-lighting) **Related guides:** [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide), [How to Make Havdalah: Complete Guide to Ending Shabbat](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/havdalah-guide) --- --- title: "Guide to Hallel: Psalms of Praise" description: "Learn about Hallel, the collection of praise psalms (113-118) recited on Jewish holidays. Includes when full and half Hallel are said and how to recite it." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/hallel-guide" --- # Guide to Hallel: Psalms of Praise ## What is Hallel? Hallel is a collection of six Psalms (113-118) recited as songs of praise and thanksgiving to God. The word 'Hallel' comes from the Hebrew root meaning 'to praise.' These psalms were sung by the Levites in the Temple and continue to be recited on joyous occasions when we celebrate God's miracles and salvation. ## Full Hallel vs. Half Hallel Full Hallel includes all six psalms and is recited on: First two days of Pesach (one day in Israel), Shavuot, all days of Sukkot, Shemini Atzeret/Simchat Torah, and all eight days of Chanukah. Half Hallel (with two paragraphs omitted) is recited on: Rosh Chodesh, the last six days of Pesach, and Yom Ha'atzmaut (in some communities). ## The Structure of Hallel Hallel begins with a blessing ('likro et haHallel' or 'ligmor et haHallel') and ends with a blessing. The six psalms are: Psalm 113 (Halleluyah, praise servants of God), Psalm 114 (When Israel went out of Egypt), Psalm 115 (Not to us, but to Your name give glory), Psalm 116 (I love that God hears my voice), Psalm 117 (Praise God all nations - shortest psalm), Psalm 118 (Give thanks to God for He is good). ## How to Recite Hallel Hallel is recited standing, as it is considered like testifying to God's greatness. It is said during Shacharit, after the Amidah and before the Torah reading. With a minyan, certain verses are repeated responsively. If praying alone, simply recite the entire text. The blessing before Hallel should only be said if reciting the complete Hallel (or on Rosh Chodesh according to some customs). ## Why Half Hallel on Later Days of Pesach? We recite only half Hallel on the last six days of Pesach because the Egyptians drowned in the sea during this time. The Midrash teaches that God silenced the angels who wanted to sing, saying 'My creations are drowning in the sea, and you want to sing?' This teaches us to temper our joy when it comes at the cost of others' suffering. ## Hallel at the Seder On Passover night, Hallel is split into two parts during the Seder. The first two psalms (113-114) are recited before the meal, and the remaining four (115-118) are recited after. This unique arrangement connects the Exodus story told during Maggid with the songs of praise, making the Hallel part of the storytelling rather than a separate prayer. **Related prayers:** [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel), [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit) **Related guides:** [Passover Seder Guide: The 15 Steps and Haggadah Overview](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/passover-seder-guide), [Chanukah Prayer Guide: Candle Lighting and Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/chanukah-guide), [Rosh Hashanah Prayer Guide: High Holiday Prayers Explained](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/rosh-hashanah-guide) --- --- title: "Rosh Hashanah Prayer Guide: High Holiday Prayers Explained" description: "Complete guide to Rosh Hashanah prayers including Shofar, Tashlich, the Machzor, and unique High Holiday liturgy. Learn the meaning behind the prayers." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/rosh-hashanah-guide" --- # Rosh Hashanah Prayer Guide: High Holiday Prayers Explained ## Overview of Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, is observed for two days (one day in biblical times). It commemorates the creation of the world and marks the beginning of the Ten Days of Repentance. On this day, God judges all humanity, deciding each person's fate for the coming year. The prayers reflect themes of kingship, remembrance, and the shofar. ## The Machzor The Machzor is the special prayer book used on High Holidays. It contains all the standard prayers plus unique additions for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. The Machzor includes piyyutim (liturgical poems), special Torah readings, and extended Amidah prayers. If you're new to services, following along in a Machzor with English translation is highly recommended. ## The Shofar The central mitzvah of Rosh Hashanah is hearing the shofar (ram's horn). We blow 100 sounds over the course of the service. The three main sounds are: Tekiah (one long blast), Shevarim (three medium blasts), and Teruah (nine short blasts). The shofar serves as a spiritual alarm clock, calling us to repentance. It also recalls the binding of Isaac and proclaims God as King. ## Key Prayers Several unique prayers define Rosh Hashanah: 'Unetaneh Tokef' - the powerful prayer describing God's judgment ('Who will live and who will die'). 'Avinu Malkeinu' - 'Our Father, Our King' - a litany of requests for forgiveness and blessing. 'Hayom Harat Olam' - 'Today the world was born.' The Musaf Amidah includes three special sections: Malchuyot (Kingship), Zichronot (Remembrances), and Shofarot (Shofar verses). ## Tashlich Tashlich ('casting') is performed on the first afternoon of Rosh Hashanah (or second day if the first is Shabbat). We go to a body of water and symbolically cast our sins into it while reciting prayers including 'V'tashlich bimtzulot yam kol chatotam' (You will cast all their sins into the depths of the sea). Some shake out their pockets. It's a powerful ritual of releasing the past. ## Holiday Customs Special foods symbolize hopes for the new year: Apple dipped in honey for a sweet year, round challah representing the cycle of the year, pomegranate for merits as numerous as its seeds, and fish head ('that we be as the head and not the tail'). Before each symbolic food, we recite 'Yehi ratzon' prayers. Greetings include 'Shanah Tovah' and 'L'shanah tovah tikateivu v'tichateimu' (May you be inscribed and sealed for a good year). **Related prayers:** [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit) **Related guides:** [Yom Kippur Prayer Guide: Day of Atonement Services](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/yom-kippur-guide), [The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/amidah-guide) --- --- title: "Yom Kippur Prayer Guide: Day of Atonement Services" description: "Complete guide to Yom Kippur prayers including Kol Nidrei, the five services, Vidui (confession), and Neilah. Understand the holiest day of the Jewish year." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/yom-kippur-guide" --- # Yom Kippur Prayer Guide: Day of Atonement Services ## Overview of Yom Kippur Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. It occurs on the 10th of Tishrei, concluding the Ten Days of Repentance. On this day, we fast for approximately 25 hours, abstaining from food, drink, leather shoes, bathing, and marital relations. We spend the day in prayer, seeking forgiveness from God and others. ## Kol Nidrei Kol Nidrei ('All Vows') is recited at the start of Yom Kippur, just before sunset. It is not technically a prayer but a legal formula annulling vows we may make in the coming year. The haunting melody has become one of the most recognizable in Jewish liturgy. The Torah scrolls are removed from the ark and held during the recitation. Kol Nidrei is repeated three times. ## The Five Services Yom Kippur has five prayer services, more than any other day: 1) Maariv/Kol Nidrei - evening service beginning the fast. 2) Shacharit - morning service with Torah reading about the Temple service. 3) Musaf - includes detailed description of Temple Yom Kippur service. 4) Mincha - includes reading from the book of Jonah. 5) Neilah - the 'closing' service as the heavenly gates close at sunset. ## Vidui - Confession The Vidui (confession) is central to Yom Kippur. We confess our sins in two main forms: 'Ashamnu' - an alphabetical acrostic of sins, and 'Al Chet' - a longer list. We beat our chest lightly with each sin mentioned. The confession is in plural ('we have sinned') because we take collective responsibility. Vidui is recited ten times during the day's services. ## Neilah - The Closing Service Neilah, meaning 'closing,' is the final service unique to Yom Kippur. It takes place as the sun sets and the 'gates of heaven' are about to close. The ark remains open throughout. The intensity builds as we make our final pleas. The service concludes with a single long blast of the shofar, followed by 'L'shanah haba'ah b'Yerushalayim!' (Next year in Jerusalem!). ## Breaking the Fast The fast ends after nightfall when three stars are visible, following the final shofar blast. Many have a light meal prepared in advance. It's customary to begin building the sukkah immediately after Yom Kippur, transitioning from atonement to joy. The greeting after Yom Kippur is 'G'mar chatimah tovah' (May your inscription be sealed for good) or simply 'Good Yom Tov.' **Related prayers:** [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit), [Maariv](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/maariv) **Related guides:** [Rosh Hashanah Prayer Guide: High Holiday Prayers Explained](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/rosh-hashanah-guide), [The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/amidah-guide), [Understanding Kaddish: The Mourner's Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kaddish-guide) --- --- title: "Passover Seder Guide: The 15 Steps and Haggadah Overview" description: "Complete guide to conducting a Passover Seder, including the 15 steps, Seder plate items, the Four Questions, and key Haggadah passages." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/passover-seder-guide" --- # Passover Seder Guide: The 15 Steps and Haggadah Overview ## What is the Seder? The Seder (meaning 'order') is the ritual feast held on the first night of Passover (first two nights outside Israel). We retell the story of the Exodus from Egypt, fulfill mitzvot of eating matzah and bitter herbs, drink four cups of wine, and engage children with questions and songs. The Haggadah is the text that guides us through this 15-step journey. ## The Seder Plate The Seder plate holds six symbolic items: 1) Zeroa (shankbone) - representing the Passover sacrifice. 2) Beitzah (egg) - representing the festival offering. 3) Maror (bitter herbs) - recalling the bitterness of slavery. 4) Charoset - sweet paste symbolizing the mortar used by slaves. 5) Karpas (vegetable) - dipped in salt water for tears. 6) Chazeret (additional bitter herb) - for the Hillel sandwich. ## The 15 Steps 1) Kadesh - Kiddush over wine. 2) Urchatz - wash hands without blessing. 3) Karpas - eat vegetable dipped in salt water. 4) Yachatz - break middle matzah. 5) Maggid - tell the Exodus story. 6) Rachtzah - wash hands with blessing. 7) Motzi - blessing over bread. 8) Matzah - blessing and eating matzah. 9) Maror - eating bitter herbs. 10) Korech - Hillel sandwich. 11) Shulchan Orech - festive meal. 12) Tzafun - eating the afikoman. 13) Barech - Grace After Meals. 14) Hallel - songs of praise. 15) Nirtzah - conclusion. ## The Four Questions (Mah Nishtanah) The youngest child traditionally asks the Four Questions: 'Why is this night different from all other nights?' The questions highlight four distinctive practices: 1) Eating matzah instead of bread. 2) Eating bitter herbs. 3) Dipping foods twice. 4) Reclining while eating. These questions set the stage for the telling of the Exodus story that follows. ## Key Maggid Passages Maggid (telling the story) includes several key passages: 'Avadim Hayinu' (We were slaves) - the core narrative. The Four Sons - how to explain Passover to different types of children. 'V'hi She'amdah' - God's promise that has sustained us through persecutions. The Ten Plagues - with drops of wine removed for each plague. 'Dayeinu' - recounting God's kindnesses ('it would have been enough'). ## Conducting a Meaningful Seder Tips for a meaningful Seder: Prepare discussion questions in advance. Involve everyone, especially children. Don't rush the Maggid section - it's the heart of the Seder. Use visual aids and props. Tell additional stories of redemption. Sing songs enthusiastically. The Seder should feel like a personal journey from slavery to freedom, not just a ritual to complete. **Related guides:** [Guide to Hallel: Psalms of Praise](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/hallel-guide), [Birkat Hamazon: Complete Guide to Grace After Meals](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/birkat-hamazon-guide), [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide) --- --- title: "Chanukah Prayer Guide: Candle Lighting and Blessings" description: "Complete guide to Chanukah prayers and rituals including candle lighting order, the three blessings, Maoz Tzur, Al HaNissim, and Hallel." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/chanukah-guide" --- # Chanukah Prayer Guide: Candle Lighting and Blessings ## The Meaning of Chanukah Chanukah ('dedication') commemorates two miracles: the military victory of the Maccabees over the Greek-Syrian army in 165 BCE, and the miracle of the oil - when one day's worth of pure oil burned for eight days in the rededicated Temple. The holiday celebrates religious freedom and the triumph of light over darkness, spirituality over materialism. ## Setting Up the Menorah The Chanukah menorah (chanukiah) has nine branches - eight for the Chanukah lights plus the shamash (helper candle). Place candles from right to left, adding one each night. The shamash goes in the elevated or separate holder. Position the menorah where it can be seen, traditionally in a window or doorway. Use candles or oil that will burn for at least 30 minutes after nightfall. ## The Three Blessings Before lighting, recite the blessings: 1) 'L'hadlik ner shel Chanukah' - 'to kindle the Chanukah light.' 2) 'She'asah nissim la'avoteinu' - 'Who performed miracles for our ancestors.' 3) 'Shehecheyanu' - thanking God for bringing us to this time (first night only). After reciting the blessings, light the shamash, then use it to light the other candles from left to right (newest first). ## Candle Lighting Order Night 1: One candle on the far right. Night 2: Two candles, light the new (left) one first. Continue this pattern - always add to the left, light from left to right. By night 8, all eight candles plus the shamash are lit. Light after nightfall (some light at sunset on Friday before Shabbat candles). The candles should burn for at least 30 minutes. ## Maoz Tzur and Songs After lighting, it's customary to sing 'Maoz Tzur' (Rock of Ages), a 13th-century hymn recounting God's salvation throughout Jewish history. Other popular songs include 'Chanukah Oh Chanukah,' 'Sevivon,' and 'Mi Yimalel.' Sitting by the candles while they burn, singing and spending time with family, fulfills the spirit of 'publicizing the miracle' (pirsumei nisa). ## Al HaNissim and Hallel During Chanukah, 'Al HaNissim' (For the Miracles) is added to the Amidah and Birkat Hamazon, recounting the Chanukah story. Full Hallel (Psalms 113-118) is recited each morning of Chanukah - one of only times full Hallel is said for eight consecutive days. There is no fasting or eulogies during Chanukah. Work is permitted, though some refrain while the candles burn. **Related prayers:** [Chanukah Candle Lighting](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/chanukah-candle-lighting) **Related guides:** [Guide to Hallel: Psalms of Praise](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/hallel-guide), [shabbat-prayers-guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/shabbat-prayers-guide), [Guide to Daily Brachot: Jewish Blessings for Every Occasion](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/daily-brachot-guide) --- --- title: "Megillat Esther: Complete Guide to the Purim Reading" description: "Learn about Megillat Esther, the Book of Esther read on Purim. Includes the story, laws of the reading, customs, and how to fulfill this joyous mitzvah." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/megillatesther-guide" --- # Megillat Esther: Complete Guide to the Purim Reading ## What is Megillat Esther? Megillat Esther (the Scroll of Esther) is one of the five megillot in the Hebrew Bible, telling the story of how Queen Esther and her cousin Mordechai saved the Jewish people from destruction in ancient Persia. It is read publicly on Purim, both at night and in the morning. The megillah is unique among biblical books in that God's name does not appear explicitly, yet God's hidden hand guides events throughout. ## When to Hear the Megillah The megillah is read twice on Purim: once at night after nightfall and once during the day. The daytime reading is considered more important. In walled cities that existed in Joshua's time (like Jerusalem), Purim is celebrated on the 15th of Adar (Shushan Purim). In most other places, it's celebrated on the 14th of Adar. Both men and women are obligated to hear the megillah reading. ## Laws of the Reading To fulfill the mitzvah, one must hear every word of the megillah. If you miss even one word, you haven't fulfilled your obligation. The reader uses a kosher scroll written on parchment. The congregation should follow along silently, either in a printed text or by heart, while the reader chants aloud. Four verses (2:5, 8:15-16, 10:3) are traditionally recited aloud by the congregation before the reader repeats them. ## The Custom of Making Noise It's customary to make noise (with graggers/ra'ashanim or by stamping feet) whenever Haman's name is mentioned, to 'blot out' his memory. This is based on the commandment to erase the memory of Amalek, Haman's ancestor. Children especially enjoy this custom, but be careful not to make so much noise that you miss words of the reading. Many communities limit noise-making to certain mentions of Haman's name. ## The Story of Purim The megillah tells how King Achashverosh of Persia chose Esther as his queen, not knowing she was Jewish. When the wicked Haman plotted to destroy all Jews, Esther's cousin Mordechai urged her to intervene. Risking her life, Esther revealed her identity to the king and exposed Haman's plot. Haman was hanged on the very gallows he had prepared for Mordechai, and the Jews were saved. The name Purim comes from the 'pur' (lot) that Haman cast to choose the date of destruction. ## Blessings and Practices Three blessings are recited before the megillah reading: for the commandment to read the megillah, for the miracles done for our ancestors, and Shehecheyanu (at night reading only, or at day if you didn't hear it at night). After the reading, we say 'HaRav et Riveinu,' thanking God for fighting our battles. The megillah scroll is traditionally unrolled and folded like a letter before reading, as Esther sent 'letters' to establish Purim. **Related prayers:** [Megillat Esther](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/megillat-esther) **Related guides:** [chanukah-candle-lighting-guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/chanukah-candle-lighting-guide) --- --- title: "Sefirat HaOmer: Counting the Omer from Passover to Shavuot" description: "Learn how to count the Omer, the 49-day period between Passover and Shavuot. Includes the blessing, counting method, spiritual significance, and customs of this period." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/sefirathaomer-guide" --- # Sefirat HaOmer: Counting the Omer from Passover to Shavuot ## What is Sefirat HaOmer? Sefirat HaOmer (Counting the Omer) is the biblical commandment to count 49 days from the second night of Passover until Shavuot. In Temple times, an omer (measure) of barley was offered on the second day of Passover, and the counting marked the days until the wheat offering on Shavuot. Today, we count to connect the Exodus (Passover) with receiving the Torah (Shavuot), representing our journey from physical to spiritual freedom. ## How to Count the Omer The omer is counted at night, after nightfall (tzet hakochavim), beginning on the second night of Passover. Stand and recite the blessing, then announce the count: 'Today is day X of the Omer' (and after the first week, 'which is X weeks and X days of the Omer'). If you forget to count at night, count during the next day without a blessing, then resume counting with a blessing the following night. ## The Blessing and Text The blessing is: 'Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech HaOlam, asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al sefirat ha'omer.' Then state the count. For example: 'Hayom yom echad la'omer' (Day 1), or 'Hayom sh'losha asar yom, shehem shavua echad v'shisha yamim la'omer' (Day 13, which is one week and six days). Many follow the count with Psalm 67 and a prayer for the Temple's rebuilding. ## If You Miss a Day If you forget to count for an entire day (both night and the following day), you continue counting the remaining days without a blessing. The reasoning is that the 49 days form one complete mitzvah, and missing a day may break the continuity required for the blessing. However, continue counting without a blessing - the count itself is still meaningful. Set a daily reminder to avoid missing a day. ## Customs of the Omer Period The Omer period is observed as a time of semi-mourning because 24,000 students of Rabbi Akiva died during this time. Customs include not holding weddings, not taking haircuts, not listening to live music, and not wearing new clothes. These restrictions are lifted on Lag BaOmer (the 33rd day) when the plague ended. Different communities observe these restrictions during different portions of the 49 days. ## Spiritual Growth During the Omer Kabbalistically, each day of the Omer corresponds to a combination of seven divine attributes (sefirot), offering 49 opportunities for spiritual refinement. The count represents our spiritual journey from the impurity of Egypt to the purity needed to receive the Torah. Many use this period for introspection and character development, focusing each day on a different aspect of personal growth as preparation for Shavuot. **Related prayers:** [Sefirat HaOmer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/sefirat-ha-omer) --- --- title: "Tashlich: The Symbolic Casting Away of Sins on Rosh Hashanah" description: "Learn about Tashlich, the Rosh Hashanah custom of symbolically casting sins into water. Includes the prayers, when and where to perform it, and its spiritual meaning." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tashlich-guide" --- # Tashlich: The Symbolic Casting Away of Sins on Rosh Hashanah ## What is Tashlich? Tashlich (meaning 'You will cast') is a ceremony performed on Rosh Hashanah in which Jews symbolically cast their sins into a body of water. The name comes from Micah 7:19: 'You will cast (tashlich) all their sins into the depths of the sea.' Standing by water, we recite prayers and often shake out the corners of our garments, symbolizing the casting away of sin. It's a powerful visual representation of teshuvah (repentance). ## When and Where to Perform Tashlich Tashlich is traditionally performed on the first day of Rosh Hashanah afternoon, after Mincha. If the first day falls on Shabbat, it's postponed to the second day. If you can't do it on Rosh Hashanah, it may be done anytime until Yom Kippur, or according to some customs, until Hoshanah Rabbah. The ceremony is performed near a natural body of water - a river, lake, ocean, or stream. Ideally, the water should contain fish. ## Why Fish? The preference for water with fish has several explanations: Fish have no eyelids and their eyes are always open, reminding us of God's ever-watchful providence. Fish can be caught in nets suddenly, reminding us that life is fragile and we should repent while we can. Fish multiply rapidly, symbolizing our hope for blessings and increase. The fish represent the blessings we hope to receive in the new year. ## The Tashlich Prayers The Tashlich service includes the reading of Micah 7:18-20 ('Who is a God like You, who pardons iniquity...'), followed by Psalms (usually Psalm 118 and/or 130), and additional prayers asking God to forgive our sins. The prayers emphasize God's mercy and His willingness to forgive those who truly repent. Different communities have varying customs regarding which additional prayers to include. ## Shaking Out Garments Many have the custom to shake out the corners or pockets of their garments over the water, symbolically shaking out sins. Some throw bread crumbs into the water, though this custom is discouraged by many rabbinical authorities as it may appear to be 'feeding' sins to the fish rather than casting them away. The focus should be on the internal act of repentance, not just the external ritual. ## The Spiritual Meaning Tashlich is not magic - it doesn't automatically erase sins. Rather, it's a powerful meditation on teshuvah. Standing before flowing water reminds us that just as water flows and renews itself, we too can change and renew ourselves. The ceremony externalizes the internal process of recognizing our shortcomings and committing to do better. It's a physical act that helps make the abstract process of repentance feel real and concrete. **Related prayers:** [Tashlich](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tashlich) --- --- title: "Passover Chametz: Search, Nullification, and Burning Guide" description: "Complete guide to the Passover chametz rituals: Bedikat Chametz (search), Bitul Chametz (nullification), and Biur Chametz (burning). Learn the prayers and proper procedures." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/passoverchametz-guide" --- # Passover Chametz: Search, Nullification, and Burning Guide ## What is Chametz? Chametz refers to any food made from wheat, barley, rye, oats, or spelt that has been in contact with water for more than 18 minutes without being baked. During Passover, it's forbidden to eat, own, or benefit from chametz. This commemorates the Exodus when the Israelites left Egypt so quickly that their bread didn't have time to rise. Removing chametz symbolizes removing spiritual 'puffiness' - ego and pride - from our lives. ## Bedikat Chametz: The Search On the night before Passover eve (the 14th of Nisan), after nightfall, we conduct a formal search for chametz. Use a candle for light, a feather to sweep crumbs, and a wooden spoon to collect them. Before searching, recite the blessing: 'Baruch... asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al biur chametz.' Many place ten pieces of bread around the house to ensure finding something. Search all rooms where chametz might have been brought. ## Bitul Chametz: The Nullification After the search, recite the Kol Chamira (nullification formula): 'All chametz in my possession which I have not seen and have not removed, shall be nullified and become ownerless like the dust of the earth.' This is said in Aramaic. By declaring any unfound chametz ownerless and worthless, we fulfill the requirement not to 'own' chametz even if some was accidentally missed. A second, expanded nullification is said the next morning after burning. ## Biur Chametz: The Burning On the morning before Passover (14th of Nisan), all remaining chametz must be burned (biur chametz) by the end of the fifth halachic hour of the day. Gather the chametz found during the search, plus any chametz left from breakfast, and burn it. After burning, recite the expanded Kol Chamira that includes chametz 'that I have seen and that I have not seen, that I have removed and that I have not removed.' ## Selling Chametz Since destroying large quantities of chametz can be costly, the rabbis instituted the practice of selling chametz to a non-Jew before Passover. The sale is legally binding and is typically arranged through a rabbi who acts as an agent. The chametz remains in your house (usually in a designated cabinet) but legally belongs to the non-Jew during Passover. After the holiday, the rabbi buys it back. This should be arranged before the morning of the 14th. ## Times and Deadlines Bedikat chametz: Night of the 14th of Nisan, immediately after nightfall. Eating chametz: Forbidden from the end of the fourth halachic hour on the 14th. Owning chametz: Forbidden from the end of the fifth hour. Biur chametz: Must be completed by the end of the fifth hour. These 'hours' are calculated by dividing daylight into twelve equal parts, so times vary by location and date. Check the Am Hazak app for exact times in your location. **Related prayers:** [Passover Chametz](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/passover-chametz) --- --- title: "Eruv Tavshilin: Preparing for Shabbat During a Holiday" description: "Learn about Eruv Tavshilin, the rabbinic enactment that permits cooking on a holiday for the following Shabbat. Includes when it's needed, how to make it, and the blessing." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/eruvtavshilin-guide" --- # Eruv Tavshilin: Preparing for Shabbat During a Holiday ## What is Eruv Tavshilin? Eruv Tavshilin is a rabbinic procedure that allows cooking on a Jewish holiday (Yom Tov) for the immediately following Shabbat. Normally, one may cook on Yom Tov only for that same day. When Yom Tov falls on Friday (or Thursday-Friday), the Eruv enables preparation for Shabbat. The 'eruv' consists of a cooked food and a baked food set aside before the holiday, symbolizing that Shabbat preparations began before Yom Tov. ## When is it Required? Eruv Tavshilin is required whenever a holiday immediately precedes Shabbat: when the first day of a holiday falls on Friday, or when a two-day holiday falls on Thursday-Friday, or when the last day of a holiday falls on Friday. This situation occurs several times a year depending on the calendar. The eruv must be made before the holiday begins - ideally on the afternoon before, but it can be done anytime before candle lighting. ## How to Make the Eruv Take a cooked food (traditionally a hard-boiled egg or a piece of cooked meat/fish) and a baked food (traditionally a roll or a piece of matzah on Passover). Hold both items, recite the blessing 'al mitzvat eruv,' then recite the declaration stating that through this eruv, we are permitted to bake, cook, keep food warm, light candles, and do all preparations on the holiday for Shabbat. The declaration is said in Aramaic and/or a language you understand. ## The Blessing and Declaration Blessing: 'Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech HaOlam, asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al mitzvat eruv.' Declaration: 'Through this eruv may we be permitted to bake, cook, insulate, kindle lights, prepare and do all that is necessary on the holiday for the sake of Shabbat - we and all the inhabitants of this city.' The items should be kept safe and intact through the holiday. They are traditionally eaten at Seudah Shlishit (the third Shabbat meal). ## Practical Considerations Even with an eruv, try to finish cooking early enough on Friday to honor Shabbat - the eruv is permission, not an encouragement to delay. If you forgot to make an eruv, you may rely on the communal eruv that the rabbi makes on behalf of the entire community (if such a custom exists in your area). If no communal eruv exists and you forgot, consult a rabbi for guidance. The eruv foods should be larger than a k'zayit (olive-size). ## Significance of the Eruv The eruv teaches us to plan ahead and think about Shabbat even in the midst of holiday celebrations. It ensures that in our joy over Yom Tov, we don't forget or neglect the honor of Shabbat. The rabbis instituted this practice to maintain the distinction and honor of both Shabbat and holidays. The eruv symbolizes that our Shabbat preparations have already begun, linking the special days together. **Related prayers:** [Eruv Tavshilin](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/eruv-tavshilin) **Related guides:** [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide), [Shabbat Candle Lighting: A Complete Guide to Welcoming the Sabbath](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/candlelighting-guide) --- --- title: "When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot" description: "A comprehensive quick reference guide for Jewish blessings (brachot). Learn which blessing to say before and after different foods, for daily activities, and on special occasions." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing" --- # When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot ## Understanding Brachot (Blessings) Jewish blessings (brachot) are formulas of praise and thanks to God. Most begin with 'Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech HaOlam' (Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe). Blessings are categorized into three types: blessings over food, blessings over commandments (mitzvot), and blessings of praise and thanks. This guide focuses on the most commonly needed blessings. ## Blessings Before Food HaMotzi (bread): For bread made from wheat, barley, spelt, oats, or rye. This blessing covers everything eaten during the meal. Mezonot: For baked goods and cereals made from the five grains (not bread), like cake, cookies, pasta, and cereal. HaGefen: For wine and grape juice. Ha'Etz: For fruits that grow on trees (apples, oranges, grapes eaten as fruit). Ha'Adamah: For vegetables and fruits that grow from the ground (carrots, bananas, pineapple). Shehakol: For everything else - meat, fish, eggs, dairy, water, candy, and foods that don't grow from the ground. ## Blessings After Food Birkat HaMazon: The full grace after meals, recited after eating bread. Al HaMichya (Me'ein Shalosh): After eating foods made from the five grains (mezonot), wine/grape juice, or the seven species of Israel (grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, dates). Borei Nefashot: After eating anything that doesn't require Birkat HaMazon or Al HaMichya - including fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy, and drinks other than wine. ## Special Food Situations Mixed foods: When eating foods requiring different blessings, say the blessing for the main ingredient or most significant component. Fruit juice: Say Shehakol (not Ha'Etz) because the fruit has been transformed. Bananas and pineapples: Say Ha'Adamah because the plant doesn't survive to produce fruit the next year. Potato chips and french fries: Say Ha'Adamah because they remain recognizably potato. Soup with vegetables: Say Shehakol for the broth if drinking it, Ha'Adamah if eating the vegetables. ## Daily Activity Blessings Upon waking: Modeh Ani (thanks for restoring the soul) - no 'Baruch' because hands haven't been washed. After washing hands in the morning: Al Netilat Yadayim. After using the restroom: Asher Yatzar (for the proper functioning of the body). Before Torah study: Birchot HaTorah (blessings over the Torah). When seeing lightning: Oseh Ma'aseh Vereishit (Who performs acts of creation). When hearing thunder: SheKocho U'Gvurato Malei Olam (Whose power fills the world). ## Blessings for Special Occasions Shehecheyanu: Said for new experiences - new fruit of the season, new clothes, holidays, and special occasions. 'Who has kept us alive and sustained us and brought us to this time.' HaTov VeHaMeitiv: Said for good news that benefits others as well as oneself. Dayan HaEmet: Said upon hearing of a death - 'the true Judge.' Tefilat HaDerech: The traveler's prayer, said when embarking on a journey outside the city. ## Quick Reference Chart BREAD → HaMotzi → Birkat HaMazon CAKE/COOKIES → Mezonot → Al HaMichya WINE → HaGefen → Al HaGefen APPLES, ORANGES → Ha'Etz → Borei Nefashot VEGETABLES → Ha'Adamah → Borei Nefashot MEAT, EGGS, WATER → Shehakol → Borei Nefashot GRAPES, DATES, FIGS → Ha'Etz → Al HaEtz (special ending) ## Tips for Remembering Think about where the food comes from: Tree = Ha'Etz, Ground = Ha'Adamah, Everything else = Shehakol. For the five grains (wheat, barley, spelt, oats, rye): Bread gets HaMotzi, other baked goods get Mezonot. Wine and grape juice always get HaGefen. When in doubt, Shehakol covers everything. The Am Hazak app includes a blessing lookup feature to help you find the right blessing quickly. **Related prayers:** [Birkat HaMazon](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birchat-ha-mazon), [Borei Nefashot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/borei-nefashot), [Me'ein Shalosh](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/meein-shalosh), [Asher Yatzar](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/asher-yatzar), [Tefilat HaDerech](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tefilat-haderech) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide) --- --- title: "Birkat Hamazon: Complete Guide to Grace After Meals" description: "Learn how to recite Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals), including when it's required, the four blessings, zimun, and the full text with explanations." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/birkat-hamazon-guide" --- # Birkat Hamazon: Complete Guide to Grace After Meals ## What is Birkat Hamazon? Birkat Hamazon, also known as 'bentching' or Grace After Meals, is the blessing recited after eating a meal that includes bread. It is one of the few prayers explicitly commanded in the Torah: 'And you shall eat and be satisfied, and bless the Lord your God' (Deuteronomy 8:10). This blessing expresses gratitude to God for sustaining us. ## When is Birkat Hamazon Required? Birkat Hamazon is obligatory after eating bread (at least a kezayit, roughly the size of an olive). If you ate bread, you must recite the full Birkat Hamazon. For other foods made from wheat, barley, rye, oats, or spelt (like cake or pasta), a shorter blessing called 'Al HaMichya' is recited instead. For fruits, vegetables, and other foods, 'Borei Nefashot' is said. ## The Four Blessings Birkat Hamazon consists of four main blessings: 1) Birkat Hazan - thanking God for providing food to all creatures, attributed to Moses. 2) Birkat Ha'aretz - thanking God for the Land of Israel, attributed to Joshua. 3) Birkat Yerushalayim - praying for Jerusalem and the restoration of the Temple, attributed to David and Solomon. 4) Birkat Hatov V'hameitiv - thanking God for His goodness, added by the Sages. ## Zimun: The Invitation When three or more men eat together, they begin Birkat Hamazon with 'zimun' - an invitation to bless together. One person leads and says 'Rabotai nevareich' (Gentlemen, let us bless), and the others respond. With ten or more men, God's name is added to the zimun. Women eating together may also form their own zimun. ## Additions for Special Occasions Special paragraphs are added on various occasions: 'Retzei' on Shabbat, 'Ya'aleh V'yavo' on holidays and Rosh Chodesh, 'Al HaNissim' on Chanukah and Purim. At a wedding celebration during the week of sheva brachot, the seven wedding blessings are added after Birkat Hamazon. ## Practical Tips Recite Birkat Hamazon where you ate the meal. If you forget whether you bentched, you should bentch again (if you ate until satiation). Many have the custom to hold a cup of wine during Birkat Hamazon, especially on Shabbat and holidays. Try not to interrupt in the middle of bentching. If you're in a rush, the four main blessings are the essential core. **Related prayers:** [Morning Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/morning-blessings) **Related guides:** [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide), [shabbat-prayers-guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/shabbat-prayers-guide) --- --- title: "Guide to Daily Brachot: Jewish Blessings for Every Occasion" description: "Learn the essential daily Jewish blessings (brachot) for food, nature, mitzvot, and special occasions. Includes which blessing to say and when." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/daily-brachot-guide" --- # Guide to Daily Brachot: Jewish Blessings for Every Occasion ## What are Brachot? Brachot (blessings) are praises to God recited throughout the day. They typically begin with 'Baruch Atah Adonai' (Blessed are You, Lord). The Sages teach that we should say 100 blessings daily. Brachot elevate mundane activities into spiritual moments, helping us recognize God's presence in everything we do. ## Blessings on Food - Before Eating Different foods require different blessings: 1) Hamotzi - on bread. 2) Mezonot - on grain products (cake, cookies, pasta). 3) Hagafen - on grape wine or juice. 4) Ha'etz - on fruits from trees. 5) Ha'adamah - on vegetables and ground-growing produce. 6) Shehakol - on meat, fish, dairy, water, and anything that doesn't fit other categories. When in doubt, Shehakol covers all foods. ## Blessings After Food After eating, we thank God: 1) After bread - full Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals). 2) After grain products, wine, or the seven species fruits - Al Hamichya/Al Hagefen/Al Ha'etz. 3) After all other foods - Borei Nefashot. The after-blessing should be said within a certain time of finishing eating (approximately 72 minutes, though customs vary). ## Blessings on Nature and Special Sights Judaism has blessings for natural phenomena: Lightning - 'Oseh ma'aseh bereishit' (Who performs acts of creation). Thunder - 'Shekocho u'gevurato malei olam' (Whose power fills the world). Rainbow - 'Zocher habrit' (Who remembers the covenant). Ocean - 'Oseh ma'aseh bereishit'. Beautiful trees or creatures - 'Shekacha lo b'olamo' (Who has such in His world). Seeing a great Torah scholar - 'Shechalak mechachmato lirei'av'. ## Blessings on Mitzvot Before performing commandments, we say a blessing acknowledging God commanded us. Examples: Before lighting Shabbat candles - 'L'hadlik ner shel Shabbat'. Before putting on tefillin - 'L'haniach tefillin'. Before sitting in the sukkah - 'Leishev basukkah'. Before shaking the lulav - 'Al netilat lulav'. The general format is 'asher kideshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu' (Who sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us). ## Shehecheyanu - For Special Occasions Shehecheyanu is recited for joyous firsts and special occasions: First time eating a seasonal fruit, new clothes of significance, holidays (first night), new home, and other happy milestones. The blessing thanks God 'Who has kept us alive, sustained us, and brought us to this time.' It expresses gratitude for reaching meaningful moments. **Related prayers:** [Morning Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/morning-blessings) **Related guides:** [Birkat Hamazon: Complete Guide to Grace After Meals](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/birkat-hamazon-guide), [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide) --- --- title: "Tefilat HaDerech: The Traveler's Prayer for Safe Journey" description: "Learn about Tefilat HaDerech, the Jewish traveler's prayer. Understand when to recite it, the full text, and how this ancient prayer provides protection and peace of mind during travel." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tefilathaderech-guide" --- # Tefilat HaDerech: The Traveler's Prayer for Safe Journey ## What is Tefilat HaDerech? Tefilat HaDerech (the Traveler's Prayer) is recited when embarking on a journey to ask God for protection and a safe arrival. The prayer acknowledges that travel involves inherent risks and places our trust in God's care. It has been recited by Jewish travelers for over two thousand years, from ancient camel caravans to modern air travel. The prayer asks for protection from danger, enemies, and accidents. ## When to Recite Tefilat HaDerech Tefilat HaDerech is recited when traveling outside your city for a distance of approximately 2.5-4 miles (4-6.5 km), depending on custom. It should be said after leaving the city limits but within the first 2.5 miles of the journey. For a round trip on the same day, one recitation covers both directions. For overnight trips, say it each day of travel. The prayer is recited for car, plane, train, boat, or walking journeys. ## The Text of the Prayer The prayer begins: 'May it be Your will, Lord our God and God of our ancestors, that You lead us in peace and direct our steps in peace, and guide us in peace, and support us in peace, and bring us to our destination in life, joy, and peace.' It continues asking for protection from enemies and ambushes, and for God's blessing on the work of our hands. It concludes: 'Blessed are You, Lord, Who hears prayer.' ## How to Recite the Prayer Tefilat HaDerech should ideally be said standing still and with concentration. If driving, you may pull over safely to recite it, or say it while the car is stopped at a red light. If this isn't possible, you may recite it while driving but with as much concentration as safely possible. On a plane, it's often recited after takeoff. Some have the custom to place a hand on the mezuzah before leaving home and then recite the prayer. ## Flying and Modern Travel For airplane travel, Tefilat HaDerech is recited after takeoff when the plane has reached cruising altitude. Some add it to their prayers in the airport before boarding. For cruises or long boat journeys, it's said at the beginning of the voyage. The prayer remains relevant in our modern age - perhaps even more so, as we travel farther and faster than our ancestors could have imagined. ## Spiritual Meaning Beyond physical protection, Tefilat HaDerech reminds us that we are always on a journey - both physically and spiritually. The repetition of 'peace' (shalom) five times emphasizes our deep need for tranquility in all aspects of the journey. The prayer acknowledges our vulnerability and dependence on God, fostering humility and gratitude. It transforms travel from a mundane activity into an opportunity for connection with the Divine. **Related prayers:** [Tefilat HaDerech](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tefilat-haderech) **Related guides:** [When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing) --- --- title: "Understanding Kaddish: The Mourner's Prayer Guide" description: "A comprehensive guide to Kaddish - the Jewish mourner's prayer. Learn about the different types of Kaddish, when to recite it, the meaning behind the words, and the laws of mourning." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kaddish-guide" --- # Understanding Kaddish: The Mourner's Prayer Guide ## What is Kaddish? Kaddish is an ancient Aramaic prayer that sanctifies God's name. Despite being associated with mourning, Kaddish makes no mention of death. Instead, it is a declaration of faith praising God and expressing hope for the establishment of His kingdom. The central response 'Yehei Shmei Rabba' (May His great Name be blessed forever and ever) is considered one of the most important responses in Jewish prayer. ## Types of Kaddish There are several versions of Kaddish: 1. Kaddish Yatom (Mourner's Kaddish): Recited by mourners, this is the most well-known form. 2. Kaddish Shalem (Full Kaddish): Recited by the prayer leader after the Amidah. 3. Chatzi Kaddish (Half Kaddish): A shorter version used to separate sections of the service. 4. Kaddish D'Rabbanan (Rabbi's Kaddish): Recited after studying Torah or Talmud. 5. Kaddish after a burial: A special version recited at the cemetery. ## When Mourners Recite Kaddish Mourners recite Kaddish for 11 months after the death of a parent (not 12, to avoid implying the parent needed the full year of judgment). For other close relatives (spouse, sibling, child), Kaddish is recited for 30 days (shloshim). Kaddish is also recited on the yahrzeit (anniversary of death) each year. It is said at every prayer service: Shacharit, Mincha, and Maariv. ## The Requirement of a Minyan Kaddish can only be recited in the presence of a minyan - a quorum of ten Jewish adults (traditionally men in Orthodox practice, men or women in egalitarian communities). This is because Kaddish is a 'davar shebekedusha' (matter of holiness) that requires a community. If you cannot attend synagogue, many communities offer minyan services or can help you find a minyan. ## The Text and Responses The mourner recites Kaddish while the congregation responds at specific points. The most important response is 'Yehei Shmei Rabba mevarach le'alam u'le'almei almaya' (May His great Name be blessed forever and ever). The Talmud teaches that responding to Kaddish with full concentration can annul harsh decrees. Other responses include 'Amen' and 'Yehei Shmei Rabba' at designated places. ## The Meaning and Purpose Saying Kaddish is considered a great merit for the soul of the deceased. The Zohar teaches that a child's Kaddish can elevate a parent's soul. Beyond helping the departed, Kaddish helps the mourner by providing structure during grief, connecting them to community, and affirming faith even in the face of loss. It transforms private grief into communal support and spiritual growth. ## Practical Guidelines Stand when reciting Kaddish with feet together. If multiple mourners are present, they recite together. Speak clearly and at a pace that allows the congregation to respond. If you don't know the words well, use a siddur or the Am Hazak app which includes the full text with transliteration. Many synagogues welcome mourners even if they're not regular members. Don't hesitate to ask for help learning the prayer. **Related prayers:** [Kaddish](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kaddish), [Mi Sheberach](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mi-sheberach) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-maariv) --- --- title: "Mi Sheberach: The Jewish Prayer for Healing" description: "Learn about Mi Sheberach, the Jewish prayer for healing recited during Torah services. Understand when it's said, how to add names, and its deep spiritual meaning." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/misheberach-guide" --- # Mi Sheberach: The Jewish Prayer for Healing ## What is Mi Sheberach? Mi Sheberach ('May the One who blessed') is a prayer asking for God's blessing, most commonly recited for those who are ill. The prayer invokes the merit of our ancestors and asks God to send complete healing - refuah shleimah - to the person named. It's traditionally recited during the Torah service, connecting the power of Torah to the prayer for healing. The congregation responds 'Amen' to add their prayers. ## When is Mi Sheberach Recited? Mi Sheberach for the sick is typically recited on Shabbat and holidays during the Torah reading, and on Mondays and Thursdays when the Torah is read. Many synagogues have a specific time for it, often after the Torah reading before returning the scroll to the ark. Some recite it for each person called to the Torah (aliyah). It can also be said privately at any time when praying for someone's recovery. ## How to Submit Names When requesting a Mi Sheberach, provide the Hebrew name of the ill person along with their mother's Hebrew name (e.g., 'Yosef ben Sarah'). Using the mother's name is the tradition for healing prayers. If the Hebrew name isn't known, the English name can be used. Many synagogues maintain a Mi Sheberach list - contact the office or gabbai to add names. Some communities also read names submitted online or by phone. ## The Text of the Prayer The Mi Sheberach begins: 'May the One who blessed our ancestors, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah, bless and heal [name] son/daughter of [mother's name].' It continues asking God to strengthen and heal them, body and spirit, among all who are ill, and concludes 'speedily and soon, and let us say Amen.' Different communities have varying texts, some longer and some shorter. ## Refuah Shleimah: Complete Healing The prayer asks for 'refuah shleimah' - complete healing - which traditionally means both physical and spiritual healing ('refuat hanefesh u'refuat haguf'). Judaism recognizes that illness affects the whole person, not just the body. The prayer acknowledges that ultimate healing comes from God, while still encouraging seeking medical treatment. We pray for the patient's strength, comfort, and full restoration to health. ## Other Mi Sheberach Prayers While the healing Mi Sheberach is most well-known, there are Mi Sheberach prayers for many occasions: for those called to the Torah, for newborn babies, for soldiers, for travelers, for new mothers, and more. Each asks for God's blessing for the specific situation. The format - invoking ancestral merit and asking for blessing - is adapted for various needs in Jewish life. **Related prayers:** [Mi Sheberach](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mi-sheberach) **Related guides:** [Understanding Kaddish: The Mourner's Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kaddish-guide) --- --- title: "Sheva Brachot: The Seven Wedding Blessings Explained" description: "Learn about Sheva Brachot, the seven wedding blessings recited under the chuppah and during the week of celebration. Understand each blessing's meaning and the customs." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/shevabrachot-guide" --- # Sheva Brachot: The Seven Wedding Blessings Explained ## What are Sheva Brachot? Sheva Brachot (Seven Blessings) are the seven blessings recited during a Jewish wedding ceremony under the chuppah, and again at festive meals during the week following the wedding. These ancient blessings, found in the Talmud, celebrate the creation of humanity, the joy of the couple, and the hope for Jerusalem's restoration. They transform the wedding into a sacred covenant before God and community. ## The Seven Blessings Explained 1) Blessing over wine (hagafen). 2) Praise for God who created everything for His glory. 3) Praise for the Creator of humanity. 4) Praise for creating humans in God's image with the ability to perpetuate. 5) May Zion rejoice as her children return (a prayer for Jerusalem). 6) Gladden the couple as God gladdened Adam and Eve in Eden. 7) Praise for God who created joy and gladness, groom and bride, and all forms of celebration - concluding with 'Who gladdens the groom with the bride.' ## Under the Chuppah During the wedding ceremony, the Sheva Brachot are recited after the ring ceremony and the reading of the ketubah (marriage contract). They are traditionally chanted over a cup of wine by the officiating rabbi or divided among honored guests. After the blessings, the couple drinks from the wine. This is followed by the breaking of the glass and the joyous celebration. ## The Week of Sheva Brachot For seven days after the wedding, festive meals are held in honor of the couple, and Sheva Brachot are recited after Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals). To recite the full Sheva Brachot at these meals, there must be a minyan (ten men) and at least one 'panim chadashot' (new face) - someone who wasn't at the wedding or a previous Sheva Brachot meal during that week. This ensures continuous celebration with fresh participants. ## The Joy of the Couple A central theme of Sheva Brachot is joy - specifically, the mitzvah to gladden the bride and groom. The blessings invoke the original joy of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, asking that the couple experience similar happiness. Guests are encouraged to celebrate, sing, dance, and bring joy to the new couple. This week of celebration helps launch the marriage with community support and happiness. ## Jerusalem in the Blessings Several of the Sheva Brachot reference Jerusalem and Zion, connecting personal joy to national hope. Even at the height of celebration, we remember Jerusalem and pray for its rebuilding. The blessings envision 'the sound of joy and gladness, the voice of groom and bride' once again being heard in the streets of Jerusalem. This links every Jewish wedding to the collective destiny of the Jewish people. **Related prayers:** [Sheva Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/sheva-brachot) **Related guides:** [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide) --- --- title: "Mezuzah: Affixing the Sacred Scroll to Your Doorpost" description: "Complete guide to the mezuzah mitzvah. Learn which doorways require a mezuzah, how to affix it properly, the blessing, and the spiritual significance of this commandment." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/mezuzah-guide" --- # Mezuzah: Affixing the Sacred Scroll to Your Doorpost ## What is a Mezuzah? A mezuzah is a parchment scroll inscribed with verses from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and 11:13-21), including the Shema. The scroll is placed in a protective case and affixed to the doorposts of Jewish homes, fulfilling the commandment to 'write them on the doorposts of your house and upon your gates.' The mezuzah sanctifies the home and serves as a constant reminder of God's presence and our commitment to His commandments. ## Which Doorways Require a Mezuzah? A mezuzah is required on doorways that meet certain criteria: the doorway must have two doorposts and a lintel, be at least approximately 32 inches (80 cm) wide and 80 inches (200 cm) high, lead to a room of at least 36 square feet (4 square meters), be a permanent structure, be used for dignified living purposes, and be owned or rented by a Jew. Bathrooms, small closets, and temporary structures are generally exempt. ## How to Affix the Mezuzah The mezuzah is placed on the right doorpost as you enter the room, in the upper third of the doorpost, within approximately 3 inches (8 cm) of the door frame's outer edge. Ashkenazi custom tilts the mezuzah with the top pointing inward (a compromise between vertical and horizontal opinions), while Sephardi custom places it vertically. The top of the scroll (where 'Shema' begins) should point toward the inside of the room. ## The Blessing Before affixing the first mezuzah, recite the blessing: 'Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech HaOlam, asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu likboa mezuzah' ('Blessed are You... who commanded us to affix a mezuzah'). One blessing covers all mezuzot being affixed at that time. If putting up mezuzot on different occasions, say the blessing each time for the first one. After the blessing, affix the mezuzah firmly. ## When to Affix: Timing In Israel, mezuzot should be affixed immediately upon moving into a home. Outside Israel, there is a 30-day grace period for rented homes, but many have the custom to put them up right away. When buying a new home, affix mezuzot before or as soon as you move in. The obligation begins when you start using the home as your residence. Don't delay this special mitzvah that sanctifies your home. ## Checking and Maintaining Mezuzot Mezuzah scrolls should be checked twice in seven years to ensure they remain kosher - the letters can fade or crack over time. Some check more frequently. Take the mezuzah to a qualified scribe (sofer) for inspection. When removing a mezuzah for checking, some have the custom to replace it with another kosher mezuzah so the doorway is not left without one. Always purchase mezuzot from a reputable source to ensure they are properly written. **Related prayers:** [Mezuzah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mezuzah) **Related guides:** [Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema) --- --- title: "Tevillat Kelim: Immersing Dishes and Utensils in a Mikveh" description: "Learn about Tevillat Kelim, the mitzvah of immersing new dishes and utensils. Includes which items require immersion, the blessing, and proper technique." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tevillatkelim-guide" --- # Tevillat Kelim: Immersing Dishes and Utensils in a Mikveh ## What is Tevillat Kelim? Tevillat Kelim is the mitzvah of immersing new food vessels and utensils in a mikveh (ritual bath) before their first use. This requirement comes from the Torah (Numbers 31:22-23) when vessels captured in war needed purification. Today, it applies to metal and glass utensils purchased from a non-Jew. The immersion sanctifies the vessels, elevating them from mundane commercial objects to holy items used in a Jewish home. ## Which Items Require Immersion? Metal utensils (steel, aluminum, copper, silver, etc.) that contact food require immersion with a blessing. Glass utensils also require immersion with a blessing. Ceramic, porcelain, and earthenware have varying opinions - some immerse without a blessing. Plastic and wood do not require immersion. The item must be used for food that is eaten, not just preparation - though many immerse food preparation items as well. ## How to Immerse Remove all labels, stickers, and adhesive that you don't want on the item. The entire utensil must be submerged at once in the mikveh waters. Hold the item loosely so water can reach all surfaces, or immerse and release briefly. The utensil should be completely clean. Say the blessing before immersing. One blessing covers all items being immersed at that time. After immersion, the utensil is ready for use. ## The Blessing For items requiring a blessing: 'Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech HaOlam, asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al tevilat keli' (for one item) or 'al tevilat kelim' (for multiple items). Say the blessing, then immerse. Items of uncertain obligation (like ceramic) are immersed without a blessing. If you forgot the blessing, the items are still valid for use - just try to remember next time. ## Finding a Kelim Mikveh Most communities have a mikveh for immersing utensils, often adjacent to or part of a regular mikveh. Some synagogues have kelim mikvehs. In coastal areas, the ocean can be used. Natural lakes and rivers may also qualify if they meet mikveh requirements. Many Jewish communities have dedicated kelim mikveh facilities that are available 24 hours. Ask your local rabbi or community center for locations. ## Special Cases Electric appliances with metal or glass parts that contact food (like some mixers or toaster ovens) pose challenges. Some can be immersed if waterproof; others cannot. Consult a rabbi for specific appliances. Items made in Israel by Jews do not require immersion. If you received a gift and don't know if it was immersed, it's best to immerse it. Disposable items used once don't require immersion. **Related prayers:** [Tevillat Kelim](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tevillat-kelim) **Related guides:** [When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing) --- --- title: "How to Put On Tefillin: A Complete Guide" description: "Learn how to properly put on tefillin (phylacteries), including the order, blessings, wrapping technique, and when tefillin are worn." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tefillin-guide" --- # How to Put On Tefillin: A Complete Guide ## What are Tefillin? Tefillin are two black leather boxes containing parchment scrolls with Torah verses. One is worn on the arm (shel yad) and one on the head (shel rosh). The Torah commands us to bind these words 'as a sign upon your hand and as frontlets between your eyes' (Deuteronomy 6:8). Tefillin connect us to God physically and spiritually. ## When to Wear Tefillin Tefillin are worn during weekday morning prayers (Shacharit). They are not worn on Shabbat, Yom Tov (major holidays), or at night. The mitzvah begins at bar mitzvah (age 13). Many start practicing a month before. Tefillin should be put on after tallit, and the earliest time is when there is enough light to recognize a friend from a short distance. ## Putting On the Arm Tefillin 1) Remove the shel yad from its bag. 2) Place the box on your bicep (left arm for right-handed, right arm for left-handed), facing your heart. 3) Recite the blessing 'L'haniach tefillin' before tightening. 4) Tighten the strap and wrap it seven times around your forearm. 5) Wrap the remainder around your palm temporarily. Do not speak between putting on the arm and head tefillin. ## Putting On the Head Tefillin 1) Place the shel rosh on your head, centered above your forehead. The front edge should be at the hairline (or where the hairline was). 2) The knot sits at the base of the skull, not on the neck. 3) Say the blessing 'Al mitzvat tefillin' and then 'Baruch shem kevod malchuto l'olam va'ed' quietly. 4) Adjust until comfortable and centered. ## Wrapping the Hand After securing the head tefillin, unwrap the strap from your palm and wind it around your middle finger three times - once on the lower section, twice on the middle section. Then wrap the remaining strap around your palm in a pattern that forms the Hebrew letter 'shin' (ש). While wrapping the finger, many recite the verses 'V'eirastich li l'olam...' (I will betroth you to Me forever). ## Removing Tefillin After prayers, remove the tefillin in reverse order. First unwrap the hand, then remove the head tefillin while standing. Finally, remove the arm tefillin. Wrap the straps neatly and place them back in the bag with respect. Many have the custom to kiss the tefillin when putting them on and taking them off. **Related prayers:** [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit), [Morning Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/morning-blessings) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [How to Wear a Tallit: Complete Prayer Shawl Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tallit-guide) --- --- title: "How to Wear a Tallit: Complete Prayer Shawl Guide" description: "Learn how to properly wear a tallit (prayer shawl), including the blessing, wrapping customs, tzitzit requirements, and when the tallit is worn." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tallit-guide" --- # How to Wear a Tallit: Complete Prayer Shawl Guide ## What is a Tallit? A tallit is a four-cornered prayer shawl with tzitzit (fringes) on each corner. The Torah commands: 'Make for yourselves tzitzit on the corners of your garments' (Numbers 15:38). The tallit gadol (large tallit) is worn during morning prayers. It serves as a spiritual garment that helps create a sacred space for prayer and reminds us of all the commandments. ## When to Wear a Tallit The tallit gadol is worn during Shacharit (morning prayers) on weekdays, Shabbat, and holidays. It is not worn at Mincha or Maariv, except on Yom Kippur when it is worn all day. Many communities have the custom that only married men wear a tallit gadol, while unmarried men wear a tallit katan (small tallit) under their clothes. Customs vary by community. ## Inspecting the Tzitzit Before putting on the tallit, check that the tzitzit (fringes) are intact. Each corner should have eight strings (four folded through the hole). The strings should not be tangled or knotted incorrectly. If a string is torn, consult with a rabbi as the tallit may need repair. Separate any tangled strings before wrapping. ## The Blessing and Wrapping 1) Open the tallit and hold it with the atarah (crown/collar) facing you. 2) Recite the blessing 'L'hitatef b'tzitzit' (to wrap oneself in tzitzit). 3) Kiss the end of the atarah. 4) Swing the tallit over your head and wrap it around your shoulders momentarily, covering your head. 5) After a brief pause, let it rest on your shoulders. The custom of wrapping over the head is based on Sephardic tradition, though practices vary. ## Wearing the Tallit During Prayer During prayer, the tallit should rest comfortably on your shoulders. Many keep the tzitzit visible in front. During certain prayers like the Priestly Blessing, the tallit is pulled over the head. When called to the Torah, some wrap the tallit over their head while reciting the blessings. The tallit should be treated with respect as a sacred object. ## Folding and Storing After prayers, fold the tallit respectfully. Many fold it so the atarah remains on top for easy donning next time. Store the tallit in a tallit bag. If the tallit falls on the floor, many have the custom to kiss it when picking it up. Keep the tallit clean and have the tzitzit checked periodically to ensure they remain kosher. **Related prayers:** [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [How to Put On Tefillin: A Complete Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tefillin-guide) --- --- title: "Guide to Tehillim (Psalms): When and How to Recite" description: "Learn about the Book of Psalms (Tehillim), including which psalms to say for different occasions, the monthly cycle, and the spiritual power of Tehillim." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tehillim-guide" --- # Guide to Tehillim (Psalms): When and How to Recite ## What is Tehillim? Tehillim (Psalms) is a collection of 150 sacred poems and prayers, primarily written by King David. The Hebrew word 'Tehillim' means 'praises.' These timeless words express the full range of human emotion - from despair to joy, from fear to faith. Jews have recited Tehillim for thousands of years in times of need and celebration. ## The Daily Psalm Each day of the week has a designated psalm recited at the end of Shacharit: Sunday - Psalm 24, Monday - Psalm 48, Tuesday - Psalm 82, Wednesday - Psalm 94, Thursday - Psalm 81, Friday - Psalm 93, Shabbat - Psalm 92. These correspond to what the Levites sang in the Temple on each day. ## Monthly Cycle of Tehillim Many Jews complete the entire book of Tehillim each month. The 150 psalms are divided into 30 sections, one for each day of the Hebrew month. On Rosh Chodesh, many say the full Tehillim. This practice is especially common in Chassidic and Sephardic communities. Reading Tehillim daily connects one to King David's words constantly. ## Psalms for Healing When praying for someone who is ill, these psalms are commonly recited: Psalm 6, 13, 20, 23, 30, 41, 88, 103, 119, and 142. Some recite the psalms whose first letters spell the sick person's name. Psalm 119 is particularly used since it's an acrostic - you can read sections corresponding to each letter of the person's Hebrew name. ## Psalms for Different Occasions Different psalms are recited for various needs: Protection/Travel - Psalm 91 (Yoshev b'seter), Livelihood - Psalm 23 (The Lord is my shepherd), Gratitude - Psalm 100 (Mizmor l'todah), Before prayer - Psalm 51, Finding a spouse - Psalm 32, Childbirth - Psalm 20, Repentance - Psalm 51, Times of distress - Psalms 20, 121, 130. Many say Psalm 27 during Elul and Tishrei. ## How to Recite Tehillim Tehillim can be recited anytime, though preferably during daylight hours. Many begin with 'L'shem yichud' (a declaration of intent) and conclude with 'Yehi ratzon' (a prayer for acceptance). Say the words carefully, even if you don't understand Hebrew - the words themselves have spiritual power. It's customary to mention names of those you're praying for before or after. **Related prayers:** [Tehillim](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) **Related guides:** [Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema), [The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/amidah-guide) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Musaf: The Additional Prayer for the New Month" description: "Learn about the Musaf prayer for Rosh Chodesh (the new month). Understand its structure, unique additions, and the significance of the new month in Jewish life." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/roshchodeshmusaf-guide" --- # Rosh Chodesh Musaf: The Additional Prayer for the New Month ## What is Rosh Chodesh? Rosh Chodesh (Head of the Month) marks the beginning of each new Jewish month, coinciding with the new moon. In Temple times, Rosh Chodesh was a minor holiday with special sacrifices. Today, it retains special observances including Hallel, Torah reading, and the Musaf prayer. Some months have one day of Rosh Chodesh, others have two. Women have a special connection to Rosh Chodesh and some have the custom not to do certain work. ## Structure of Musaf for Rosh Chodesh The Rosh Chodesh Musaf follows the standard Amidah structure with seven blessings, but the middle blessing is special for Rosh Chodesh. It acknowledges God's designation of the new months for His people, recalls the Temple sacrifices for Rosh Chodesh, and asks for the month to bring goodness and blessing. Unlike Shabbat and holiday Musaf, there is no kedushah addition in the repetition for the individual Amidah. ## When is Musaf Recited? Musaf for Rosh Chodesh is recited after the Shacharit service, following the Torah reading and Hallel. It should ideally be recited before the end of the seventh halachic hour of the day. If that time passes, it can still be said until sunset. Musaf is recited both when praying alone and with a minyan. When with a minyan, the Amidah is repeated by the prayer leader. ## Ya'aleh V'yavo In addition to Musaf, we add 'Ya'aleh V'yavo' to the regular Amidah prayers (Shacharit and Mincha) and to Birkat Hamazon on Rosh Chodesh. This insertion asks God to remember us for good on this special day. If you forget Ya'aleh V'yavo in Shacharit, you don't repeat the Amidah since you'll say Musaf. In Mincha or Birkat Hamazon, forgetting may require repetition - consult halachic guidelines. ## Hallel on Rosh Chodesh On Rosh Chodesh, we recite 'Half Hallel' - the Hallel psalms with two sections omitted (the beginning of Psalms 115 and 116). This is because Rosh Chodesh, while special, is not a full holiday. The blessing before Hallel on Rosh Chodesh is 'likro et haHallel' (to read the Hallel), not 'ligmor' (to complete). Hallel is recited with great joy, praising God for the renewal of the month. ## The Significance of Rosh Chodesh Rosh Chodesh represents renewal and new beginnings. Just as the moon wanes and then renews itself, we too have the opportunity to renew ourselves each month. The Jewish calendar's lunar basis connects us to natural cycles and reminds us that even after darkness, light returns. Historically, the declaration of Rosh Chodesh was a central communal event, with witnesses testifying to seeing the new moon before the Sanhedrin. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf) **Related guides:** [Guide to Hallel: Psalms of Praise](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/hallel-guide), [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit) --- --- title: "Kiddush Levanah: Blessing the New Moon" description: "Learn about Kiddush Levanah, the monthly blessing over the moon. Includes when to recite it, the prayers, customs, and the beautiful symbolism of this unique mitzvah." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddushlevanah-guide" --- # Kiddush Levanah: Blessing the New Moon ## What is Kiddush Levanah? Kiddush Levanah (Sanctification of the Moon) is a blessing recited once a month when the moon is visible and waxing (growing). We thank God for creating the moon and its cycles, which mark our calendar and symbolize Jewish renewal. The ceremony is performed outdoors where the moon is visible, and has a joyous, communal atmosphere. It's considered a way of greeting the Divine Presence. ## When to Recite Kiddush Levanah Kiddush Levanah is recited between the third day after the new moon (molad) and the middle of the month (approximately day 15). The preferred time is on Saturday night after Shabbat, when people are dressed nicely and in a joyous mood. It should not be recited before three days have passed since the molad, and cannot be recited once the moon begins to wane (after approximately the 15th of the month). ## The Ceremony The ceremony is performed outdoors under the open sky where the moon is clearly visible. It's traditionally done standing, facing the moon. The service includes the main blessing ('Blessed are You... who created the heavens'), Psalms, and joyous declarations. Participants often greet each other with 'Shalom Aleichem' and dance. The ceremony concludes with prayers for the restoration of the moon to its original glory. ## The Blessing and Prayers The central blessing is: 'Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who with His word created the heavens, and with the breath of His mouth all their hosts...' After the blessing, we say 'David Melech Yisrael chai v'kayam' (David, King of Israel, lives and endures) three times, and greet others with 'Shalom Aleichem.' Aleinu and other concluding prayers follow. Some recite additional Psalms and prayers. ## Symbolism of the Moon The Jewish people are compared to the moon - we wax and wane throughout history but always renew ourselves. Just as the moon reflects the sun's light, we reflect God's light into the world. The prayer includes the hope that the moon will be restored to its original glory - a mystical reference to the messianic era. The monthly renewal of the moon mirrors our capacity for teshuvah and renewal. ## Customs and Conditions Kiddush Levanah should not be recited if the moon is covered by clouds - you must be able to see it. It's not said during the Nine Days before Tisha B'Av or on Yom Kippur night (though some say it immediately after the fast). Many wait until after Tisha B'Av or Yom Kippur to say it in a more joyous state. Some have the custom to jump three times toward the moon during the ceremony. **Related prayers:** [Kiddush Levanah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddush-levanah) **Related guides:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf: The Additional Prayer for the New Month](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/roshchodeshmusaf-guide) --- --- title: "Blessings for the Haftarah: Before and After the Prophetic Reading" description: "Learn the blessings recited before and after the Haftarah, the prophetic reading that follows the Torah portion. Understand who recites them and their meaning." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/birchothahaftarah-guide" --- # Blessings for the Haftarah: Before and After the Prophetic Reading ## What is the Haftarah? The Haftarah is a selection from the Prophets (Nevi'im) read after the Torah reading on Shabbat, holidays, and fast days. The word 'Haftarah' means 'conclusion' or 'dismissal.' The Haftarah portion usually has a thematic connection to the Torah reading of the week. This tradition dates back at least 2,000 years, possibly originating when public Torah reading was forbidden. ## The Blessing Before the Haftarah Before reading the Haftarah, one blessing is recited: 'Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who chose good prophets and desired their words which were spoken in truth. Blessed are You, Lord, who chose the Torah, Moses His servant, Israel His people, and prophets of truth and righteousness.' This blessing acknowledges the divine origin of prophetic teachings. ## The Blessings After the Haftarah After the Haftarah, four blessings are recited: 1) Praising God for His faithfulness and the truth of His words. 2) Asking for mercy on Zion and Jerusalem. 3) Asking for the coming of Elijah and the Davidic monarchy. 4) Thanking God for the sanctity of Shabbat (on Shabbat) or the holiday (on festivals). On Shabbat that falls on a holiday, both are mentioned in the final blessing. ## Who Reads the Haftarah? The Haftarah is read by the person called up for 'Maftir' - the final Torah aliyah. The Maftir reads a short portion (usually a repetition of the last verses of the parsha), then chants the Haftarah with its blessings. A minor may read the Haftarah according to many customs. The Haftarah is traditionally chanted using a special cantillation (trope) different from the Torah's. ## Special Haftarot Certain Shabbatot have special Haftarot that supersede the regular one: the 'Three of Affliction' before Tisha B'Av, the 'Seven of Consolation' after Tisha B'Av, and special Haftarot for holidays and occasions like Shabbat HaGadol, Shabbat Shuva, and Shabbat Chanukah. When two or more occasions coincide, there are rules about which Haftarah takes precedence. ## Learning the Haftarah For bar/bat mitzvah preparation, learning the Haftarah is often a central focus. This includes learning the text, the trope (cantillation), and the blessings. Many recordings and resources are available to help learn the unique melody. The Am Hazak app includes the Haftarah texts and blessings to help with preparation and following along during services. **Related prayers:** [Blessings for Haftarah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birchot-ha-haftarah) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit) --- --- title: "Prayer for the State of Israel: Meaning and Significance" description: "Learn about the Prayer for the State of Israel recited in synagogues. Understand its history, text, and the significance of praying for the modern Jewish homeland." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/stateofisrael-guide" --- # Prayer for the State of Israel: Meaning and Significance ## Origins of the Prayer The Prayer for the State of Israel was composed shortly after Israel's establishment in 1948. The chief rabbis of Israel, Rabbi Isaac Herzog and Rabbi Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel, authored the prayer to be recited in synagogues worldwide. It is typically said on Shabbat morning after the Torah reading, though customs vary by community. ## The Text of the Prayer The prayer asks God to bless the State of Israel, calling it 'the first flowering of our redemption.' It prays for the protection of Israel's inhabitants and soldiers, for peace, for wise leadership, and for unity among all Jews. The prayer reflects hope that the modern state represents the beginning of the prophetic promises of return and redemption. ## When is it Recited? Most communities that recite this prayer do so on Shabbat and Jewish holidays after the Torah reading, before returning the Torah to the ark. Some also say it on Israel Independence Day (Yom HaAtzmaut). The prayer is often followed by a prayer for the welfare of the Israel Defense Forces. Customs vary - some communities recite it every week, others only on special occasions. ## Theological Significance The prayer describes Israel as 'reishit tzemichat geulateinu' - the beginning of the flowering of our redemption. This phrase reflects the belief that the establishment of Israel represents the beginning of the messianic process foretold by the prophets. By reciting this prayer, Jews worldwide express their connection to and hope for the Land of Israel and its role in Jewish destiny. ## Prayer for the IDF Many communities also recite a prayer for the welfare of Israel's soldiers (Chayalei Tzahal). This prayer asks God to protect those who defend the Land of Israel, to deliver them from danger, and to grant them success. It reflects the community's gratitude and concern for those who protect the Jewish homeland, and is often recited immediately after the Prayer for the State of Israel. ## Variations and Customs Not all Jewish communities recite this prayer. Some ultra-Orthodox communities omit it due to theological reservations about the secular state. Reform and Conservative movements have created alternative versions. Some communities add prayers for peace and for Israeli-Palestinian reconciliation. The prayer continues to evolve as Israel's situation changes and as communities reflect on their relationship with the state. **Related prayers:** [Prayer for Israel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/state-of-israel) **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit) --- --- title: "Tikkun Chatzot: The Midnight Lamentation" description: "Learn about Tikkun Chatzot, the mystical midnight prayer mourning the destruction of the Temple. Understand its origins, structure, and spiritual significance." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tikkunchatzot-guide" --- # Tikkun Chatzot: The Midnight Lamentation ## What is Tikkun Chatzot? Tikkun Chatzot (Midnight Rectification) is a prayer service recited at midnight, mourning the destruction of the Temple and the exile of the Divine Presence (Shechinah). This practice is rooted in Kabbalistic tradition, based on the teaching that midnight is a time when God mourns for His children's suffering and is especially receptive to prayers. King David is said to have risen at midnight to sing to God. ## Structure: Tikkun Rachel and Tikkun Leah Tikkun Chatzot is divided into two parts: Tikkun Rachel and Tikkun Leah. Tikkun Rachel is recited while sitting on the ground (as mourners do), focusing on lamentation for the exile and destruction. It includes Psalm 137 ('By the rivers of Babylon') and kinot (elegies). Tikkun Leah, recited after standing, focuses on hope and redemption. It includes Psalms of praise and longing for God's presence. ## When is it Recited? Tikkun Chatzot is recited at halachic midnight (chatzot), which is the midpoint between sunset and sunrise - not necessarily 12:00 AM. On nights before Shabbat or holidays, and during certain joyous periods, Tikkun Rachel is omitted and only Tikkun Leah is said, if at all. On Shabbat and most holidays, Tikkun Chatzot is not recited. The practice is most common among Sephardic and Kabbalistic communities. ## The Kabbalistic Meaning According to Kabbalah, the exile affects not just the Jewish people but the spiritual worlds as well. The Shechinah (Divine Presence) is said to be in exile with Israel. At midnight, the supernal court convenes, and spiritual 'tikkunim' (repairs) are possible. By mourning and praying at this hour, one participates in repairing the cosmic damage caused by exile and hastening redemption. ## Who Recites Tikkun Chatzot? Tikkun Chatzot is most commonly observed by those following Kabbalistic practices, particularly Sephardic Jews and Hasidim. The Arizal (Rabbi Isaac Luria) strongly encouraged this practice. While not obligatory for all Jews, it is considered a praiseworthy practice for those who can wake at midnight. Some recite it regularly, others only during the Three Weeks before Tisha B'Av. ## Physical Customs During Tikkun Rachel, one sits on the ground or a low seat, as mourners do during shiva. Some place ashes on their forehead where the tefillin is worn, symbolizing mourning for Jerusalem. The prayers are recited in a mournful tone. Some kindle a small candle. The atmosphere is one of genuine grief for the destruction, combined with hope for rebuilding. One should approach this practice with solemnity and intention. **Related prayers:** [Tikkun Chatzot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tikkun-chatzot) --- --- title: "Understanding the Siddur: Your Guide to the Jewish Prayer Book" description: "A comprehensive introduction to the Siddur, the Jewish prayer book. Learn its history, structure, different versions, and how to navigate this essential text." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/siddur-guide" --- # Understanding the Siddur: Your Guide to the Jewish Prayer Book ## What is a Siddur? The Siddur (from the Hebrew word 'seder' meaning order) is the Jewish prayer book containing the daily, Shabbat, and holiday prayers. It provides the fixed texts and order of services that Jews have recited for centuries. The Siddur is not just a book of prayers - it's a guide to Jewish spirituality, containing blessings, psalms, Torah readings, and instructions for proper observance. ## History of the Siddur For centuries, prayers were transmitted orally. The first written prayer compilation is attributed to Rav Amram Gaon in 9th-century Babylon. Rav Saadia Gaon created another important version. With the invention of the printing press, siddurim became widely available. Over time, different communities developed their own versions (nuschaot), reflecting local customs and Kabbalistic influences. ## Different Nuschaot (Versions) Major siddur versions include: Nusach Ashkenaz (Western/Central European tradition), Nusach Sefard (Eastern European, Hasidic - influenced by Kabbalah), Nusach Edot HaMizrach (Sephardic/Middle Eastern), and Nusach Ari (based on the Arizal's Kabbalistic teachings). While the core prayers are the same, there are differences in wording, additional prayers, and order of certain sections. ## Structure of the Siddur A typical siddur includes: Morning Blessings (Birchot HaShachar), Pesukei D'Zimra (Verses of Praise), Shacharit (Morning Service), Torah Reading, Musaf (Additional Service for Shabbat/holidays), Mincha (Afternoon Service), Maariv (Evening Service), Bedtime Shema, Blessings for various occasions, and special prayers for holidays. The Am Hazak app organizes these prayers for easy access. ## Using the Siddur When using a siddur, find the appropriate service for the time of day. Page numbers or section titles help navigation. Hebrew text is typically on the right page with translation on the left. Instructions within the siddur indicate when to stand, bow, or add special insertions. Don't be intimidated - start with the core prayers (Shema, Amidah) and gradually add more sections as you become comfortable. ## The Siddur as Spiritual Guide Beyond being a prayer book, the siddur is a guide to Jewish thought and values. Its prayers express gratitude, humility, hope, and connection to Jewish history. Regular use of the siddur creates a rhythm of sacred time in daily life. Many find that the fixed prayers provide words when personal expression is difficult. The siddur connects individual Jews to the worldwide Jewish community praying the same words. **Related guides:** [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit), [How to Pray Mincha: A Guide to the Afternoon Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-mincha), [How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-maariv) --- # Major Holidays --- --- title: "Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה)" description: "Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, is a time of spiritual renewal and reflection. It marks the beginning of the High Ho" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashanah" --- # Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה) Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, is a time of spiritual renewal and reflection. It marks the beginning of the High Holy Days and the start of the Ten Days of Repentance leading to Yom Kippur. The holiday celebrates the creation of the world and is a time for introspection, prayer, and connecting with God. ## When Is Rosh Hashanah? Rosh Hashanah is observed on the 1st and 2nd of Tishrei, typically falling in September or early October. Services begin the evening before and continue through both days, with the shofar blown during morning services. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, September 11, 2026 – Sunday, September 13, 2026 - **2027**: Friday, October 1, 2027 – Sunday, October 3, 2027 ## Significance Rosh Hashanah is considered the Day of Judgment when God inscribes the fate of all people for the coming year in the Book of Life. The central mitzvah is hearing the shofar, the ram's horn, which calls Jews to repentance and spiritual awakening. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What are the main prayers for Rosh Hashanah?** The main prayers for Rosh Hashanah include the Machzor (High Holiday prayer book), Unetaneh Tokef, Avinu Malkeinu, the Shofar service with its blessings, and the Musaf Amidah with Malchuyot (Sovereignty), Zichronot (Remembrance), and Shofarot sections. The Tashlich prayer is also recited near water. **How many times is the shofar blown on Rosh Hashanah?** Traditionally, the shofar is blown 100 times on each day of Rosh Hashanah (30 during the Torah service and 70 during Musaf), though customs vary by community. The shofar is not blown when Rosh Hashanah falls on Shabbat. **What is Tashlich and when is it performed?** Tashlich is a ceremony where Jews symbolically cast their sins into a body of water by reciting prayers and shaking out their pockets near a river, lake, or ocean. It is traditionally performed on the first afternoon of Rosh Hashanah, or later during the Ten Days of Repentance if the first day falls on Shabbat. **What special foods are eaten on Rosh Hashanah?** Traditional Rosh Hashanah foods include apples dipped in honey (for a sweet new year), round challah (symbolizing the cycle of the year), pomegranates (symbolizing abundance), and the head of a fish or ram (to be 'like a head, not a tail'). Each food is accompanied by a special blessing for the new year. **Related prayers:** [Tashlich](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tashlich), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Yom Kippur (יום כיפור)" description: "Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. It is a 25-hour period of fasting, prayer, " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-kippur" --- # Yom Kippur (יום כיפור) Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. It is a 25-hour period of fasting, prayer, and repentance, concluding the Ten Days of Repentance that began on Rosh Hashanah. Jews seek forgiveness from God and from those they have wronged. ## When Is Yom Kippur? Yom Kippur is observed on the 10th of Tishrei, beginning at sundown the evening before and ending after nightfall the following day. The fast lasts approximately 25 hours, with five prayer services throughout the day. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Sunday, September 20, 2026 – Monday, September 21, 2026 - **2027**: Sunday, October 10, 2027 – Monday, October 11, 2027 ## Significance Yom Kippur is believed to be the day when God seals the fate inscribed on Rosh Hashanah. Through sincere repentance, prayer, and charity, Jews believe they can change a negative decree. The day ends with the Neilah service and a final blast of the shofar. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What are the five prayer services on Yom Kippur?** Yom Kippur has five prayer services: Maariv (evening service beginning with Kol Nidre), Shacharit (morning service), Musaf (additional service including the Avodah), Mincha (afternoon service including the Book of Jonah), and Neilah (the closing service unique to Yom Kippur). **What is Kol Nidre?** Kol Nidre is the opening prayer of Yom Kippur, recited at the evening service just before sunset. It annuls unfulfilled vows made to God during the coming year. The haunting melody of Kol Nidre is one of the most recognizable in Jewish liturgy. **What is forbidden on Yom Kippur?** On Yom Kippur, five activities are forbidden: eating and drinking, washing for pleasure, applying lotions or oils, wearing leather shoes, and marital relations. These restrictions help focus the day entirely on spiritual matters and repentance. **What is the Neilah service?** Neilah ('closing') is the final prayer service of Yom Kippur, recited as the day ends and the 'gates of heaven' are about to close. It is the most intense and emotional service, ending with the congregation declaring 'Shema Yisrael' and a long shofar blast. **Related prayers:** [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Sukkot (סוכות)" description: "Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles, is a seven-day harvest festival commemorating the Israelites' 40-year journey in the d" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sukkot" --- # Sukkot (סוכות) Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles, is a seven-day harvest festival commemorating the Israelites' 40-year journey in the desert when they lived in temporary shelters. Jews build and dwell in a sukkah (temporary hut) and wave the Four Species (lulav, etrog, hadassim, and aravot). ## When Is Sukkot? Sukkot begins on the 15th of Tishrei, five days after Yom Kippur, typically in September or October. The seven-day festival is followed by Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah. Jews eat meals and, when possible, sleep in the sukkah. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, September 25, 2026 – Friday, October 2, 2026 - **2027**: Friday, October 15, 2027 – Friday, October 22, 2027 ## Significance Sukkot celebrates God's protection during the Israelites' desert wanderings and the autumn harvest. Living in the sukkah reminds us of life's fragility and our dependence on God. It is called 'Z'man Simchateinu' (Season of Our Joy), as it is considered the most joyous of the festivals. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What blessings are said when sitting in the sukkah?** When eating in the sukkah, the blessing 'Leishev BaSukkah' (to dwell in the sukkah) is recited after the blessing over bread or other foods. On the first night, Shehecheyanu is also added. The blessing thanks God for commanding us to dwell in booths. **What is the blessing over the Four Species?** The blessing 'Al Netilat Lulav' is recited while holding the lulav (palm), hadassim (myrtle), and aravot (willow) in the right hand and the etrog (citron) in the left. After the blessing, the species are brought together and waved in six directions (right, left, forward, up, down, backward). **What are Hoshanot?** Hoshanot are prayers recited while circling the bimah (Torah reading platform) with the Four Species during Sukkot morning services. On Hoshana Rabbah (the 7th day), seven circuits are made, and willow branches are beaten on the ground while special prayers are recited. **Is Hallel recited on Sukkot?** Full Hallel with a blessing is recited on all seven days of Sukkot, as well as on Shemini Atzeret. This is unique among festivals, as on Passover only half Hallel is said on most days. The Hallel is recited while holding the lulav and etrog. **Related prayers:** [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel), [Eruv Tavshilin](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/eruv-tavshilin) --- --- title: "Chanukah (חנוכה)" description: "Chanukah, the Festival of Lights, celebrates the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem after the Maccabean vict" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chanukah" --- # Chanukah (חנוכה) Chanukah, the Festival of Lights, celebrates the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem after the Maccabean victory over the Seleucid Empire. The eight-day festival commemorates the miracle of the oil that burned for eight days when there was only enough for one. ## When Is Chanukah? Chanukah begins on the 25th of Kislev, typically falling in November or December. Each night for eight nights, an additional candle is lit on the menorah (chanukiah), beginning with one candle and ending with eight. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, December 4, 2026 – Saturday, December 12, 2026 ## Significance Chanukah celebrates religious freedom and the triumph of faith over oppression. The lighting of the menorah publicizes the miracle and serves as a reminder of God's protection. The holiday also emphasizes the importance of religious identity and perseverance. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What blessings are recited when lighting Chanukah candles?** Three blessings are recited on the first night: the blessing over the candles (Lehadlik Ner), the blessing for the miracles (She'asah Nisim), and the Shehecheyanu (for reaching this season). On subsequent nights, only the first two blessings are said. **What is Al Hanissim?** Al Hanissim ('For the Miracles') is a special paragraph added to the Amidah prayer and Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals) throughout Chanukah. It thanks God for the miracles performed for the Maccabees and the miracle of the oil. **Is Hallel recited on Chanukah?** Full Hallel is recited every day of Chanukah, unlike other holidays where half Hallel may be said. This is because each day of Chanukah commemorates a separate miracle, making each day independently significant. **What time should Chanukah candles be lit?** Chanukah candles are traditionally lit at nightfall (approximately 25-30 minutes after sunset), though some light at sunset. On Friday, candles are lit before Shabbat candles, and on Saturday night, after Havdalah. The candles should burn for at least 30 minutes after nightfall. **Related prayers:** [Chanukah Candle Lighting](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/chanukah-candle-lighting), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Purim (פורים)" description: "Purim commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman's plot to destroy them, as recorded i" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim" --- # Purim (פורים) Purim commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman's plot to destroy them, as recorded in the Book of Esther. The joyous holiday is celebrated with reading the Megillah, giving gifts, charity to the poor, and a festive meal. ## When Is Purim? Purim is observed on the 14th of Adar (15th in walled cities like Jerusalem), typically falling in February or March. The Megillah is read twice - once in the evening and once in the morning. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, March 2, 2026 – Tuesday, March 3, 2026 ## Significance Purim celebrates the hidden miracles of God and the bravery of Queen Esther and Mordechai. Unlike other holidays, God's name is not mentioned in the Megillah, teaching that divine providence works through natural events. The holiday emphasizes Jewish unity and the power of prayer. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What blessings are recited before reading the Megillah?** Three blessings are recited before the evening Megillah reading: the blessing for reading the Megillah, the blessing for the miracles (She'asah Nisim), and Shehecheyanu. In the morning, only the first two blessings are recited. After the reading, a blessing thanking God for fighting our battles is said. **What are the four mitzvot of Purim?** The four mitzvot of Purim are: reading/hearing the Megillah (twice), giving gifts of food to friends (Mishloach Manot), giving charity to the poor (Matanot LaEvyonim), and having a festive meal (Seudat Purim). Each has associated prayers and blessings. **Is Al Hanissim added on Purim?** Yes, Al Hanissim is added to the Amidah and Birkat Hamazon on Purim, just as it is on Chanukah. The Purim version recounts the story of Mordechai and Esther and thanks God for saving the Jewish people from Haman's plot. **What is the Fast of Esther?** The Fast of Esther (Ta'anit Esther) is observed on the 13th of Adar, the day before Purim. It commemorates the fast that Queen Esther and the Jewish people observed before she approached King Achashverosh. Special prayers are added to the services. **Related prayers:** [Megillat Esther](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/megillat-esther), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Passover (פסח)" description: "Passover (Pesach) commemorates the Exodus of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery. It is one of the three pilgrimage fes" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/passover" --- # Passover (פסח) Passover (Pesach) commemorates the Exodus of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery. It is one of the three pilgrimage festivals and is celebrated with the Seder meal, the telling of the Exodus story, and the eating of matzah (unleavened bread) for seven or eight days. ## When Is Passover? Passover begins on the 15th of Nisan, typically in March or April. The Seder is held on the first night (first two nights outside Israel). The festival lasts seven days in Israel and eight days in the diaspora. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Wednesday, April 1, 2026 – Thursday, April 9, 2026 - **2027**: Wednesday, April 21, 2027 – Thursday, April 29, 2027 ## Significance Passover celebrates freedom and the birth of the Jewish nation. The Seder retells the Exodus story, and eating matzah recalls that the Israelites left Egypt in such haste that their bread did not have time to rise. The holiday emphasizes themes of liberation and renewal. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What prayers are unique to the Passover Seder?** The Seder includes many unique prayers and rituals from the Haggadah: the Four Questions (Mah Nishtanah), Maggid (telling the Exodus story), Hallel (psalms of praise), the blessing over matzah, the blessing for maror (bitter herbs), and various songs like Dayenu and Chad Gadya. **What is the prayer for searching for chametz?** Before Passover, Jews perform Bedikat Chametz (searching for leavened bread) with a candle, feather, and wooden spoon. A blessing is recited before the search, and afterward, the Kol Chamira declaration nullifies any unseen chametz. The next morning, Biur Chametz (burning the chametz) is performed. **What is the Omer counting?** Beginning on the second night of Passover, Jews count the Omer for 49 days until Shavuot. Each night, a blessing is recited followed by stating the day number. This period connects the physical freedom of Passover to the spiritual freedom of receiving the Torah on Shavuot. **Is Hallel recited during Passover?** Full Hallel is recited on the first two days of Passover (first day only in Israel). Half Hallel is recited on the remaining days because the Egyptians, who were also God's creations, drowned in the sea. Hallel is also part of the Seder on the first nights. **Related prayers:** [Passover Chametz](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/passover-chametz), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel), [Sefirat HaOmer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/sefirat-ha-omer) --- --- title: "Shavuot (שבועות)" description: "Shavuot, the Feast of Weeks, commemorates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. It falls exactly 49 days (seven weeks)" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shavuot" --- # Shavuot (שבועות) Shavuot, the Feast of Weeks, commemorates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. It falls exactly 49 days (seven weeks) after Passover, marking the culmination of the Omer counting period. The holiday celebrates both the wheat harvest and the spiritual harvest of receiving God's teachings. ## When Is Shavuot? Shavuot is observed on the 6th of Sivan, typically in May or June. In the diaspora, it is celebrated for two days (6th and 7th of Sivan), while in Israel it is one day. Many communities stay up all night studying Torah (Tikkun Leil Shavuot). ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, May 21, 2026 – Saturday, May 23, 2026 - **2027**: Thursday, June 10, 2027 – Saturday, June 12, 2027 ## Significance Shavuot commemorates the most important event in Jewish history—the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. It represents the spiritual purpose of the Exodus: the Israelites were freed from Egypt not just for physical liberation, but to receive the Torah and become a holy nation devoted to God's service. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What are the main prayers and customs of Shavuot?** Shavuot customs include staying up all night studying Torah (Tikkun Leil Shavuot), reciting Akdamut (an Aramaic poem) before the Torah reading, reading the Book of Ruth, reciting Yizkor (memorial prayers), and saying Hallel. The Ten Commandments are read from the Torah. **Why do we read the Book of Ruth on Shavuot?** The Book of Ruth is read on Shavuot for several reasons: Ruth accepted the Torah and converted to Judaism, the story takes place during the harvest season, Ruth was an ancestor of King David (who was born and died on Shavuot), and her dedication to Torah values exemplifies the commitment we celebrate on this holiday. **What is Tikkun Leil Shavuot?** Tikkun Leil Shavuot is the custom of staying up all night on the first night of Shavuot to study Torah. This tradition commemorates the Israelites who overslept on the morning of receiving the Torah and had to be awakened by God. By staying awake, we demonstrate our eagerness to receive the Torah. **Why do we eat dairy foods on Shavuot?** Several reasons are given for eating dairy on Shavuot: after receiving the Torah with its kosher laws, the Israelites could not eat their existing meat dishes; the Torah is compared to milk and honey; the numerical value of the Hebrew word for milk (chalav) equals 40, corresponding to Moses's 40 days on Mount Sinai. **Related prayers:** [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Tisha B'Av (תשעה באב)" description: "Tisha B'Av (the 9th of Av) is the saddest day in the Jewish calendar, marking the destruction of both the First and Seco" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tisha-bav" --- # Tisha B'Av (תשעה באב) Tisha B'Av (the 9th of Av) is the saddest day in the Jewish calendar, marking the destruction of both the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. It is a 25-hour fast day observed with mourning, prayer, and the reading of the Book of Lamentations (Eicha). ## When Is Tisha B'Av? Tisha B'Av is observed on the 9th of Av, typically falling in July or August. The fast begins at sunset the evening before and lasts until nightfall the following day. When the 9th falls on Shabbat, the fast is postponed to Sunday. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Wednesday, July 22, 2026 – Thursday, July 23, 2026 - **2027**: Wednesday, August 11, 2027 – Thursday, August 12, 2027 ## Significance Tisha B'Av commemorates multiple tragedies in Jewish history, including the destruction of both Temples, the fall of Betar, and the expulsion from Spain. It is a day of deep mourning and reflection on Jewish suffering and resilience throughout history. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What are the restrictions on Tisha B'Av?** Tisha B'Av has five restrictions similar to Yom Kippur: no eating or drinking, no washing for pleasure, no applying lotions, no wearing leather shoes, and no marital relations. Additionally, Torah study (which brings joy) is limited to sorrowful texts, and sitting on regular chairs is avoided until midday. **What is read on Tisha B'Av?** The Book of Lamentations (Eicha) is read on Tisha B'Av evening, followed by kinot (elegies) in the morning service. The kinot mourn the destruction of both Temples, the Crusades, and other tragedies in Jewish history. **What other tragedies occurred on Tisha B'Av?** According to tradition, five major calamities occurred on the 9th of Av: the spies' evil report about the Land of Israel, the destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE), the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE), the fall of Betar (135 CE), and the plowing of the Temple site. --- --- title: "Shmini Atzeret (שמיני עצרת)" description: "Shmini Atzeret (the Eighth Day of Assembly) immediately follows the seven days of Sukkot. It is a separate holiday in it" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shmini-atzeret" --- # Shmini Atzeret (שמיני עצרת) Shmini Atzeret (the Eighth Day of Assembly) immediately follows the seven days of Sukkot. It is a separate holiday in its own right, featuring the prayer for rain (Tefilat Geshem) and the Yizkor memorial service. In Israel, it is combined with Simchat Torah. ## When Is Shmini Atzeret? Shmini Atzeret is observed on the 22nd of Tishrei, the day after Sukkot ends, typically in October. In Israel, Simchat Torah is celebrated on the same day. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, October 3, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, October 23, 2027 ## Significance Shmini Atzeret is understood as God asking the Jewish people to stay an extra day after Sukkot, like a king who asks his children to linger. The prayer for rain marks the transition to the rainy season in Israel. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is the difference between Shmini Atzeret and Sukkot?** Shmini Atzeret is a separate holiday from Sukkot, even though it follows immediately after. We no longer sit in the sukkah (in Israel) or wave the Four Species. The holiday has its own unique kiddush, and we recite Yizkor and the prayer for rain (Tefilat Geshem). **Is Shmini Atzeret different in Israel and the diaspora?** In Israel, Shmini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are combined on a single day (22nd of Tishrei). In the diaspora, Shmini Atzeret is observed on the 22nd and Simchat Torah on the 23rd as separate days. **Related prayers:** [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Simchat Torah (שמחת תורה)" description: "Simchat Torah (Rejoicing with the Torah) celebrates the completion and restart of the annual Torah reading cycle. It is " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/simchat-torah" --- # Simchat Torah (שמחת תורה) Simchat Torah (Rejoicing with the Torah) celebrates the completion and restart of the annual Torah reading cycle. It is marked by joyous dancing with Torah scrolls (hakafot) and the reading of the final and first portions of the Torah. ## When Is Simchat Torah? In the diaspora, Simchat Torah is observed on the 23rd of Tishrei, the day after Shmini Atzeret. In Israel, it is combined with Shmini Atzeret on the 22nd of Tishrei. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Sunday, October 4, 2026 - **2027**: Sunday, October 24, 2027 ## Significance Simchat Torah celebrates the Jewish people's eternal connection to the Torah. By immediately beginning the reading cycle anew after completing it, we demonstrate that Torah study has no end and is always fresh and relevant. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What are hakafot?** Hakafot are joyous processions in which all the Torah scrolls are removed from the ark and carried around the synagogue while the congregation dances and sings. There are seven hakafot on Simchat Torah night and morning. **What Torah portions are read on Simchat Torah?** On Simchat Torah, the final portion of Deuteronomy (V'Zot HaBerachah) is read to complete the Torah cycle, and immediately afterward, the first chapter of Genesis (Bereishit) is read to begin the cycle anew, symbolizing the eternal nature of Torah study. **Related prayers:** [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- # Minor Holidays --- --- title: "Tu BiShvat (ט"ו בשבט)" description: "Tu BiShvat (the 15th of Shevat) is the New Year for Trees. It marks the beginning of a new agricultural cycle for tithin" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bishvat" --- # Tu BiShvat (ט"ו בשבט) Tu BiShvat (the 15th of Shevat) is the New Year for Trees. It marks the beginning of a new agricultural cycle for tithing fruit in ancient Israel. Today it is celebrated by eating fruits, especially those associated with the Land of Israel, and planting trees. ## When Is Tu BiShvat? Tu BiShvat is observed on the 15th of Shevat, typically falling in January or February. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, February 2, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, January 23, 2027 ## Significance Tu BiShvat connects the Jewish people to the Land of Israel and the natural world. It has become an ecological holiday emphasizing environmental stewardship and appreciation for God's creation. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is a Tu BiShvat seder?** A Tu BiShvat seder is a special meal developed by the Kabbalists of Safed in the 16th century, modeled on the Passover seder. It features four cups of wine (progressing from white to red) and fruits and nuts associated with the Land of Israel, including the seven species. **What fruits are traditionally eaten on Tu BiShvat?** Traditional Tu BiShvat fruits include the seven species of the Land of Israel: wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, and dates. Many also eat other tree fruits like almonds, carob, and etrogim (citrons). --- --- title: "Lag BaOmer (ל"ג בעומר)" description: "Lag BaOmer (the 33rd day of the Omer count) marks the end of a plague that struck Rabbi Akiva's students and the yahrzei" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/lag-baomer" --- # Lag BaOmer (ל"ג בעומר) Lag BaOmer (the 33rd day of the Omer count) marks the end of a plague that struck Rabbi Akiva's students and the yahrzeit of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. It is celebrated with bonfires, music, haircuts, and weddings after the semi-mourning period of the Omer. ## When Is Lag BaOmer? Lag BaOmer is observed on the 18th of Iyar, typically falling in May. It is the 33rd day of the Omer counting period between Passover and Shavuot. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Tuesday, May 5, 2026 - **2027**: Tuesday, May 25, 2027 ## Significance Lag BaOmer celebrates the end of the plague among Rabbi Akiva's students and the mystical teachings of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, author of the Zohar. The bonfires symbolize the spiritual light he brought to the world. ## Frequently Asked Questions **Why do we light bonfires on Lag BaOmer?** Bonfires on Lag BaOmer symbolize the spiritual light brought by Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai through his mystical teachings in the Zohar. Before his death on this date, he revealed the deepest secrets of the Torah, filling the day with great spiritual light. **Why are weddings and haircuts permitted on Lag BaOmer?** The semi-mourning restrictions of the Omer period (no weddings, haircuts, or live music) are lifted on Lag BaOmer because it marks the day the plague among Rabbi Akiva's 24,000 students ceased. Three-year-old boys traditionally receive their first haircut (upsherin) on this day. --- --- title: "Tu B'Av (ט"ו באב)" description: "Tu B'Av (the 15th of Av) is one of the most joyous days in the Jewish calendar. In ancient times, young women would danc" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bav" --- # Tu B'Av (ט"ו באב) Tu B'Av (the 15th of Av) is one of the most joyous days in the Jewish calendar. In ancient times, young women would dance in the vineyards and young men would choose brides. It is considered a day of love and matchmaking. ## When Is Tu B'Av? Tu B'Av is observed on the 15th of Av, typically falling in July or August, six days after Tisha B'Av. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Wednesday, July 29, 2026 - **2027**: Wednesday, August 18, 2027 ## Significance Tu B'Av marks a turn from mourning to joy after Tisha B'Av. Historically, it commemorated several joyous events including the lifting of tribal marriage restrictions and the resumption of burial for those who died in the wilderness. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Tu B'Av?** Tu B'Av (the 15th of Av) is one of the most joyous days in the Jewish calendar, often called the Jewish day of love. The Talmud describes it as a day when young women of Jerusalem would dance in the vineyards wearing borrowed white garments, and young men would come to find a bride. **What historical events are associated with Tu B'Av?** The Talmud lists six events that make Tu B'Av joyful: the tribes were permitted to intermarry, the tribe of Benjamin was allowed to rejoin Israel, the generation of the wilderness ceased dying, the road to Jerusalem was reopened, the dead of Betar were permitted burial, and wood-cutting for the Temple altar concluded for the season. --- --- title: "Shushan Purim (שושן פורים)" description: "Shushan Purim is observed on the 15th of Adar, the day after Purim. It is the day Purim is celebrated in cities that wer" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim" --- # Shushan Purim (שושן פורים) Shushan Purim is observed on the 15th of Adar, the day after Purim. It is the day Purim is celebrated in cities that were walled at the time of Joshua, most notably Jerusalem. The name comes from the city of Shushan (Susa) where the Jews rested on the 15th. ## When Is Shushan Purim? Shushan Purim is observed on the 15th of Adar, the day after regular Purim, typically in February or March. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Wednesday, March 4, 2026 - **2027**: Monday, February 22, 2027 ## Significance Shushan Purim distinguishes between unwalled and walled cities, reflecting the different timelines of the Purim story. In Shushan itself, the fighting lasted an extra day, so the celebration was on the 15th. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shushan Purim and who observes it?** Shushan Purim is observed on the 15th of Adar, one day after regular Purim. It is celebrated in cities that were walled at the time of Joshua's conquest of the Land of Israel. Today, this applies primarily to Jerusalem, where the Megillah is read and Purim festivities are held on the 15th instead of the 14th. **Why is Shushan Purim celebrated a day later than regular Purim?** In the story of Esther, the Jews in the walled capital city of Shushan fought their enemies on both the 13th and 14th of Adar, and rested on the 15th. Jews in unwalled cities fought only on the 13th and celebrated on the 14th. The rabbis honored the Land of Israel by tying the distinction to cities walled since Joshua's time, rather than since the Persian era. --- --- title: "Pesach Sheni (פסח שני)" description: "Pesach Sheni (Second Passover) was a make-up date for those who were unable to bring the Paschal lamb on the 14th of Nis" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/pesach-sheni" --- # Pesach Sheni (פסח שני) Pesach Sheni (Second Passover) was a make-up date for those who were unable to bring the Paschal lamb on the 14th of Nisan. Today it is marked by eating matzah and not reciting Tachanun. ## When Is Pesach Sheni? Pesach Sheni is observed on the 14th of Iyar, exactly one month after the Paschal lamb was offered on Erev Pesach. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, May 1, 2026 - **2027**: Friday, May 21, 2027 ## Significance Pesach Sheni teaches that it is never too late for a second chance. Even those who missed the original Passover offering were given another opportunity to fulfill the mitzvah. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Pesach Sheni?** Pesach Sheni (Second Passover) falls on the 14th of Iyar, exactly one month after the Passover sacrifice was offered. In Temple times, anyone who was ritually impure or on a distant journey during Passover could bring the Paschal offering on this makeup date. It teaches that it is never too late to fulfill a missed spiritual opportunity. **How is Pesach Sheni observed today?** Without the Temple, Pesach Sheni is a minor observance. The main custom is to eat matzah to commemorate the day. Tachanun (penitential prayers) is omitted from the prayer service. Some have the custom of not fasting on this day, and eulogies are not recited. --- --- title: "Leil Selichot (ליל סליחות)" description: "Leil Selichot marks the beginning of the Selichot (penitential prayers) season before Rosh Hashanah. Ashkenazi communiti" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/leil-selichot" --- # Leil Selichot (ליל סליחות) Leil Selichot marks the beginning of the Selichot (penitential prayers) season before Rosh Hashanah. Ashkenazi communities begin on the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah (at least four days prior), while Sephardi communities begin on the 1st of Elul. ## When Is Leil Selichot? Leil Selichot is observed on the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah, typically in September. The service often begins after midnight. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, September 5, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, September 25, 2027 ## Significance Leil Selichot sets the tone for the High Holiday season, awakening the spirit of repentance and self-reflection that characterizes the Days of Awe. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Leil Selichot?** Leil Selichot is the night when the recitation of Selichot (penitential prayers) begins in preparation for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. In Ashkenazi tradition, Selichot begin on the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah (or two Saturday nights before if Rosh Hashanah falls early in the week). Sephardi communities begin on the 1st of Elul. **What prayers are recited during Selichot?** Selichot include the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy (a central refrain recited repeatedly), piyyutim (liturgical poems) about repentance, vidui (confession), and supplications for forgiveness. The prayers are traditionally recited in the early morning hours, ideally after midnight, when divine mercy is considered most accessible. --- --- title: "Chag HaBanot (חג הבנות)" description: "Chag HaBanot (Festival of the Daughters) is a North African Jewish women's holiday celebrated on the New Moon of Tevet d" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chag-habanot" --- # Chag HaBanot (חג הבנות) Chag HaBanot (Festival of the Daughters) is a North African Jewish women's holiday celebrated on the New Moon of Tevet during Chanukah. It honors the bravery of Judith (Yehudit) and celebrates the role of women in Jewish history. ## When Is Chag HaBanot? Chag HaBanot is observed on Rosh Chodesh Tevet (1st of Tevet), during Chanukah, typically in December or January. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, December 10, 2026 - **2027**: Thursday, December 30, 2027 ## Significance Chag HaBanot honors the heroism of Jewish women, particularly Judith, and celebrates the unique spiritual contributions of women in Jewish tradition. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Chag HaBanot?** Chag HaBanot (Festival of the Daughters) is a celebration observed by Jewish women of North African and Middle Eastern origin on the 1st of Tevet, coinciding with the sixth night of Chanukah and Rosh Chodesh. It honors the bravery of Judith (Yehudit) and celebrates feminine strength in Jewish history. **How is Chag HaBanot observed?** Women gather for festive meals, sing songs, share stories of heroic Jewish women, and give thanks. In some communities, women are exempt from household chores as a mark of honor. The celebration often features dairy foods in memory of Judith, who fed cheese to the enemy general Holofernes before defeating him. --- --- title: "Purim Meshulash (פורים משולש)" description: "Purim Meshulash (Triple Purim) occurs when Shushan Purim (15 Adar) falls on Shabbat in walled cities like Jerusalem. The" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-meshulash" --- # Purim Meshulash (פורים משולש) Purim Meshulash (Triple Purim) occurs when Shushan Purim (15 Adar) falls on Shabbat in walled cities like Jerusalem. The observances are spread over three days: Megillah reading on Thursday (14 Adar), the special Torah reading and Al HaNissim on Shabbat, and the Purim seudah and mishloach manot on Sunday. ## When Is Purim Meshulash? Purim Meshulash occurs only when Shushan Purim falls on Shabbat, which happens rarely (every several years). The observances span Friday through Sunday. ### Upcoming Dates ## Significance Purim Meshulash demonstrates the rabbinic commitment to preserving every mitzvah while respecting Shabbat, distributing the Purim obligations across three days rather than omitting any. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Purim Meshulash?** Purim Meshulash (Triple Purim) occurs in walled cities like Jerusalem when the 15th of Adar (Shushan Purim) falls on Shabbat. Since certain Purim obligations cannot be performed on Shabbat, the celebrations are spread across three days: the Megillah is read on Friday (14th), Al HaNissim is recited and the special Torah portion is read on Shabbat (15th), and the festive meal and gift-giving take place on Sunday (16th). **Why can't all Purim obligations be fulfilled on Shabbat?** The rabbis ruled that the Megillah cannot be read on Shabbat because one might carry it in the public domain, and Mishloach Manot and Matanot LaEvyonim are also not given on Shabbat. However, Al HaNissim is recited in the Amidah and Birkat Hamazon on Shabbat itself, since that is the actual date of Shushan Purim. --- --- title: "Days of the Omer (ימי ספירת העומר)" description: "The Days of the Omer (Sefirat HaOmer) is a 49-day counting period between Passover and Shavuot. Each night after nightfa" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/days-of-the-omer" --- # Days of the Omer (ימי ספירת העומר) The Days of the Omer (Sefirat HaOmer) is a 49-day counting period between Passover and Shavuot. Each night after nightfall, Jews count the Omer with a blessing, connecting the physical freedom of the Exodus to the spiritual freedom of receiving the Torah. ## When Is Days of the Omer? The Omer is counted for 49 days beginning on the second night of Passover (16 Nisan) until the night before Shavuot (5 Sivan), typically from April to May or June. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, April 3, 2026 – Thursday, May 21, 2026 - **2027**: Friday, April 23, 2027 – Thursday, June 10, 2027 ## Significance The Omer period represents spiritual self-improvement, with each day corresponding to a combination of seven divine attributes. It transforms the counting into a journey of personal refinement preparing for the revelation at Sinai. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is the Omer period and how is it observed?** The Omer is the 49-day period counted from the second night of Passover until Shavuot. Each evening after nightfall, a blessing is recited and the specific day and week are declared. The period carries semi-mourning customs — weddings, live music, and haircuts are generally avoided — in memory of a plague among Rabbi Akiva's students. **What is the spiritual significance of counting the Omer?** Counting the Omer represents the spiritual journey from physical liberation (the Exodus) to spiritual revelation (receiving the Torah at Sinai). Kabbalistic tradition associates each of the 49 days with a unique combination of seven divine attributes (sefirot), providing a framework for daily introspection and character refinement. **Related prayers:** [Sefirat HaOmer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/sefirat-ha-omer) --- --- title: "Rosh Hashana LaBehemot (ראש השנה לבהמות)" description: "Rosh Hashana LaBehemot (New Year for Animals) is observed on the 1st of Elul. In Temple times, it served as the cutoff d" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashana-labehemot" --- # Rosh Hashana LaBehemot (ראש השנה לבהמות) Rosh Hashana LaBehemot (New Year for Animals) is observed on the 1st of Elul. In Temple times, it served as the cutoff date for tithing animals born that year. Animals born before this date were tithed separately from those born after. ## When Is Rosh Hashana LaBehemot? Rosh Hashana LaBehemot is observed on the 1st of Elul, typically in August or September. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, August 14, 2026 - **2027**: Friday, September 3, 2027 ## Significance Rosh Hashana LaBehemot reflects the Torah's concern for proper tithing and stewardship of animals, reminding us of our responsibility toward all of God's creatures. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Rosh Hashanah LaBehemot?** Rosh Hashanah LaBehemot (New Year for Animals) falls on the 1st of Elul. According to the Mishnah, this date serves as the new year for tithing animals — all animals born before this date belong to one tithing year, and those born after belong to the next. It is one of four new years mentioned in the Talmud. **How is the 1st of Elul observed today?** While animal tithing is not practiced today without the Temple, the 1st of Elul marks the beginning of the month-long period of repentance leading to Rosh Hashanah. In Ashkenazi communities, the shofar is blown daily throughout Elul (except Shabbat and Erev Rosh Hashanah), and Psalm 27 is added to daily prayers. --- --- title: "Purim Katan (פורים קטן)" description: "Purim Katan (Minor Purim) is observed on the 14th of Adar I in a Jewish leap year. Since Purim is celebrated in Adar II," source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-katan" --- # Purim Katan (פורים קטן) Purim Katan (Minor Purim) is observed on the 14th of Adar I in a Jewish leap year. Since Purim is celebrated in Adar II, the original Purim date in Adar I is marked as Purim Katan. Tachanun is not recited, and festivity is mildly encouraged. ## When Is Purim Katan? Purim Katan is observed on the 14th of Adar I, only in Jewish leap years. In non-leap years, this date does not exist. ### Upcoming Dates - **2027**: Sunday, February 21, 2027 ## Significance Purim Katan preserves the memory of Purim even in the 'extra' month, reflecting the Talmudic debate about which Adar should host Purim and maintaining a connection to the holiday's joy. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Purim Katan?** Purim Katan (Minor Purim) falls on the 14th of Adar I during a Jewish leap year, when an extra month of Adar is added. Since the actual Purim is celebrated in Adar II, Purim Katan marks the date in Adar I with a minor observance. Tachanun and eulogies are omitted, and fasting is not permitted. **Why is Purim celebrated in Adar II rather than Adar I?** The Talmud rules that Purim is observed in Adar II to place the celebration of redemption (Purim) as close as possible to the celebration of redemption from Egypt (Passover in Nisan). Some authorities also note that the original miracle occurred in the 'real' Adar, which in a leap year is considered to be Adar II. --- --- title: "Shushan Purim Katan (שושן פורים קטן)" description: "Shushan Purim Katan is observed on the 15th of Adar I in a Jewish leap year. It corresponds to Shushan Purim in Adar II," source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim-katan" --- # Shushan Purim Katan (שושן פורים קטן) Shushan Purim Katan is observed on the 15th of Adar I in a Jewish leap year. It corresponds to Shushan Purim in Adar II, just as Purim Katan corresponds to regular Purim. Tachanun is not recited. ## When Is Shushan Purim Katan? Shushan Purim Katan is observed on the 15th of Adar I, only in Jewish leap years. ### Upcoming Dates - **2027**: Monday, February 22, 2027 ## Significance Shushan Purim Katan mirrors Shushan Purim in the leap year's extra month, maintaining the walled-city distinction even in the minor observance. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shushan Purim Katan?** Shushan Purim Katan falls on the 15th of Adar I in a Jewish leap year, corresponding to the date of Shushan Purim in Adar II. Like Purim Katan on the 14th, it is a very minor observance. Tachanun is omitted and fasting is not permitted, but there are no special readings or celebrations. **Are there any special customs for Shushan Purim Katan?** There are virtually no obligatory customs for Shushan Purim Katan beyond omitting Tachanun. Some communities mark the day with a slightly more festive meal, and the Shulchan Aruch recommends increasing in joy. It is one of the most minor days on the Jewish calendar, primarily serving as a calendrical placeholder for the actual Shushan Purim in Adar II. --- # Minor Fasts --- --- title: "Fast of Esther (תענית אסתר)" description: "The Fast of Esther (Ta'anit Esther) commemorates the three-day fast that Queen Esther and the Jewish people observed bef" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-esther" --- # Fast of Esther (תענית אסתר) The Fast of Esther (Ta'anit Esther) commemorates the three-day fast that Queen Esther and the Jewish people observed before she approached King Achashverosh to plead for her people's lives. It is observed on the 13th of Adar, the day before Purim. ## When Is Fast of Esther? The Fast of Esther is observed on the 13th of Adar, the day before Purim. If the 13th falls on Shabbat, the fast is moved to the preceding Thursday. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, March 2, 2026 - **2027**: Monday, March 22, 2027 ## Significance The Fast of Esther reminds us of the power of prayer and fasting in times of crisis. Esther's courage and the people's collective prayer led to the salvation commemorated on Purim. ## Frequently Asked Questions **Who fasts on Ta'anit Esther?** All healthy adults fast on Ta'anit Esther, unlike the Fast of the Firstborn which only applies to firstborns. The fast is from dawn to nightfall. Pregnant and nursing women, the elderly, and the sick are exempt. **What prayers are added on Ta'anit Esther?** The special Torah reading for fast days (Vayechal Moshe) is read at Shacharit and Mincha. The Aneinu prayer is added to the Amidah, and Avinu Malkeinu is recited. Selichot (penitential prayers) are also said in some communities. --- --- title: "Fast of Gedaliah (צום גדליה)" description: "The Fast of Gedaliah (Tzom Gedaliah) mourns the assassination of Gedaliah ben Ahikam, the Jewish governor of Judah appoi" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-gedaliah" --- # Fast of Gedaliah (צום גדליה) The Fast of Gedaliah (Tzom Gedaliah) mourns the assassination of Gedaliah ben Ahikam, the Jewish governor of Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar after the destruction of the First Temple. His murder ended the last remnant of Jewish autonomy in the land. ## When Is Fast of Gedaliah? The Fast of Gedaliah is observed on the 3rd of Tishrei, the day after Rosh Hashanah. If it falls on Shabbat, it is postponed to Sunday. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, September 14, 2026 - **2027**: Monday, October 4, 2027 ## Significance The Fast of Gedaliah teaches that the murder of a righteous leader is as tragic as the destruction of the Temple. It emphasizes the importance of Jewish unity and the consequences of internal strife. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is the Fast of Gedaliah?** The Fast of Gedaliah (Tzom Gedaliah) is observed on the 3rd of Tishrei, the day after Rosh Hashanah. It commemorates the assassination of Gedaliah ben Achikam, the Jewish governor appointed by Nebuchadnezzar after the destruction of the First Temple. His murder led to the exile of the remaining Jewish community in the Land of Israel. **What prayers are recited on the Fast of Gedaliah?** Like other minor fast days, the Torah portion of Vayechal Moshe is read at Shacharit and Mincha. Aneinu is added to the Amidah, and Avinu Malkeinu is recited. The fast lasts from dawn to nightfall, and it is one of the four fasts commemorating events surrounding the destruction of the Temple. --- --- title: "Seventeenth of Tammuz (שבעה עשר בתמוז)" description: "The Seventeenth of Tammuz (Shiva Asar B'Tammuz) marks the breach of Jerusalem's walls by the Romans in 70 CE, leading to" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/seventeenth-of-tammuz" --- # Seventeenth of Tammuz (שבעה עשר בתמוז) The Seventeenth of Tammuz (Shiva Asar B'Tammuz) marks the breach of Jerusalem's walls by the Romans in 70 CE, leading to the destruction of the Second Temple. It begins the Three Weeks mourning period leading to Tisha B'Av. ## When Is Seventeenth of Tammuz? The fast is observed on the 17th of Tammuz, typically falling in June or July. It is a dawn-to-nightfall fast. If it falls on Shabbat, it is postponed to Sunday. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, July 2, 2026 - **2027**: Thursday, July 22, 2027 ## Significance The Seventeenth of Tammuz commemorates five calamities: the breaking of the first Tablets, the cessation of the daily Temple offering, the breach of Jerusalem's walls, the burning of a Torah scroll, and the placement of an idol in the Temple. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is the Seventeenth of Tammuz?** The Seventeenth of Tammuz (Shiva Asar B'Tammuz) is a fast day commemorating five calamities: the breaking of the first tablets of the Ten Commandments, the cessation of the daily Temple offering, the breaching of Jerusalem's walls before the Second Temple's destruction, the burning of a Torah scroll by Apostomos, and the placing of an idol in the Temple. **What period begins on the Seventeenth of Tammuz?** The fast marks the beginning of the Three Weeks (Bein HaMetzarim), a period of mourning leading up to Tisha B'Av. During this time, weddings and celebrations are avoided, haircuts are restricted (particularly after the 1st of Av), and music is not played. The mourning intensifies during the Nine Days starting from Rosh Chodesh Av. --- --- title: "Tenth of Tevet (עשרה בטבת)" description: "The Tenth of Tevet (Asara B'Tevet) commemorates the beginning of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar in " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tenth-of-tevet" --- # Tenth of Tevet (עשרה בטבת) The Tenth of Tevet (Asara B'Tevet) commemorates the beginning of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar in 588 BCE, which ultimately led to the destruction of the First Temple. In Israel, it also serves as a general Kaddish day for Holocaust victims. ## When Is Tenth of Tevet? The fast is observed on the 10th of Tevet, typically falling in December or January. It is a dawn-to-nightfall fast. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Sunday, December 20, 2026 ## Significance The Tenth of Tevet marks the beginning of the chain of events that led to the destruction of the First Temple. Unlike other minor fasts, it is never postponed, even when falling on a Friday. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is the Tenth of Tevet?** The Tenth of Tevet (Asara B'Tevet) commemorates the beginning of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar in 588 BCE, which ultimately led to the destruction of the First Temple. It is a minor fast day from dawn to nightfall. In Israel, it is also designated as Yom HaKaddish HaKlali, a general memorial day for Holocaust victims whose date of death is unknown. **What makes the Tenth of Tevet unique among fast days?** The Tenth of Tevet is the only minor fast that can never be postponed — if it falls on Friday, the fast is observed even into Shabbat. Some authorities consider it potentially the most severe of the minor fasts because the prophet Ezekiel was specifically commanded to record the date of the siege, underscoring its significance. --- --- title: "Fast of the Firstborn (תענית בכורות)" description: "The Fast of the Firstborn (Ta'anit Bechorot) is observed on the day before Passover by firstborn males (or their fathers" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-firstborn" --- # Fast of the Firstborn (תענית בכורות) The Fast of the Firstborn (Ta'anit Bechorot) is observed on the day before Passover by firstborn males (or their fathers for minors). It commemorates the miracle of the firstborn Israelites being spared during the tenth plague in Egypt. ## When Is Fast of the Firstborn? The fast is observed on the 14th of Nisan, the day before Passover. Most firstborns attend a siyum (completion of a tractate of Talmud) to exempt themselves from fasting. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Wednesday, April 1, 2026 - **2027**: Wednesday, April 21, 2027 ## Significance The Fast of the Firstborn expresses gratitude for the sparing of the Israelite firstborn during the tenth plague. The custom of attending a siyum transforms the day into one of Torah celebration. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is the Fast of the Firstborn?** The Fast of the Firstborn (Ta'anit Bechorot) is observed on the 14th of Nisan, the day before Passover. Firstborn males fast in gratitude that Jewish firstborns were spared during the tenth plague in Egypt, when the Egyptian firstborns died. If the 14th falls on Shabbat, the fast is moved to the preceding Thursday. **What is a siyum and how does it relate to this fast?** A siyum is a celebration held upon completing the study of a tractate of Talmud or another significant Torah text. It is customary to attend a siyum on the morning of Erev Pesach, which creates a seudat mitzvah (obligatory festive meal) that exempts firstborns from fasting. This widespread practice means most firstborns do not actually fast on this day. --- # Modern Holidays --- --- title: "Yom HaShoah (יום השואה)" description: "Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) commemorates the six million Jews murdered during the Holocaust. In Israel, a si" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hashoah" --- # Yom HaShoah (יום השואה) Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) commemorates the six million Jews murdered during the Holocaust. In Israel, a siren sounds nationwide as people stand in silence. Ceremonies include survivor testimonies, memorial candle lighting, and readings. ## When Is Yom HaShoah? Yom HaShoah is observed on the 27th of Nisan, typically falling in April or May. If the 27th falls on Friday or adjacent to Shabbat, it is moved. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Tuesday, April 14, 2026 - **2027**: Tuesday, May 4, 2027 ## Significance Yom HaShoah ensures that the memory of the Holocaust is preserved for future generations. It honors the victims and survivors and reinforces the commitment to prevent such atrocities from happening again. ## Frequently Asked Questions **How is Yom HaShoah observed?** In Israel, a two-minute siren sounds at 10 AM and the entire country stands at attention. Ceremonies include survivor testimonies, the lighting of six memorial candles (representing the six million), and readings of names of victims. Flags are lowered to half-staff. **When was Yom HaShoah established?** Yom HaShoah was established by the Israeli Knesset in 1953. The date of 27 Nisan was chosen for its proximity to the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (15 Nisan 1943), while avoiding conflict with Passover. --- --- title: "Yom HaZikaron (יום הזיכרון)" description: "Yom HaZikaron (Israel's Memorial Day) honors the fallen soldiers of Israel's wars and victims of terrorism. A nationwide" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hazikaron" --- # Yom HaZikaron (יום הזיכרון) Yom HaZikaron (Israel's Memorial Day) honors the fallen soldiers of Israel's wars and victims of terrorism. A nationwide siren sounds as Israelis stand at attention. The somber day transitions directly into Yom HaAtzma'ut at nightfall. ## When Is Yom HaZikaron? Yom HaZikaron is observed on the 4th of Iyar, the day before Yom HaAtzma'ut, typically falling in April or May. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Tuesday, April 21, 2026 - **2027**: Tuesday, May 11, 2027 ## Significance Yom HaZikaron creates a deliberate transition from mourning to celebration, emphasizing that Israel's independence came at a tremendous human cost. The juxtaposition with Yom HaAtzma'ut deepens the meaning of both days. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Yom HaZikaron?** Yom HaZikaron (Israel's Memorial Day) is observed on the 4th of Iyar, the day before Yom HaAtzma'ut. It commemorates fallen Israeli soldiers and victims of terrorism. A one-minute siren sounds at 8 PM the evening before, and a two-minute siren sounds at 11 AM the following day, during which the entire country stands in silence. **How is Yom HaZikaron observed?** Memorial ceremonies are held at military cemeteries across Israel, and families visit the graves of fallen soldiers. Places of entertainment are closed by law, and television and radio broadcast memorial programming. The day is marked by solemn assembly, the reading of names of the fallen, and the lighting of memorial candles. --- --- title: "Yom HaAtzma'ut (יום העצמאות)" description: "Yom HaAtzma'ut (Israel Independence Day) celebrates the establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyar 570" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haatzmaut" --- # Yom HaAtzma'ut (יום העצמאות) Yom HaAtzma'ut (Israel Independence Day) celebrates the establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyar 5708). It is marked by festive prayers, public celebrations, barbecues, and ceremonies. ## When Is Yom HaAtzma'ut? Yom HaAtzma'ut is observed on the 5th of Iyar, typically falling in April or May. It begins at nightfall immediately after Yom HaZikaron ends. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Wednesday, April 22, 2026 - **2027**: Wednesday, May 12, 2027 ## Significance Yom HaAtzma'ut marks the fulfillment of the 2,000-year-old dream of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel. Many religious authorities view it as a day of divine significance, reciting Hallel and special prayers of thanksgiving. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What prayers are recited on Yom HaAtzma'ut?** Many communities recite Hallel (with or without a blessing), the Prayer for the State of Israel, and special psalms. Some recite the Al HaNissim prayer adapted for Yom HaAtzma'ut, thanking God for the miracle of Israel's establishment. **How is the transition from Yom HaZikaron to Yom HaAtzma'ut marked?** At nightfall on Yom HaZikaron, a ceremony on Mount Herzl marks the transition. Memorial torch flames are extinguished and celebration begins — from mourning to joy in a single evening, emphasizing the price paid for independence. --- --- title: "Yom Yerushalayim (יום ירושלים)" description: "Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day) commemorates the reunification of Jerusalem during the Six-Day War in 1967, when Israel" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-yerushalayim" --- # Yom Yerushalayim (יום ירושלים) Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day) commemorates the reunification of Jerusalem during the Six-Day War in 1967, when Israel gained access to the Western Wall and the Old City for the first time since 1948. ## When Is Yom Yerushalayim? Yom Yerushalayim is observed on the 28th of Iyar, typically falling in May or June. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, May 15, 2026 - **2027**: Friday, June 4, 2027 ## Significance Yom Yerushalayim celebrates the return of the Jewish people to their holiest sites after 19 years of Jordanian control. The reunification of Jerusalem holds deep spiritual and national significance. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Yom Yerushalayim?** Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day) is celebrated on the 28th of Iyar, commemorating the reunification of Jerusalem during the Six-Day War in 1967. After 19 years of Jordanian control, the Old City — including the Western Wall and the Temple Mount — was returned to Israeli sovereignty. **How is Yom Yerushalayim observed?** Many communities recite Hallel and special prayers of thanksgiving. In Jerusalem, a large march proceeds through the city streets to the Western Wall. The Israeli Chief Rabbinate declared it a minor religious holiday, and some synagogues add Al HaNissim to their prayers. The day is marked by ceremonies, concerts, and celebrations of Jewish connection to Jerusalem. --- --- title: "Yom HaAliyah (יום העלייה)" description: "Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) celebrates Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel. Established as a national holiday by the " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah" --- # Yom HaAliyah (יום העלייה) Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) celebrates Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel. Established as a national holiday by the Knesset in 2016, it commemorates the entry of the Israelites into the Promised Land under Joshua's leadership. ## When Is Yom HaAliyah? Yom HaAliyah is observed on the 10th of Nisan, typically falling in March or April. Schools celebrate it on the 7th of Cheshvan. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, March 28, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, April 17, 2027 ## Significance Yom HaAliyah recognizes the central role of aliyah (immigration to Israel) in Jewish history and the ongoing ingathering of exiles as a fulfillment of biblical prophecy. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Yom HaAliyah?** Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) is an Israeli national holiday observed on the 10th of Nisan, celebrating immigration (aliyah) to the Land of Israel. The date was chosen because it corresponds to the day the Israelites crossed the Jordan River into the Promised Land under Joshua's leadership, as described in the Book of Joshua. **When was Yom HaAliyah established?** Yom HaAliyah was established by the Israeli Knesset in 2016 as an official national holiday. It recognizes aliyah as a foundational value of the State of Israel and honors the contributions of immigrants from all backgrounds to Israeli society. Ceremonies and educational events are held throughout the country. --- --- title: "Yom HaAliyah School Observance (יום העלייה לבתי ספר)" description: "Yom HaAliyah School Observance is the school-based celebration of Aliyah Day, observed on the 7th of Cheshvan. Israeli s" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah-school" --- # Yom HaAliyah School Observance (יום העלייה לבתי ספר) Yom HaAliyah School Observance is the school-based celebration of Aliyah Day, observed on the 7th of Cheshvan. Israeli schools mark this day with special programs about immigration to Israel and the historical journey of the Jewish people to their homeland. ## When Is Yom HaAliyah School Observance? Yom HaAliyah School Observance is held on the 7th of Cheshvan, typically in October or November. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Sunday, October 18, 2026 - **2027**: Sunday, November 7, 2027 ## Significance The school observance educates Israeli youth about the ongoing importance of aliyah and connects them to the stories of Jews who made the journey to Israel throughout history. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is the school observance of Yom HaAliyah?** The school observance of Yom HaAliyah takes place on the 7th of Cheshvan, separate from the main Yom HaAliyah on the 10th of Nisan. This date was established so that schools could hold educational programs about aliyah at the beginning of the academic year, when the theme of immigration and national identity can be woven into the curriculum. **Why is the 7th of Cheshvan significant?** The 7th of Cheshvan is traditionally the date when the last pilgrims returning from the Temple in Jerusalem after Sukkot would arrive home. It marks the beginning of the prayer for rain in the Land of Israel, connecting the themes of return, homeland, and the agricultural cycle of the land. --- --- title: "Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day (יום הזיכרון ליצחק רבין)" description: "Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day commemorates the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995 (1" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yitzhak-rabin-memorial-day" --- # Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day (יום הזיכרון ליצחק רבין) Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day commemorates the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995 (12 Cheshvan 5756). State memorial ceremonies are held, and schools hold educational programs about democracy and tolerance. ## When Is Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day? Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day is observed on the 12th of Cheshvan, typically in October or November. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, October 22, 2026 - **2027**: Thursday, November 11, 2027 ## Significance This day serves as a reminder of the importance of democracy, tolerance, and dialogue in Israeli society, honoring the legacy of a leader who pursued peace. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day?** Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day is observed on the 12th of Cheshvan, the Hebrew date of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin's assassination in 1995. It was established by the Knesset in 2005 as a national memorial day to remember Rabin's legacy and his pursuit of peace. **How is Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day observed?** The main memorial ceremony takes place at Rabin's gravesite on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. Schools hold educational programs about democracy, tolerance, and the dangers of political violence. A state ceremony is held at the site of the assassination in Tel Aviv, which is now Rabin Square. --- --- title: "Ben-Gurion Day (יום בן-גוריון)" description: "Ben-Gurion Day honors David Ben-Gurion, Israel's founding prime minister who declared the establishment of the State of " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/ben-gurion-day" --- # Ben-Gurion Day (יום בן-גוריון) Ben-Gurion Day honors David Ben-Gurion, Israel's founding prime minister who declared the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The day is observed on the 6th of Kislev, near the anniversary of his passing. ## When Is Ben-Gurion Day? Ben-Gurion Day is observed on the 6th of Kislev, typically in November or December. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, November 16, 2026 - **2027**: Monday, December 6, 2027 ## Significance Ben-Gurion Day celebrates the vision and leadership of Israel's founding father, who transformed the dream of a Jewish state into reality. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Ben-Gurion Day?** Ben-Gurion Day is observed on the 6th of Kislev, the Hebrew date of David Ben-Gurion's death in 1973. Ben-Gurion was Israel's first Prime Minister, the leader who declared the establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948, and a driving force behind the country's founding institutions. **How is Ben-Gurion Day observed?** The day is marked by official ceremonies and educational programs about Ben-Gurion's life and vision for the State of Israel. Special events are held at Sde Boker in the Negev, where Ben-Gurion lived and is buried, emphasizing his dream of making the desert bloom and developing the southern regions of Israel. --- --- title: "Hebrew Language Day (יום השפה העברית)" description: "Hebrew Language Day celebrates the revival of the Hebrew language as a spoken tongue. It is observed on the 21st of Teve" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/hebrew-language-day" --- # Hebrew Language Day (יום השפה העברית) Hebrew Language Day celebrates the revival of the Hebrew language as a spoken tongue. It is observed on the 21st of Tevet, the birthday of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, the father of modern Hebrew who championed its revival as an everyday language. ## When Is Hebrew Language Day? Hebrew Language Day is observed on the 21st of Tevet, typically in January. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, January 8, 2026 ## Significance Hebrew Language Day celebrates one of the most remarkable cultural achievements in history — the revival of an ancient language as a living, spoken tongue, uniting Jews from diverse backgrounds. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Hebrew Language Day?** Hebrew Language Day (Yom HaIvrit) is observed on the 21st of Tevet, the birthday of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, who is credited with the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language. The day celebrates the Hebrew language as a cornerstone of Jewish identity and Israeli culture. **How is Hebrew Language Day observed?** Schools and cultural institutions hold events celebrating the Hebrew language, including poetry readings, word games, lectures on Hebrew linguistics, and performances in Hebrew. The Academy of the Hebrew Language often announces new Hebrew words and terms. The day highlights the remarkable achievement of reviving an ancient language for modern daily use. --- --- title: "Family Day (יום המשפחה)" description: "Family Day (Yom HaMishpacha) is observed in Israel on the 30th of Shevat, coinciding with the anniversary of Henrietta S" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/family-day" --- # Family Day (יום המשפחה) Family Day (Yom HaMishpacha) is observed in Israel on the 30th of Shevat, coinciding with the anniversary of Henrietta Szold's passing. It celebrates the importance of family in Jewish life and Israeli society. ## When Is Family Day? Family Day is observed on the 30th of Shevat, typically in February. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Tuesday, February 17, 2026 - **2027**: Sunday, February 7, 2027 ## Significance Family Day honors Henrietta Szold, founder of Hadassah, and celebrates the central role of family in Jewish tradition and Israeli society. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Family Day?** Family Day (Yom HaMishpacha) is observed in Israel on the 30th of Shevat. It was established to celebrate the value of family in Israeli society and often coincides with educational programs in schools about different family structures, family heritage, and the importance of family bonds in Jewish tradition. **How is Family Day observed?** Schools organize activities where children share about their families, create family trees, and learn about the role of family in Jewish life. Some communities hold intergenerational events bringing together grandparents, parents, and children. The day encourages families to spend quality time together and reflect on their shared heritage. --- --- title: "Herzl Day (יום הרצל)" description: "Herzl Day commemorates the vision of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. It is observed on the 10th " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/herzl-day" --- # Herzl Day (יום הרצל) Herzl Day commemorates the vision of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. It is observed on the 10th of Iyar, the anniversary of his death. Herzl's vision of a Jewish state was realized with the establishment of Israel in 1948. ## When Is Herzl Day? Herzl Day is observed on the 10th of Iyar, typically in May. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, April 27, 2026 - **2027**: Monday, May 17, 2027 ## Significance Herzl Day honors the visionary whose pamphlet 'The Jewish State' and tireless diplomatic efforts laid the foundations for the establishment of the State of Israel. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Herzl Day?** Herzl Day is observed on the 10th of Iyar, the Hebrew date of Theodor Herzl's death in 1904. Herzl is known as the father of modern political Zionism and the visionary behind the establishment of a Jewish state. He convened the First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland in 1897. **How is Herzl Day observed?** The official state ceremony is held at Herzl's grave on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem, attended by national leaders. Schools conduct educational programs about Herzl's life, the Zionist movement, and the founding of the state. The Israel Prize ceremony is also traditionally held on this day, recognizing outstanding contributions to Israeli society. --- --- title: "Jabotinsky Day (יום ז'בוטינסקי)" description: "Jabotinsky Day commemorates Ze'ev Jabotinsky, a Zionist leader, author, and founder of Revisionist Zionism and the Jewis" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/jabotinsky-day" --- # Jabotinsky Day (יום ז'בוטינסקי) Jabotinsky Day commemorates Ze'ev Jabotinsky, a Zionist leader, author, and founder of Revisionist Zionism and the Jewish Legion. It is observed on the 29th of Tammuz, the anniversary of his death. ## When Is Jabotinsky Day? Jabotinsky Day is observed on the 29th of Tammuz, typically in July. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Tuesday, July 14, 2026 - **2027**: Tuesday, August 3, 2027 ## Significance Jabotinsky Day honors a multifaceted leader whose writings and activism profoundly influenced the Zionist movement and the eventual establishment of a Jewish state. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Jabotinsky Day?** Jabotinsky Day is observed on the 29th of Tammuz, the Hebrew date of Ze'ev Jabotinsky's death in 1940. Jabotinsky was a Zionist leader, orator, writer, and founder of the Revisionist Zionism movement. He advocated for Jewish self-defense and the establishment of a Jewish state on both sides of the Jordan River. **How is Jabotinsky Day observed?** A state ceremony is held at Jabotinsky's grave on Mount Herzl, where his remains were reinterred in 1964 at the request of the Israeli government. Educational programs focus on his literary contributions, his role in establishing Jewish self-defense organizations like the Betar movement, and his vision for Jewish sovereignty. --- --- title: "Sigd (סיגד)" description: "Sigd is an Ethiopian Jewish (Beta Israel) holiday observed 50 days after Yom Kippur, on the 29th of Cheshvan. It celebra" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sigd" --- # Sigd (סיגד) Sigd is an Ethiopian Jewish (Beta Israel) holiday observed 50 days after Yom Kippur, on the 29th of Cheshvan. It celebrates the acceptance of the Torah and the yearning for Zion. In 2008, it was recognized as an official Israeli national holiday. ## When Is Sigd? Sigd is observed on the 29th of Cheshvan, 50 days after Yom Kippur, typically in November. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, November 9, 2026 - **2027**: Monday, November 29, 2027 ## Significance Sigd represents the Ethiopian Jewish community's deep connection to Torah and Zion. Its recognition as a national holiday affirms the diversity and unity of the Jewish people in Israel. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Sigd?** Sigd is a holiday observed by the Ethiopian Jewish (Beta Israel) community on the 29th of Cheshvan, 50 days after Yom Kippur. The name comes from the Ge'ez word for prostration. It commemorates the acceptance of the Torah and the yearning of Ethiopian Jews for Jerusalem. In 2008, it was recognized as an official Israeli state holiday. **How is Sigd observed?** Traditionally, the community fasts, dresses in white, and gathers on a hilltop (historically in Ethiopia, today at the Haas Promenade in Jerusalem overlooking the Old City). Religious leaders (kessim) read from the Torah and the Orit (the Ethiopian Jewish holy book) in Ge'ez. The fast ends with a festive meal, music, and dancing celebrating the community's connection to Jerusalem. --- # Special Shabbatot --- --- title: "Shabbat Shekalim (שבת שקלים)" description: "Shabbat Shekalim is the first of four special Shabbatot before Passover. A special maftir is read about the half-shekel " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shekalim" --- # Shabbat Shekalim (שבת שקלים) Shabbat Shekalim is the first of four special Shabbatot before Passover. A special maftir is read about the half-shekel tax collected for the Temple service. It falls on or before Rosh Chodesh Adar. ## When Is Shabbat Shekalim? Shabbat Shekalim falls on the Shabbat on or before Rosh Chodesh Adar (or Adar II in a leap year). ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, February 14, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, March 6, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat Shekalim recalls the annual half-shekel tax that funded the communal offerings in the Temple, emphasizing that every Jew has an equal share in the service of God. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat Shekalim?** Shabbat Shekalim is the first of four special Shabbatot before Passover, observed on the Shabbat before or on Rosh Chodesh Adar (or Adar II in a leap year). A special maftir reading from Exodus 30:11-16 describes the half-shekel tax collected from every Israelite for the upkeep of the Tabernacle and Temple. **What is the significance of the half-shekel?** The half-shekel represented equality before God — every person, rich or poor, gave the same amount. In Temple times, the new collection began on the 1st of Adar, so Shabbat Shekalim served as a public reminder. Today, it is customary to give three half-denomination coins to charity before Purim (Machatzit HaShekel) in memory of this mitzvah. --- --- title: "Shabbat Zachor (שבת זכור)" description: "Shabbat Zachor (Shabbat of Remembrance) is the Shabbat immediately before Purim. A special maftir is read commanding the" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-zachor" --- # Shabbat Zachor (שבת זכור) Shabbat Zachor (Shabbat of Remembrance) is the Shabbat immediately before Purim. A special maftir is read commanding the remembrance of Amalek's attack on the Israelites, connecting to Haman (a descendant of Amalek) and the Purim story. ## When Is Shabbat Zachor? Shabbat Zachor is the Shabbat immediately before Purim. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, February 28, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, March 20, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat Zachor fulfills the biblical commandment to remember Amalek's attack. Many authorities consider hearing this Torah reading a biblical obligation. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat Zachor?** Shabbat Zachor (Shabbat of Remembrance) is the Shabbat immediately before Purim. A special maftir from Deuteronomy 25:17-19 is read, commanding the Jewish people to remember the attack by Amalek upon leaving Egypt. Hearing this reading is considered a Torah obligation by many authorities, and synagogues are typically filled to capacity. **What is the connection between Shabbat Zachor and Purim?** Haman, the villain of the Purim story, was a descendant of Agag, king of the Amalekites. Reading about the commandment to remember and blot out the memory of Amalek immediately before Purim connects the ancient enemy with the Purim narrative. The haftarah tells of King Saul's battle against Agag and the Amalekites. --- --- title: "Shabbat Parah (שבת פרה)" description: "Shabbat Parah is the third of the four special Shabbatot. The maftir reading describes the Red Heifer (Parah Adumah) pur" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-parah" --- # Shabbat Parah (שבת פרה) Shabbat Parah is the third of the four special Shabbatot. The maftir reading describes the Red Heifer (Parah Adumah) purification ritual, reminding people to purify themselves before Passover. ## When Is Shabbat Parah? Shabbat Parah falls on the Shabbat before Shabbat HaChodesh, about two weeks before Passover. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, March 7, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, March 27, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat Parah reminds us of the need for spiritual purification. In Temple times, those who were ritually impure needed to begin the purification process to participate in the Passover offering. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat Parah?** Shabbat Parah is the third of four special Shabbatot before Passover, observed on the Shabbat before Shabbat HaChodesh. The special maftir reading from Numbers 19:1-22 describes the Red Heifer (Parah Adumah), whose ashes were used in the purification ritual for those who had become ritually impure through contact with the dead. **Why is Shabbat Parah read before Passover?** In Temple times, everyone needed to be ritually pure to bring the Paschal sacrifice on Passover. The reading of the Red Heifer passage served as a reminder to those who were impure to undergo the purification process in time. Some authorities consider hearing this Torah reading a biblical obligation, similar to Shabbat Zachor. --- --- title: "Shabbat HaChodesh (שבת החודש)" description: "Shabbat HaChodesh is the last of the four special Shabbatot. The maftir reading describes the commandment to establish N" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hachodesh" --- # Shabbat HaChodesh (שבת החודש) Shabbat HaChodesh is the last of the four special Shabbatot. The maftir reading describes the commandment to establish Nisan as the first month and the laws of the Passover offering. ## When Is Shabbat HaChodesh? Shabbat HaChodesh falls on the Shabbat on or before Rosh Chodesh Nisan. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, March 14, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, April 3, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat HaChodesh announces the arrival of Nisan, the month of redemption. The establishment of a Jewish calendar was the first commandment given to the nation as a whole. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat HaChodesh?** Shabbat HaChodesh is the fourth and final special Shabbat before Passover, observed on the Shabbat before or on Rosh Chodesh Nisan. The special maftir from Exodus 12:1-20 describes the very first commandment given to the Jewish nation — the establishment of the Hebrew calendar and the laws of the Passover offering. **What is the significance of the month of Nisan?** Nisan is considered the first of the months, as God declared to Moses: 'This month shall be for you the beginning of months.' It is the month of redemption, when the Exodus from Egypt took place. The reading on Shabbat HaChodesh heralds the approaching Passover season and the themes of national freedom and divine redemption. --- --- title: "Shabbat HaGadol (שבת הגדול)" description: "Shabbat HaGadol (the Great Shabbat) is the Shabbat immediately before Passover. It is customary for the rabbi to give a " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hagadol" --- # Shabbat HaGadol (שבת הגדול) Shabbat HaGadol (the Great Shabbat) is the Shabbat immediately before Passover. It is customary for the rabbi to give a special sermon on the laws and themes of Passover. The haftarah reading from Malachi mentions the 'great day.' ## When Is Shabbat HaGadol? Shabbat HaGadol is the Shabbat immediately before Passover. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, March 28, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, April 17, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat HaGadol commemorates the miracle that occurred when the Israelites set aside their Paschal lambs in Egypt without Egyptian interference, despite the lamb being an Egyptian deity. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat HaGadol?** Shabbat HaGadol (the Great Shabbat) is the Shabbat immediately before Passover. It is called 'gadol' (great) because a great miracle occurred on this day: the Israelites in Egypt set aside lambs for the Passover sacrifice without the Egyptians, who worshipped lambs, stopping them. **What special customs are observed on Shabbat HaGadol?** The rabbi traditionally delivers a lengthy sermon (drasha) about the laws of Passover, reviewing the rules of chametz and the Seder. Part of the Haggadah is read during the afternoon, beginning with 'Avadim Hayinu' (We were slaves). A special haftarah from Malachi 3:4-24 is read, which ends with the prophecy of Elijah heralding the great day of God. --- --- title: "Shabbat Shuva (שבת שובה)" description: "Shabbat Shuva (Shabbat of Return) falls during the Ten Days of Repentance between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. It is na" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shuva" --- # Shabbat Shuva (שבת שובה) Shabbat Shuva (Shabbat of Return) falls during the Ten Days of Repentance between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. It is named after the haftarah reading that begins 'Shuva Yisrael' (Return, O Israel). ## When Is Shabbat Shuva? Shabbat Shuva is the Shabbat between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, September 19, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, October 9, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat Shuva is a peak moment of the repentance season, offering a Shabbat of spiritual elevation during the most introspective period of the Jewish year. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat Shuva?** Shabbat Shuva (Shabbat of Return) falls between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur during the Ten Days of Repentance. It takes its name from the haftarah reading that begins 'Shuva Yisrael' (Return, O Israel) from the prophet Hosea. It is one of only two Shabbatot in the year when the rabbi traditionally delivers a special sermon (the other being Shabbat HaGadol). **What is the significance of Shabbat Shuva?** Shabbat Shuva provides a day of rest and reflection in the middle of the intense repentance period between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. The rabbi's sermon focuses on the themes of teshuvah (repentance) and spiritual return. The haftarah readings from Hosea, Joel, and Micah emphasize God's mercy, compassion, and willingness to accept sincere repentance. --- --- title: "Shabbat Shirah (שבת שירה)" description: "Shabbat Shirah (Shabbat of Song) is the Shabbat when Parashat Beshalach is read, which includes the Song of the Sea (Shi" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shirah" --- # Shabbat Shirah (שבת שירה) Shabbat Shirah (Shabbat of Song) is the Shabbat when Parashat Beshalach is read, which includes the Song of the Sea (Shirat HaYam) sung by the Israelites after crossing the Red Sea. ## When Is Shabbat Shirah? Shabbat Shirah falls in January or February, when Parashat Beshalach is the weekly Torah reading. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, January 31, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, January 23, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat Shirah celebrates the power of song and praise in Jewish worship. The Song of the Sea is one of the most important poetic passages in the Torah. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat Shirah?** Shabbat Shirah (Shabbat of Song) is the Shabbat on which the Torah portion Beshalach is read, containing the Shirat HaYam (Song of the Sea) — the song of praise sung by Moses and the Israelites after the splitting of the Red Sea. The Torah text of the song is written in a distinctive brick-like pattern in the scroll. **What special customs are observed on Shabbat Shirah?** Many communities have the custom of placing food outside for birds on Shabbat Shirah, based on a midrash about the manna. In some congregations, the Song of the Sea is chanted to a special melody, and the congregation stands during its reading. Additional songs and hymns of praise are often added to the prayer service. --- --- title: "Shabbat Nachamu (שבת נחמו)" description: "Shabbat Nachamu (Shabbat of Consolation) is the first of seven Shabbatot of consolation after Tisha B'Av. It is named af" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-nachamu" --- # Shabbat Nachamu (שבת נחמו) Shabbat Nachamu (Shabbat of Consolation) is the first of seven Shabbatot of consolation after Tisha B'Av. It is named after the haftarah from Isaiah that begins 'Nachamu, nachamu ami' (Comfort, comfort My people). ## When Is Shabbat Nachamu? Shabbat Nachamu is the Shabbat immediately following Tisha B'Av, typically in July or August. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, July 25, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, August 14, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat Nachamu marks the transition from mourning to consolation, offering hope and comfort after the grief of Tisha B'Av through God's promise of redemption. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat Nachamu?** Shabbat Nachamu (Shabbat of Comfort) is the Shabbat immediately following Tisha B'Av. It takes its name from the haftarah reading that begins 'Nachamu, nachamu ami' (Comfort, comfort My people) from Isaiah 40. It is the first of seven haftarot of consolation read between Tisha B'Av and Rosh Hashanah. **What is the significance of the seven haftarot of consolation?** The seven Shabbatot between Tisha B'Av and Rosh Hashanah each feature a haftarah from Isaiah with themes of comfort and redemption. This progression moves the community from mourning the destruction of the Temple to hope and renewal before the High Holidays. Shabbat Nachamu, with its powerful opening call of double comfort, marks the turning point from grief to consolation. --- --- title: "Shabbat Chazon (שבת חזון)" description: "Shabbat Chazon (Shabbat of Vision) is the Shabbat immediately before Tisha B'Av. It is named after the haftarah from Isa" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-chazon" --- # Shabbat Chazon (שבת חזון) Shabbat Chazon (Shabbat of Vision) is the Shabbat immediately before Tisha B'Av. It is named after the haftarah from Isaiah chapter 1 that begins 'Chazon Yeshayahu' (The vision of Isaiah), which rebukes Israel's sins. ## When Is Shabbat Chazon? Shabbat Chazon is the Shabbat immediately before Tisha B'Av, typically in July or August. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Saturday, July 18, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, August 7, 2027 ## Significance Shabbat Chazon is the most solemn Shabbat of the year. The Rebbe of Lublin taught that on this Shabbat, each person is shown a vision of the future Temple, inspiring yearning for redemption. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shabbat Chazon?** Shabbat Chazon (Shabbat of Vision) is the Shabbat immediately before Tisha B'Av. It takes its name from the haftarah reading that begins with 'Chazon Yeshayahu' (The Vision of Isaiah), a stern prophecy rebuking Israel for abandoning God's ways. It is the last and most intense of the three haftarot of rebuke read during the Three Weeks. **What customs are observed on Shabbat Chazon?** The haftarah is traditionally chanted to the mournful melody of Eicha (Lamentations). In some Ashkenazi communities, congregants change to weekday clothes for Shabbat as a sign of mourning, though the prevailing custom today is to wear Shabbat clothes. The atmosphere in synagogue is somber, as the community prepares for the fast of Tisha B'Av. --- # Rosh Chodesh --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan (ראש חודש חשון)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan marks the beginning of the month of Cheshvan (also called Marcheshvan). It can be one or two days " source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-cheshvan" --- # Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan (ראש חודש חשון) Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan marks the beginning of the month of Cheshvan (also called Marcheshvan). It can be one or two days depending on the length of the preceding month. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan? Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan falls at the end of Tishrei / beginning of Cheshvan, typically in October. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Sunday, October 11, 2026 – Monday, October 12, 2026 - **2027**: Sunday, October 31, 2027 – Monday, November 1, 2027 ## Significance Cheshvan is called 'Mar Cheshvan' (bitter Cheshvan) because it has no holidays. The month represents the return to everyday life after the intense holiday season of Tishrei. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Cheshvan?** Cheshvan (also called Marcheshvan) is notable for being the only month with no holidays or special observances, earning it the nickname 'bitter Cheshvan.' Tradition holds that a future holiday will be assigned to Cheshvan as a reward for its patience. The prayer for rain (V'ten Tal U'Matar) begins on the 7th of Cheshvan in Israel. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan?** Like all Rosh Chodesh observances, half Hallel is recited, the Ya'aleh V'Yavo prayer is added to the Amidah and Birkat Hamazon, and a special Torah reading from Numbers 28:1-15 describes the Rosh Chodesh sacrifices. Musaf is also added to the morning service. Tachanun is not recited. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Kislev (ראש חודש כסלו)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Kislev marks the beginning of the month in which Chanukah falls. It can be one or two days." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-kislev" --- # Rosh Chodesh Kislev (ראש חודש כסלו) Rosh Chodesh Kislev marks the beginning of the month in which Chanukah falls. It can be one or two days. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Kislev? Rosh Chodesh Kislev falls in November or December. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Tuesday, November 10, 2026 – Wednesday, November 11, 2026 - **2027**: Tuesday, November 30, 2027 – Wednesday, December 1, 2027 ## Significance Kislev is the month of miracles and light, containing Chanukah. The new month heralds the approach of the Festival of Lights. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Kislev?** Kislev is the month of Chanukah, which begins on the 25th. It is associated with light, miracles, and the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Greeks. The month falls during the darkest time of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, making the theme of increasing light through the Chanukah candles especially resonant. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Kislev?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo in the Amidah and Birkat Hamazon, the special Torah reading from Numbers 28:1-15, and Musaf. Tachanun is omitted. As Kislev approaches, communities begin preparing for Chanukah, reviewing the laws of candle lighting and gathering supplies. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Tevet (ראש חודש טבת)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Tevet uniquely falls during Chanukah, making it a day with both Rosh Chodesh and Chanukah observances." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tevet" --- # Rosh Chodesh Tevet (ראש חודש טבת) Rosh Chodesh Tevet uniquely falls during Chanukah, making it a day with both Rosh Chodesh and Chanukah observances. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Tevet? Rosh Chodesh Tevet falls during Chanukah, in December or January. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, December 10, 2026 – Friday, December 11, 2026 - **2027**: Thursday, December 30, 2027 – Friday, December 31, 2027 ## Significance Rosh Chodesh Tevet is notable for occurring during Chanukah. Three Torah scrolls are read: for Rosh Chodesh, Chanukah, and the maftir. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about Rosh Chodesh Tevet?** Rosh Chodesh Tevet uniquely falls during Chanukah (the 6th or 7th candle), making it one of the few times Rosh Chodesh and a holiday overlap. The Torah service on this day includes three scrolls: the daily reading, the Rosh Chodesh reading, and the Chanukah reading. The month of Tevet also contains the fast of the 10th of Tevet. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Tevet?** Because Rosh Chodesh Tevet falls during Chanukah, the prayer service combines both observances: full Hallel (for Chanukah, not the usual half Hallel of Rosh Chodesh), Ya'aleh V'Yavo and Al HaNissim in the Amidah, and three Torah scrolls. This makes it one of the more liturgically complex days of the year. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Shevat (ראש חודש שבט)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Shevat marks the beginning of the month containing Tu BiShvat, the New Year for Trees." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-shevat" --- # Rosh Chodesh Shevat (ראש חודש שבט) Rosh Chodesh Shevat marks the beginning of the month containing Tu BiShvat, the New Year for Trees. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Shevat? Rosh Chodesh Shevat falls in January or February. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, January 19, 2026 - **2027**: Saturday, January 9, 2027 ## Significance Shevat marks the beginning of spring in the Land of Israel. Moses began his farewell address to the Israelites on the 1st of Shevat. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Shevat?** Shevat contains Tu BiShvat (the 15th of Shevat), the New Year for Trees. In the Land of Israel, this month marks the beginning of the almond blossom season, signaling the first stirrings of spring. The Torah portion read during Shevat often includes the theme of the Land of Israel's agricultural blessings. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Shevat?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo, the Rosh Chodesh Torah reading, and Musaf. In some communities, the approach of Tu BiShvat is anticipated with discussions about the significance of trees and fruit in Jewish law and thought. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Adar (ראש חודש אדר)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Adar marks the beginning of the month of Adar, the happiest month in the Jewish calendar. In a leap year, t" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-adar" --- # Rosh Chodesh Adar (ראש חודש אדר) Rosh Chodesh Adar marks the beginning of the month of Adar, the happiest month in the Jewish calendar. In a leap year, there are two months of Adar. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Adar? Rosh Chodesh Adar falls in February or March. In a leap year, Rosh Chodesh Adar II is the one before Purim. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Tuesday, February 17, 2026 – Wednesday, February 18, 2026 - **2027**: Sunday, February 7, 2027 – Wednesday, March 10, 2027 ## Significance When Adar begins, we increase in joy. The month contains Purim and is associated with the reversal of fortune described in the Book of Esther. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Adar?** The Talmud declares 'When Adar enters, joy increases,' because the month contains Purim. Adar is considered the most joyous month of the Jewish year. In a leap year, there are two months of Adar (Adar I and Adar II), and Purim is celebrated in Adar II. The mazal (sign) of Adar is Pisces (fish), symbolizing fertility and blessing. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Adar?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo, the special Torah reading, and Musaf. The atmosphere in the synagogue often becomes more joyful as the community anticipates Purim. In a leap year, Rosh Chodesh Adar I is observed with the same prayers, with the added joy of two months of Adar ahead. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Nisan (ראש חודש ניסן)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Nisan marks the beginning of the month of redemption, in which Passover falls. Nisan is considered the firs" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-nisan" --- # Rosh Chodesh Nisan (ראש חודש ניסן) Rosh Chodesh Nisan marks the beginning of the month of redemption, in which Passover falls. Nisan is considered the first month of the Jewish year for counting months. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Nisan? Rosh Chodesh Nisan falls in March or April. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, March 19, 2026 - **2027**: Thursday, April 8, 2027 ## Significance Nisan is the month of redemption in which the Exodus occurred. The Tabernacle was inaugurated on the 1st of Nisan, and Tachanun is not recited for the entire month. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Nisan?** Nisan is called the month of redemption, as the Exodus from Egypt occurred on the 15th of Nisan (Passover). It is considered the first month of the Jewish calendar for counting festivals. The entire month has a festive character — Tachanun is not recited throughout Nisan, eulogies are avoided, and public fasting is not permitted. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Nisan?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo, the Torah reading, and Musaf. Some have the custom of reading the section from the Torah describing the tribal leaders' offerings during the dedication of the Tabernacle, reading one leader's offering each day from the 1st through the 12th of Nisan. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Iyar (ראש חודש אייר)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Iyar marks the beginning of the month of Iyar, which falls during the Omer counting period between Passover" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-iyar" --- # Rosh Chodesh Iyar (ראש חודש אייר) Rosh Chodesh Iyar marks the beginning of the month of Iyar, which falls during the Omer counting period between Passover and Shavuot. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Iyar? Rosh Chodesh Iyar falls in April or May. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Friday, April 17, 2026 – Saturday, April 18, 2026 - **2027**: Friday, May 7, 2027 – Saturday, May 8, 2027 ## Significance Iyar is associated with healing—its Hebrew letters form an acronym for 'I am God your Healer.' It also contains several modern Israeli holidays. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Iyar?** Iyar falls entirely within the Omer counting period and contains several significant days: Pesach Sheni (14th), Lag BaOmer (18th), and Yom Yerushalayim (28th). In Israel, Yom HaZikaron (4th) and Yom HaAtzma'ut (5th) also fall in Iyar. The month is associated with healing — the Hebrew letters of Iyar are an acronym for 'Ani Hashem Rofecha' (I am God your healer). **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Iyar?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo, the Torah reading, and Musaf. Since Rosh Chodesh Iyar falls during the Omer period, the Omer counting continues at evening services. The semi-mourning customs of the Omer remain in effect on Rosh Chodesh itself. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Sivan (ראש חודש סיון)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Sivan marks the beginning of the month in which Shavuot falls and the Torah was given at Mount Sinai." source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-sivan" --- # Rosh Chodesh Sivan (ראש חודש סיון) Rosh Chodesh Sivan marks the beginning of the month in which Shavuot falls and the Torah was given at Mount Sinai. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Sivan? Rosh Chodesh Sivan falls in May or June. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Sunday, May 17, 2026 - **2027**: Sunday, June 6, 2027 ## Significance Sivan is the month the Torah was given. The Israelites arrived at Mount Sinai on the 1st of Sivan and camped 'as one person with one heart,' achieving the unity necessary to receive the Torah. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Sivan?** Sivan is the month in which the Torah was given at Mount Sinai. Shavuot falls on the 6th of Sivan (6th and 7th in the diaspora). The first days of Sivan are known as the 'Three Days of Preparation' (Sheloshet Yemei Hagbalah), during which the Israelites prepared to receive the Torah. Tachanun is not recited from Rosh Chodesh through the 12th of Sivan. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Sivan?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo, the Torah reading, and Musaf. The Omer counting continues, reaching its final days. The festive atmosphere builds as Shavuot approaches just five days later, and communities begin preparing for the all-night Torah study of Tikkun Leil Shavuot. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Tammuz (ראש חודש תמוז)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Tammuz marks the beginning of the month containing the Fast of the 17th of Tammuz, which begins the Three W" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tammuz" --- # Rosh Chodesh Tammuz (ראש חודש תמוז) Rosh Chodesh Tammuz marks the beginning of the month containing the Fast of the 17th of Tammuz, which begins the Three Weeks mourning period. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Tammuz? Rosh Chodesh Tammuz falls in June or July. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Monday, June 15, 2026 – Tuesday, June 16, 2026 - **2027**: Monday, July 5, 2027 – Tuesday, July 6, 2027 ## Significance Tammuz begins a period of increasing solemnity leading to Tisha B'Av. The 17th of Tammuz marks the breach of Jerusalem's walls. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Tammuz?** Tammuz is a month associated with mourning. The 17th of Tammuz is a fast day commemorating the breach of Jerusalem's walls, and it marks the beginning of the Three Weeks of mourning leading to Tisha B'Av. According to tradition, the sin of the Golden Calf and Moses' breaking of the first tablets occurred during this month. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Tammuz?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo, the Torah reading, and Musaf. Though Rosh Chodesh itself is a joyful day, the community is aware that the solemn Three Weeks period begins later in the month on the 17th of Tammuz. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Av (ראש חודש אב)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Av marks the beginning of the month containing Tisha B'Av. The Nine Days of intensified mourning begin on t" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-av" --- # Rosh Chodesh Av (ראש חודש אב) Rosh Chodesh Av marks the beginning of the month containing Tisha B'Av. The Nine Days of intensified mourning begin on the 1st of Av. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Av? Rosh Chodesh Av falls in July or August. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Wednesday, July 15, 2026 - **2027**: Wednesday, August 4, 2027 ## Significance Av is the month of both great sorrow and future consolation. While Tisha B'Av commemorates the Temple's destruction, Tu B'Av is one of the most joyous days of the year. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Av?** Av is the most somber month of the Jewish year, containing Tisha B'Av (the 9th), when both Temples were destroyed. The first nine days of Av (the 'Nine Days') carry heightened mourning restrictions: no meat or wine (except on Shabbat), no swimming for pleasure, no laundering clothes, and no weddings. However, after Tisha B'Av, the mood lifts, culminating in the joyful Tu B'Av on the 15th. **What prayers are recited on Rosh Chodesh Av?** Standard Rosh Chodesh prayers are recited: half Hallel, Ya'aleh V'Yavo, the Torah reading, and Musaf. Since Rosh Chodesh Av marks the beginning of the Nine Days, mourning restrictions intensify from this day. Despite this, Rosh Chodesh retains its festive character, and meat and wine are permitted at a Rosh Chodesh meal. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Rosh Chodesh Elul (ראש חודש אלול)" description: "Rosh Chodesh Elul marks the beginning of the month of preparation before Rosh Hashanah. The shofar is blown daily throug" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-elul" --- # Rosh Chodesh Elul (ראש חודש אלול) Rosh Chodesh Elul marks the beginning of the month of preparation before Rosh Hashanah. The shofar is blown daily throughout Elul, and Sephardi communities begin reciting Selichot. ## When Is Rosh Chodesh Elul? Rosh Chodesh Elul falls in August or September. ### Upcoming Dates - **2026**: Thursday, August 13, 2026 – Friday, August 14, 2026 - **2027**: Thursday, September 2, 2027 – Friday, September 3, 2027 ## Significance Elul is the month of mercy and forgiveness. Its Hebrew letters form an acronym for 'Ani L'dodi V'dodi Li' (I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine), symbolizing the closeness between God and the Jewish people. ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is significant about the month of Elul?** Elul is the month of preparation for the High Holidays. The name Elul is seen as an acronym for 'Ani L'Dodi V'Dodi Li' (I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine), expressing the intimate relationship between God and the Jewish people during this period of repentance. Moses ascended Mount Sinai for the third time on the 1st of Elul to receive the second set of tablets. **What special prayers and customs begin in Elul?** In Ashkenazi communities, the shofar is blown every weekday morning throughout Elul (except Erev Rosh Hashanah) to inspire repentance. Psalm 27, with its themes of seeking God's presence, is added to morning and evening prayers. Sephardi communities begin reciting Selichot from the 1st of Elul. Many people increase their Torah study, prayer, and charitable giving during this month. **Related prayers:** [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/rosh-chodesh-musaf), [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel) --- --- title: "Torah — Five Books of Moses" description: "Complete Hebrew text with nikud — 187 chapters, 5,845 verses" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/torah" --- # Torah — Five Books of Moses The Torah (תורה), also known as the Five Books of Moses or the Pentateuch, is the most sacred text in Judaism. It contains 187 chapters, 5,845 verses, and 304,805 letters, written on a parchment scroll by a trained scribe (sofer). The Torah is read publicly in synagogues on Mondays, Thursdays, Shabbat, and holidays. The entire Torah is completed in an annual cycle, celebrated on Simchat Torah. **5 books · 187 chapters · 5,845 verses · 304,805 letters** ### Bereishit (Genesis) 50 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/bereishit) From Creation to the descent of Jacob's family to Egypt. Covers the patriarchs and matriarchs, the covenant with Abraham, and the story of Joseph. ### Shemot (Exodus) 40 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/shemot) From slavery in Egypt to the revelation at Sinai and the construction of the Tabernacle. Includes the Exodus, the Ten Commandments, and the golden calf. ### Vayikra (Leviticus) 27 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/vayikra) Laws of offerings, purity, holiness, and the priestly service. Contains the Yom Kippur service and the command to love your neighbor. ### Bamidbar (Numbers) 36 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/bamidbar) The forty-year journey through the wilderness. Includes the census, the spies, Korach's rebellion, and Bilaam's blessings. ### Devarim (Deuteronomy) 34 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/devarim) Moses's farewell addresses to the Israelites before entering the Promised Land. Reviews laws and history, and includes the Shema. --- --- title: "Prophets (Nevi'im)" description: "Complete Hebrew text with nikud — 380 chapters, 9,296 verses across 21 books" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/prophets" --- # Prophets (Nevi'im) The Prophets (נביאים, Nevi'im) are the second of three sections of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh). They contain 21 books, 380 chapters, and 9,296 verses, spanning from the conquest of the Land of Israel through the return from Babylonian exile. Selections from the Prophets are read as the Haftarah in synagogues every Shabbat and on holidays, paired with the weekly Torah portion. The prophetic books contain timeless messages of justice, repentance, and hope. **21 books · 380 chapters · 9,296 verses** ### Yehoshua (Joshua) 24 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yehoshua) The conquest and settlement of the Land of Israel under Joshua's leadership. Covers the crossing of the Jordan, the fall of Jericho, and the division of the land among the tribes. ### Shoftim (Judges) 21 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/shoftim) The era of the Judges, a cycle of sin, oppression, and deliverance. Features leaders like Deborah, Gideon, and Samson who rallied Israel in times of crisis. ### Shmuel Alef (I Samuel) 31 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/shmuel-alef) The transition from the period of Judges to the monarchy. Covers the birth of Samuel, the rise of King Saul, and the anointing of the young David. ### Shmuel Bet (II Samuel) 24 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/shmuel-bet) The reign of King David — his triumphs, failures, and the consolidation of the kingdom. Includes the conquest of Jerusalem and the promise of an eternal dynasty. ### Melachim Alef (I Kings) 22 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/melachim-alef) From the reign of King Solomon and the building of the First Temple to the division of the kingdom into Israel and Judah. Features the prophet Elijah. ### Melachim Bet (II Kings) 25 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/melachim-bet) The decline and fall of the two kingdoms. Covers the prophets Elijah and Elisha, the Assyrian exile of Israel, and the Babylonian destruction of the Temple. ### Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 66 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yeshayahu) Visions of judgment and consolation. Contains some of the most famous messianic prophecies, calls for social justice, and promises of ultimate redemption. ### Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah) 52 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yirmiyahu) Prophecies during the final years of the Kingdom of Judah. Jeremiah warns of the coming destruction, mourns the exile, and promises a new covenant. ### Yechezkel (Ezekiel) 48 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yechezkel) Prophecies from Babylonian exile. Features dramatic visions including the divine chariot, the valley of dry bones, and the future Temple. ### Hoshea (Hosea) 14 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/hoshea) A message of God's enduring love for Israel despite unfaithfulness. Uses the metaphor of a marriage to describe the covenant relationship. ### Yoel (Joel) 4 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yoel) A call to repentance following a devastating locust plague. Contains the famous prophecy about the outpouring of the spirit in the end of days. ### Amos 9 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/amos) A shepherd from Tekoa who delivers powerful messages of social justice and warns against complacency and oppression of the poor. ### Ovadyah (Obadiah) 1 chapter · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/ovadyah) The shortest book of the Prophets — a single chapter prophesying judgment against Edom for its betrayal of Israel. ### Yonah (Jonah) 4 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yonah) The story of the reluctant prophet who flees from God's mission to Nineveh, is swallowed by a great fish, and ultimately delivers God's message. ### Micha (Micah) 7 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/micha) Prophecies of judgment and hope from a rural prophet. Contains the famous verse: "Do justice, love kindness, and walk humbly with your God." ### Nachum (Nahum) 3 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/nachum) A vivid prophecy of the downfall of Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian Empire, as divine retribution for its cruelty. ### Chavakuk (Habakkuk) 3 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/chavakuk) A dialogue between the prophet and God about the problem of evil and injustice. Concludes with a powerful declaration of faith. ### Tzfanyah (Zephaniah) 3 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/tzfanyah) Prophecies of the Day of the Lord — judgment upon the nations and the purification of a faithful remnant of Israel. ### Chaggai (Haggai) 2 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/chaggai) A call to the returned exiles to rebuild the Temple. Encourages the people not to despair but to trust in God's promise of future glory. ### Zecharyah (Zechariah) 14 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/zecharyah) Apocalyptic visions and messianic prophecies. Encourages the rebuilding of the Temple and foresees the ultimate redemption of Jerusalem. ### Malachi 3 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/malachi) The final prophetic book. Addresses issues of Temple worship, tithing, and faithfulness, and promises the coming of Elijah before the great day of the Lord. --- --- title: "Writings (Ketuvim)" description: "Complete Hebrew text with nikud — 362 chapters, 8,064 verses across 13 books" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/writings" --- # Writings (Ketuvim) The Writings (כתובים, Ketuvim) are the third and final section of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh). They contain 13 books, 362 chapters, and 8,064 verses, encompassing poetry, wisdom literature, history, and prophetic visions. The Writings include some of the most beloved texts in Jewish tradition — the Psalms recited daily in prayer, the Five Megillot read on holidays, and the wisdom of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. Together with the Torah and Prophets, they complete the Tanakh. **13 books · 362 chapters · 8,064 verses** ### Tehillim (Psalms) 150 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/tehillim) The Book of Psalms — 150 chapters of praise, prayer, and poetry attributed primarily to King David. The most widely recited book in Jewish liturgy. ### Mishlei (Proverbs) 31 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/mishlei) Wisdom literature attributed to King Solomon. A collection of practical moral teachings, proverbs, and insights for righteous living. ### Iyov (Job) 42 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/iyov) The story of Job — a righteous man tested by suffering. Explores the profound questions of divine justice, human suffering, and faith. ### Shir HaShirim (Song of Songs) 8 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/shir-hashirim) An allegorical love poem traditionally attributed to Solomon. Interpreted as depicting the love between God and the people of Israel. ### Ruth 4 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/ruth) The story of Ruth the Moabite and her devotion to her mother-in-law Naomi. A tale of loyalty, kindness, and the ancestry of King David. ### Eicha (Lamentations) 5 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/eicha) Five chapters of lamentation over the destruction of Jerusalem and the First Temple. Read on Tisha B'Av, the saddest day in the Jewish calendar. ### Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) 12 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/kohelet) Philosophical reflections on the meaning of life, attributed to King Solomon. Explores the vanity of worldly pursuits and the importance of fearing God. ### Esther 10 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/esther) The story of Queen Esther and the salvation of the Jewish people from Haman's plot. Read on Purim from the Megillah scroll. ### Daniel 12 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/daniel) Stories of faith in the Babylonian exile and apocalyptic visions. Includes Daniel in the lion's den and prophecies about the end of days. ### Ezra 10 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/ezra) The return from Babylonian exile and the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem. Ezra leads a spiritual revival and restoration of Torah study. ### Nechemia (Nehemiah) 13 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/nechemia) The rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem under Nehemiah's leadership. Chronicles the physical and spiritual restoration of the Jewish community. ### Divrei HaYamim Alef (I Chronicles) 29 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/divrei-hayamim-alef) A retelling of Israel's history from Adam through King David, focusing on the Davidic dynasty, the tribal genealogies, and preparations for the Temple. ### Divrei HaYamim Bet (II Chronicles) 36 chapters · [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/divrei-hayamim-bet) From the reign of Solomon and the building of the Temple through the Babylonian exile. Concludes with the decree of Cyrus allowing the return to Zion. --- --- title: "Weekly Torah Portions (Parshiot)" description: "54 weekly Torah portions with summaries, chapter references, and Torah text links" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/parsha" --- # Weekly Torah Portions (Parshiot) The Torah (Five Books of Moses) is divided into 54 weekly portions called parshiot (singular: parsha or parashah). Each Shabbat, Jewish communities around the world read the same portion, completing the entire Torah in one year. The annual cycle begins and ends on Simchat Torah, a joyous holiday celebrating the completion and renewal of Torah reading. On some weeks, two portions are combined to ensure the cycle completes on time. ## Genesis - **Bereshit** (בְּרֵאשִׁית) — Genesis 1:1-6:8: The creation of the world in six days, Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, the first sin, Cain and Abel, and the generations leading to Noah. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bereshit) - **Noach** (נֹחַ) — Genesis 6:9-11:32: Noah builds the ark, the great flood destroys the world, the rainbow covenant, the Tower of Babel, and the lineage to Abraham. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/noach) - **Lech Lecha** (לֶךְ־לְךָ) — Genesis 12:1-17:27: God calls Abraham to leave his homeland, his journey to Canaan, the covenant between the pieces, Hagar and Ishmael, and the covenant of circumcision. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/lech-lecha) - **Vayera** (וַיֵּרָא) — Genesis 18:1-22:24: Three angels visit Abraham, the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the birth of Isaac, and the binding of Isaac (Akeidat Yitzchak). [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayera) - **Chayei Sara** (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה) — Genesis 23:1-25:18: Sarah's death and burial in the Cave of Machpelah, finding a wife for Isaac, Rebecca's journey, and Abraham's death. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/chayei-sara) - **Toldot** (תּוֹלְדֹת) — Genesis 25:19-28:9: The birth of Jacob and Esau, Esau sells his birthright, Isaac's blessings, and Jacob flees to Haran. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/toldot) - **Vayetzei** (וַיֵּצֵא) — Genesis 28:10-32:3: Jacob's dream of the ladder, his years working for Laban, marriage to Leah and Rachel, the birth of the tribes, and return to Canaan. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayetzei) - **Vayishlach** (וַיִּשְׁלַח) — Genesis 32:4-36:43: Jacob wrestles with the angel and becomes Israel, reconciliation with Esau, the incident at Shechem, Rachel's death, and Esau's descendants. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayishlach) - **Vayeshev** (וַיֵּשֶׁב) — Genesis 37:1-40:23: Joseph's dreams, his brothers sell him into slavery, Judah and Tamar, Joseph in Potiphar's house, and Joseph interprets dreams in prison. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayeshev) - **Miketz** (מִקֵּץ) — Genesis 41:1-44:17: Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams, becomes viceroy of Egypt, the famine brings his brothers to Egypt, and Benjamin is framed. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/miketz) - **Vayigash** (וַיִּגַּשׁ) — Genesis 44:18-47:27: Judah pleads for Benjamin, Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, Jacob's family moves to Egypt, and they settle in Goshen. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayigash) - **Vayechi** (וַיְחִי) — Genesis 47:28-50:26: Jacob blesses his sons and grandsons, Jacob's death and burial in Canaan, and Joseph's death in Egypt. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayechi) ## Exodus - **Shemot** (שְׁמוֹת) — Exodus 1:1-6:1: The Israelites enslaved in Egypt, Moses's birth and early life, the burning bush, and Moses returns to Egypt to confront Pharaoh. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shemot) - **Va'era** (וָאֵרָא) — Exodus 6:2-9:35: God's promise of redemption, the first seven plagues: blood, frogs, lice, wild beasts, pestilence, boils, and hail. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vaera) - **Bo** (בֹּא) — Exodus 10:1-13:16: The final three plagues: locusts, darkness, and death of the firstborn. The first Passover and the Exodus from Egypt. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bo) - **Beshalach** (בְּשַׁלַּח) — Exodus 13:17-17:16: The splitting of the Red Sea, the Song of the Sea, manna from heaven, water from the rock, and the battle with Amalek. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/beshalach) - **Yitro** (יִתְרוֹ) — Exodus 18:1-20:23: Jethro visits Moses, the revelation at Mount Sinai, and the giving of the Ten Commandments. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/yitro) - **Mishpatim** (מִשְׁפָּטִים) — Exodus 21:1-24:18: Civil and criminal laws, laws of justice and compassion, and the covenant ceremony at Sinai. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/mishpatim) - **Terumah** (תְּרוּמָה) — Exodus 25:1-27:19: Instructions for building the Tabernacle, the Ark of the Covenant, the Table, the Menorah, and the altar. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/terumah) - **Tetzaveh** (תְּצַוֶּה) — Exodus 27:20-30:10: The priestly garments, the consecration of Aaron and his sons, and the incense altar. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/tetzaveh) - **Ki Tisa** (כִּי תִשָּׂא) — Exodus 30:11-34:35: The census, the golden calf, Moses breaks the tablets, God's thirteen attributes of mercy, and the second tablets. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/ki-tisa) - **Vayakhel** (וַיַּקְהֵל) — Exodus 35:1-38:20: Moses assembles the people, Shabbat laws, and the construction of the Tabernacle begins. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayakhel) - **Pekudei** (פְקוּדֵי) — Exodus 38:21-40:38: An accounting of the Tabernacle materials, completion of the priestly garments, and God's glory fills the Tabernacle. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/pekudei) ## Leviticus - **Vayikra** (וַיִּקְרָא) — Leviticus 1:1-5:26: Laws of the various offerings: burnt offerings, meal offerings, peace offerings, sin offerings, and guilt offerings. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayikra) - **Tzav** (צַו) — Leviticus 6:1-8:36: Further laws of offerings, the eternal flame, and the seven-day consecration of Aaron and his sons. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/tzav) - **Shmini** (שְּׁמִינִי) — Leviticus 9:1-11:47: The eighth day of consecration, the death of Nadab and Abihu, and the laws of kosher animals. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shmini) - **Tazria** (תַזְרִיעַ) — Leviticus 12:1-13:59: Laws of ritual purity after childbirth and the laws of tzaraat (skin afflictions). [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/tazria) - **Metzora** (מְּצֹרָע) — Leviticus 14:1-15:33: Purification process for tzaraat, tzaraat of houses, and laws of bodily discharges. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/metzora) - **Achrei Mot** (אַחֲרֵי מוֹת) — Leviticus 16:1-18:30: The Yom Kippur service, the scapegoat ritual, prohibition of consuming blood, and forbidden relationships. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/achrei-mot) - **Kedoshim** (קְדשִׁים) — Leviticus 19:1-20:27: "Be holy" - ethical and ritual laws including love your neighbor, respect for parents, and honest business practices. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/kedoshim) - **Emor** (אֱמֹר) — Leviticus 21:1-24:23: Laws for priests, the Jewish holidays calendar, the menorah and showbread, and the blasphemer's punishment. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/emor) - **Behar** (בְּהַר) — Leviticus 25:1-26:2: The sabbatical year (Shemitah), the Jubilee year, laws of land ownership, and treatment of servants. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/behar) - **Bechukotai** (בְּחֻקֹּתַי) — Leviticus 26:3-27:34: Blessings for obedience, curses for disobedience (the Tochachah), and laws of vows and valuations. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bechukotai) ## Numbers - **Bamidbar** (בְּמִדְבַּר) — Numbers 1:1-4:20: Census of the Israelites, arrangement of the camp around the Tabernacle, and the duties of the Levites. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bamidbar) - **Nasso** (נָשֹׂא) — Numbers 4:21-7:89: Levite duties, the sotah ritual, the Nazirite vow, the Priestly Blessing, and the tribal leaders' offerings. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/nasso) - **Beha'alotcha** (בְּהַעֲלֹתְךָ) — Numbers 8:1-12:16: The menorah, Pesach Sheni, the cloud and fire, complaints in the wilderness, and Miriam's leprosy. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/behaalotcha) - **Sh'lach** (שְׁלַח) — Numbers 13:1-15:41: The twelve spies, the people's lack of faith, the 40-year decree, laws of offerings, and the tzitzit commandment. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shlach) - **Korach** (קֹרַח) — Numbers 16:1-18:32: Korach's rebellion, the earth swallows the rebels, Aaron's staff blossoms, and gifts to the priests and Levites. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/korach) - **Chukat** (חֻקַּת) — Numbers 19:1-22:1: The red heifer, Miriam's death, Moses strikes the rock, Aaron's death, the bronze serpent, and victories in battle. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/chukat) - **Balak** (בָּלָק) — Numbers 22:2-25:9: Balak hires Bilaam to curse Israel, the talking donkey, Bilaam's blessings, and the sin at Baal Peor. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/balak) - **Pinchas** (פִּינְחָס) — Numbers 25:10-30:1: Pinchas's reward, the second census, the daughters of Zelophehad, Joshua as successor, and the holiday offerings. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/pinchas) - **Matot** (מַּטּוֹת) — Numbers 30:2-32:42: Laws of vows, the war against Midian, division of spoils, and the tribes of Reuben and Gad settle east of the Jordan. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/matot) - **Masei** (מַסְעֵי) — Numbers 33:1-36:13: The 42 journeys in the wilderness, borders of the Land of Israel, cities of refuge, and inheritance laws. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/masei) ## Deuteronomy - **Devarim** (דְּבָרִים) — Deuteronomy 1:1-3:22: Moses begins his final address, recounting the journey from Sinai, the spies, and the conquests east of the Jordan. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/devarim) - **Va'etchanan** (וָאֶתְחַנַּן) — Deuteronomy 3:23-7:11: Moses pleads to enter the Land, the Ten Commandments repeated, the Shema, and warnings against idolatry. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vaetchanan) - **Eikev** (עֵקֶב) — Deuteronomy 7:12-11:25: Blessings for obedience, warnings against pride, the second tablets, and the land's dependence on rain. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/eikev) - **Re'eh** (רְאֵה) — Deuteronomy 11:26-16:17: Blessing and curse, the chosen place, kosher laws, tithes, the sabbatical year, and the three pilgrimage festivals. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/reeh) - **Shoftim** (שֹׁפְטִים) — Deuteronomy 16:18-21:9: Judges and officers, the king, priests, prophets, cities of refuge, and laws of warfare. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shoftim) - **Ki Teitzei** (כִּי־תֵצֵא) — Deuteronomy 21:10-25:19: 74 commandments covering family law, social justice, honest business, and remembering Amalek. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/ki-teitzei) - **Ki Tavo** (כִּי־תָבוֹא) — Deuteronomy 26:1-29:8: First fruits declaration, the tochachah (blessings and curses), and the covenant renewal. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/ki-tavo) - **Nitzavim** (נִצָּבִים) — Deuteronomy 29:9-30:20: The covenant includes all generations, the choice between life and death, and the accessibility of Torah. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/nitzavim) - **Vayeilech** (וַיֵּלֶךְ) — Deuteronomy 31:1-31:30: Moses's final day, Joshua commissioned as leader, the commandment of Hakhel, and the Torah given to the Levites. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayeilech) - **Ha'azinu** (הַאֲזִינוּ) — Deuteronomy 32:1-32:52: Moses's song recounting God's faithfulness and Israel's history, and Moses is told to ascend Mount Nebo. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/haazinu) - **Vezot Haberakhah** (וְזֹאת הַבְּרָכָה) — Deuteronomy 33:1-34:12: Moses blesses each tribe, Moses's death on Mount Nebo, and the conclusion of the Torah. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vezot-haberakhah) --- --- title: "Shabbat Times & Zmanim (Halachic Times)" description: "Candle lighting times, Havdalah times, and daily halachic prayer times for every city worldwide, with dedicated pages for 3,155 cities in 162 countries plus 41,488 US ZIP codes" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times" --- # Shabbat Times Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath) begins every Friday at sunset and ends Saturday night when three stars appear. Candles are traditionally lit 18 minutes before sunset. ## What Time Does Shabbat Start? Shabbat candle lighting times vary by location and time of year. In the summer, Shabbat may begin as late as 8:00 PM, while in winter it may start as early as 4:00 PM. Am Hazak provides weekly Shabbat times for every city in the world, with dedicated pages for 3,155 cities across 162 countries and 41,488 US ZIP codes. ## Key Shabbat Prayers - **Candle Lighting**: Blessing recited when lighting Shabbat candles, 18 minutes before sunset. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/candle-lighting) - **Kiddush**: Sanctification over wine on Friday night and Shabbat day. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddush) - **Havdalah**: Ceremony with wine, spices, and braided candle marking the end of Shabbat. [Read](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/havdalah) ## Dedicated City Pages (3,155 cities, 162 countries) - **China** (418): [Shanghai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1796236), [Beijing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816670), [Shenzhen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795565), [Guangzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809858), [Chengdu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815286), [Tianjin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1792947), [Wuhan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791247), [Dongguan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812545), [Xi’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790630), [Nanjing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799962), [Hangzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808926), [Foshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1811103), [Chongqing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814906), [Qingdao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797929), [Shenyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2034937), [Suzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1886760), [Harbin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2037013), [Hefei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808722), [Dalian](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814087), [Changchun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038180), [Xiamen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790645), [Bao'an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13308620), [Wuxi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790923), [Jinan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805753), [Taiyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793511), [Zhengzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1784658), [Shijiazhuang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795270), [Kunming](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804651), [Zhongshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6986104), [Nanning](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799869), [Shantou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795940), [Fuzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810821), [Ningbo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799397), [Puyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798425), [Shiyan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1794903), [Tangshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793346), [Lüliang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13512505), [Changzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815456), [Zibo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785286), [Changsha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815577), [Guiyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809461), [Ürümqi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529102), [Lanzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804430), [Huizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806776), [Haikou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809078), [Linyi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803318), [Baoding](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816971), [Wenzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791388), [Yunfu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785725), [Huai'an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797873), [Nanchang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1800163), [Hohhot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036892), [Shaoxing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795855), [Nantong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799722), [Yantai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787093), [Zhuhai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790437), [Baotou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038432), [Qingyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12359313), [Kunshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785623), [Weifang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791681), [Zunyi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783621), [Lianyungang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10859300), [Ganzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810638), [Ordos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8347664), [Jieyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797121), [Jilin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036502), [Nanchong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1800146), [Datong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2037799), [Nanyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799629), [Jiangmen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806299), [Jiangyin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815251), [Fuyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810845), [Bayan Nur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11838258), [Chaozhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815395), [Qingyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797945), [Tai’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793724), [Xining](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788852), [Changshu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7283386), [Huainan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1807681), [Suzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793743), [Lu’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1802206), [Yancheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787746), [Taizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793505), [Daqing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2037860), [Wuhu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791236), [Dazhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1813325), [Yangzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787227), [Guilin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809498), [Zhaoqing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1784853), [Mianyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1800627), [Wanzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12358576), [Putian](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798449), [Shangqiu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783934), [Yinchuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786657), [Taizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8400694), [Yiwu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814870), [Quanzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797353), [Jinhua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805528), [Cixi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806602), [Changde](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791121), [Kaifeng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804879), [Anshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038632), [Baoji](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10942359), [Suqian](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793771), [Liuzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803300), [Zhangjiagang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787331), [Jinjiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797658), [Bozhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816234), [Qujing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797318), [Zhanjiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1784990), [Fushun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2037355), [Luoyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1801792), [Guankou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1802875), [Handan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808963), [Yichang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786764), [Heze](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808198), [Liupanshui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8533133), [Maoming](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1801180), [Qinzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797551), [Luohe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1801934), [Xiangyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790587), [Yangjiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806408), [Yixing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786760), [Xuchang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788046), [Zigong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783745), [Xuzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10630003), [Neijiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799491), [Heshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808316), [Jining](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805518), [Xinyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788534), [Liaocheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803834), [Jinzhong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10942283), [Changzhi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808956), [Tianshui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1792892), [Weinan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791636), [Jiaxing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805953), [Jiujiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805179), [Anyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785294), [Luohu District](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13405906), [Bijie](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816373), [Zhuzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783763), [Shangrao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787858), [Huaibei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1807700), [Meishan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1800818), [Fuzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810820), [Guigang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809532), [Hengyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808370), [Yulin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785781), [Jingzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805540), [Xinxiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788572), [Yichun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786746), [Xianyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790353), [Sanya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1796556), [Shaoguan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795874), [Longyan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1802276), [Yongzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786217), [Huzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806535), [Wuwei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803936), [Hanzhong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808857), [Hezhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7576887), [Zhu Cheng City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7602670), [Dongying](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812101), [Luzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1801640), [Meizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1800779), [Yueyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1927639), [Laiwu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804591), [Benxi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038300), [Pingdingshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798827), [Bengbu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816440), [Sanhe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1796823), [Xiangtan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790492), [Linfen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803567), [Zhenjiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1784642), [Huludao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036662), [Baoshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1281673), [Rui’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797063), [Laibin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804609), [Xiaogan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790254), [Ziyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783683), [Quzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797264), [Zaozhuang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785453), [Pingxiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798654), [Zhoushan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1886762), [Qiqihar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2035265), [Puning](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1802940), [Ankang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1789065), [Langfang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804540), [Jiaozuo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805987), [Wanxian](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791748), [Guang’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799194), [Weihai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791673), [Zhabei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785412), [Xinyu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788508), [Yibin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786770), [Taicang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793703), [Chenzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815059), [Anqing](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1817993), [Xingtai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788927), [Zhaotong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1784841), [Panzhihua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6929460), [Chuzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814757), [Xuancheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788081), [Shangyu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1817720), [Anshun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1817968), [Wuzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790840), [Qinhuangdao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1797595), [Shaoyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816920), [Hegang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036986), [Ma’anshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1801620), [Shizuishan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12324556), [Deyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812961), [Yangquan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787351), [Zhumadian](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783873), [Changzhi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815463), [Zhangjiakou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2033196), [Fuxin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2037346), [Changsha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1796989), [Huangshi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1807234), [Liaoyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036113), [Baise](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816269), [Binzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816336), [Yuncheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785738), [Dezhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812955), [Sanmenxia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1796669), [E’zhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6642286), [Mudanjiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2035715), [Leshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804153), [Rizhao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9072919), [Suining](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793900), [Puyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9181182), [Hebi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808770), [Jingmen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805611), [Dandong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2037886), [Panshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2035513), [Jiaozhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806096), [Suizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793879), [Chizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814934), [Ya'an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787816), [Jinzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036427), [Sanming](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1796663), [Shuangyashan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2034786), [Luancheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1802204), [Mengzi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13512502), [Yingkou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2033370), [Zhangzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785018), [Shihezi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529195), [Wenchang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791544), [Siping](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2034714), [Chuxiong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814760), [Huaihua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1807689), [Ulanqab](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8335361), [Jiamusi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036581), [Korla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529376), [Wanning](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791779), [Xinzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788450), [Pingdu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798821), [Ji’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806445), [Guli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809412), [Aqsu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529660), [Tanggu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793424), [Shangluo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1796068), [Qionghai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806488), [Cangzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816080), [Beihai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816705), [Hengshui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808392), [Guangyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806466), [Xianning](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790396), [Tonghua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2034414), [Mianzhu, Deyang, Sichuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12492662), [Banan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1909733), [Zhangye](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785036), [Kashgar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1280849), [Zhoukou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1784130), [Pingliang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798760), [Zhucheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783988), [Loudi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1802238), [Shanwei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795928), [Jianshui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9931406), [Xichang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1789647), [Chéngguān Qū](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13527052), [Jincheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805741), [Yan’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787765), [Shouguang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1794794), [Jingdezhen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805680), [Jiaojiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809061), [Nanping](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799846), [Longshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036109), [Heyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786112), [Huangshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1792359), [Wafangdian](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1792260), [Lishui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803245), [Wenshan City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8505006), [Chengde](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038087), [Basuo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816858), [Zhangjiajie](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1813171), [Bei’an](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038365), [Ningde](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806097), [Jiuquan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279945), [Dingxi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812749), [Tongchuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7064006), [Guyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809152), [Chaoyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038120), [Gujangbagh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1281019), [Jixi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036389), [Tongling](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1792621), [Gaomi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810458), [Chongzuo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12159964), [Tanzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1913154), [Hechuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808212), [Xuanhua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2033574), [Fenghuang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7304020), [Huanggang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8537264), [Anqiu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1817990), [Jizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805029), [Huocheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11694038), [Lhoka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8067345), [Pengze](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798900), [Xilinhot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8054802), [Hulunbuir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12548253), [Daye](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1813206), [Chifeng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038067), [Yunlong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12277239), [Qitaihe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2035261), [Pizhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785716), [Shiqi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795060), [Laixi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1794479), [Tieling](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2034439), [Hechi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12358476), [Tongshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787824), [Yanji](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2033467), [Lincang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803590), [Xingyi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1807566), [Tantou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6958518), [Baicheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2038569), [Lianshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036434), [Changyi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815482), [Xinyi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1789262), [Yangshuo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787323), [Linqu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803364), [Simao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1794209), [Baiyin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1817240), [Gaozhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810295), [Xiuying](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788245), [Dengzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812990), [Artux](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1281743), [Qibao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1798097), [Xinyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529046), [Enshi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1811720), [Binhe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793419), [Zoucheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783633), [Fangchenggang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12269572), [Kaili](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804866), [Xingning](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8594670), [Linxia Chengguanzhen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803331), [Turpan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529114), [Longling County](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12492660), [Ghulja](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529435), [Fuling](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810979), [Chengzhong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786640), [Hulan Ergi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036670), [Donghai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812521), [Dongtai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1812228), [Karamay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529401), [Tongliao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2034400), [Nianbo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1799471), [Changle](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1815669), [Jining](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036458), [Rugao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10942183), [Suicheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1793899), [Nada](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1800234), [Yanzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1787031), [Laohekou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804386), [Suihua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2034655), [Beibei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816790), [Shijie](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1916862), [Hami](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529484), [Huayin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1806988), [Jiyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805012), [Xiantao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790371), [Qingzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786731), [Yuci](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785974), [Bole](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8521718), [Dali](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814093), [Jiayuguan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1280957), [Changzheng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7843638), [Jinchang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805733), [Fendou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2035225), [Huanggang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1807508), [Jingling](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805618), [Heihe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2036973), [Tongchuanshi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1795196), [Xintai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1788618), [Wuxue](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1790894), [Wuhai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1791249), [Yintai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12358616), [Jinzhou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1805298), [Longgang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1802656), [Yingtan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1786577), [Zitong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1783700), [Luojiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1801909), [Lijiang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1813253), [Hailar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2037078), [Daliang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1814082), [Bachuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1817848), [Hangu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1808931), [Gunan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1809380), [Jinghong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1785710), [Gongheyong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6958503), [Nanchuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8544703), [Bishan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1816329), [Gaoping](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1810437), [Nyingchi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13512708), [Beiliu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1803551), [Changji](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1529569), [Duyun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1811764), [Kaiyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1804850), [Mentougou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1800657), [Lushui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13512503) - **India** (265): [Mumbai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275339), [Delhi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273294), [Bengaluru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1277333), [Hyderabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269843), [Ahmedabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279233), [Chennai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1264527), [Kolkata](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275004), [Surat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1255364), [Pune](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259229), [Jaipur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269515), [Kanpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1267995), [Navi Mumbai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6619347), [Lucknow](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1264733), [Nagpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262180), [Coimbatore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273865), [Indore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269743), [Thāne](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254661), [Vadodara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253573), [Bhopal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275841), [Rasapūdipalem](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258393), [Pimpri-Chinchwad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7626690), [Patna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1260086), [Kallakurichi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12165956), [Ludhiana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1264728), [Nashik](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261731), [Madurai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1264521), [Tirunelveli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254361), [Agra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279259), [Faridabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271951), [Rājkot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258847), [Najafgarh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262111), [Jamshedpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269300), [Gorakhpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270926), [Pimpri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259652), [Kalyān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1268295), [Dombivali](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272423), [Meerut](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1263214), [Virār](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253133), [Nowrangapur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261162), [Srinagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1255634), [Ghāziābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271308), [Dhanbad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272979), [Aurangabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278149), [Varanasi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253405), [Amritsar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278710), [Vijayawada](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253184), [Ranchi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258526), [Jabalpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269633), [Prayagraj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278994), [Visakhapatnam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253102), [Jodhpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1268865), [Gwalior](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270583), [Teni](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254745), [Howrah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270396), [Raipur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258980), [Tiruchirappalli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254388), [Kota](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1266049), [Shivaji Nagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6943660), [Sholapur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256436), [Chandigarh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1274746), [Tiruppur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254348), [Guwahati](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271476), [Hubballi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269920), [Mysuru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262321), [Salem](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1257629), [Gurugram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270642), [Bhubaneswar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275817), [Bhiwandi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275901), [Jalandhar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1268782), [Rohini](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12069922), [Kanayannur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12501153), [Bhayandar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276014), [Narela](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261809), [Thiruvananthapuram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254163), [Alīgarh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279017), [Bareilly](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1277013), [Morādābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262801), [Warangal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1252948), [Dhārāvi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272866), [Gorakhpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270927), [Guntur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270668), [Puducherry](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259425), [Amravati](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278718), [Bikaner](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275665), [Kochi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273874), [Bhilai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275971), [Cuttack](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273780), [Borivli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275248), [Bhavnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276032), [Sāngli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1257416), [Jamnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269317), [Jammu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269321), [Bokāro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275362), [Nanded](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261977), [Kozhikode](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1265873), [Kolhāpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1266285), [Nellore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261529), [Kalaburagi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270752), [Ajmer](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279159), [Dehradun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273313), [Erode](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272013), [Durgapur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272175), [Ulhasnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253894), [Loni](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1264773), [Siliguri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256525), [Ujjain](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253914), [Bilimora](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275610), [Karol Bāgh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1267696), [Āsansol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278314), [Mangaluru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1263780), [Belagavi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276533), [Sahāranpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1257806), [Vellore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253286), [Bhātpāra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276058), [Malegaon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1264115), [Gaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271439), [Ambattur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278840), [Jalgaon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269407), [Kurnool](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1265491), [Rāmgundam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258662), [Udaipur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253986), [Maheshtala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1348843), [Patiāla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1260107), [Shyamnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256409), [Davangere](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273368), [Akola](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279105), [Rajpur Sonarpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1255783), [Korba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1266122), [Jhānsi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269006), [Thoothukudi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8629640), [Ballari](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276509), [Bhāgalpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276300), [Agartala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279290), [Kākināda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1268561), [Latur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1265014), [Pānihāti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1260482), [Rajamahendravaram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258932), [Dhule](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272691), [Rohtak](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258076), [Ahilyanagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279228), [Kollam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259091), [Bilāspur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275637), [Bhilwara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275960), [Brahmapur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275198), [Muzaffarpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262330), [Punāsa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259239), [Muzaffarnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262332), [Avadi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278130), [Kadapa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273800), [Kukatpally](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1265767), [Kāmārhāti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1268257), [Mathura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1263364), [Chānda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1274693), [Vijayapura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275701), [Shivamogga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256515), [Alwar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278946), [Shāhjānpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256728), [Jūnāgadh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1268773), [New Delhi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261481), [Thrissur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254187), [Nizāmābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261258), [Tumkūr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254089), [Parbhani](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1260341), [Hisar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270022), [Fīrozābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271885), [Kulti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1265711), [Karnāl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1267708), [Barddhamān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1277029), [Gundupālaiyam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11679708), [Bārāsat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1277065), [Mulugu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12165955), [Bihār Sharīf](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275716), [Bāli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1277539), [Rāmpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258599), [Darbhanga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273491), [Panipat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1260476), [Tirupati](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254360), [Greater Noida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6954929), [Noida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7279746), [Aizawl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1279186), [Gandhinagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271715), [Dindigul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272543), [Thanjavur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254649), [Karīmnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1267755), [Dewas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273066), [Sonīpat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1255744), [Ichalkaranji](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269834), [Bathinda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276070), [Jālna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269395), [Kirāri Sulemānnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10263153), [Satna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1257022), [Purnia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259166), [Imphal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269771), [Saugor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1257845), [Kushinagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12032137), [Rourkela](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258315), [Durg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272181), [Anantapur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278672), [Ratlām](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258342), [Rānipet](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258451), [Lal Bahadur Nagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7302826), [Arrah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278483), [Baranagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1277082), [Gajuwaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7302833), [Etāwah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271987), [Ambarnath](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278903), [Naihāti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262131), [Bharatpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276128), [Begusarai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1276609), [Tiruvottiyūr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1254320), [Gāndhīdhām](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271717), [Mau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1263311), [Sīkar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256320), [Ramagundam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8347656), [Hāpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270393), [Farrukhābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271942), [Alappuzha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278985), [Katihar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1267480), [Sri Ganganagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1271685), [Rewa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1258182), [Uluberiya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253880), [Sivakasi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1255947), [Karur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1267648), [Rāichūr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259012), [Pallāvaram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1260692), [Ooty](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253993), [Pāli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1260716), [Hosūr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269934), [Vizianagaram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1253084), [Shrīrāmpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256422), [Quthbullapur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7302845), [Nadiād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262292), [Nāgercoil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262204), [Karāwalnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10265057), [Mango](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13353441), [Gosāba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270896), [Murwāra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262395), [Kanchipuram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1268159), [Singrauli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7279754), [Mirzāpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262995), [Kharagpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1266976), [Eluru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1272051), [Rāniganj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10524295), [Yamuna Nagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1252797), [Raurkela Industrial Township](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13308246), [Bidar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275738), [Munger](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262482), [Nandyāl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261927), [Panchkula](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6690108), [Burhānpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275068), [Morvi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262775), [Anand](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1278685), [Ongole](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261045), [Hosapete](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1269935), [Nāngloi Jāt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1261913), [Secunderabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1256922), [Deoghar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1273241), [Chāpra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1274353), [Khandwa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1267031), [Puri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1259184), [Morena](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1262771), [Gyānpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1270576), [Bulandshahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275120), [Bhind](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1275926), [Bhālswa Jahangirpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10263167) - **USA** (243): [New York City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5128581), [Los Angeles](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5368361), [Brooklyn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5110302), [Chicago](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4887398), [Queens](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5133273), [Houston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4699066), [Phoenix](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5308655), [Philadelphia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4560349), [San Antonio](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4726206), [Manhattan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5125771), [San Diego](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5391811), [The Bronx](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5110266), [Dallas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4684888), [Jacksonville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4160021), [Fort Worth](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4691930), [San Jose](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5392171), [Austin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4671654), [Columbus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4509177), [Charlotte](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4460243), [Indianapolis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4259418), [San Francisco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5391959), [Seattle](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5809844), [Denver](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5419384), [Washington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4140963), [Nashville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4644585), [Oklahoma City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4544349), [El Paso](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5520993), [Boston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4930956), [Portland](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5746545), [Detroit](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4990729), [Las Vegas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5506956), [New South Memphis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4645421), [Memphis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4641239), [Louisville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4299276), [Baltimore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4347778), [South Boston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4951305), [Albuquerque](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5454711), [Milwaukee](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5263045), [Tucson](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5318313), [Fresno](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5350937), [Sacramento](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5389489), [Atlanta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4180439), [Miami](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4164138), [Omaha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5074472), [Raleigh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4487042), [Kansas City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4393217), [Long Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5367929), [Mesa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5304391), [Staten Island](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5139568), [Colorado Springs](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5417598), [Virginia Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4791259), [Oakland](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5378538), [Tampa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4174757), [Tulsa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4553433), [Minneapolis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5037649), [Wichita](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4281730), [Arlington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4671240), [Bakersfield](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5325738), [Cleveland](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5150529), [New Orleans](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4335045), [Aurora](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5412347), [Honolulu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5856195), [Anaheim](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5323810), [West Raleigh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4498303), [Orlando](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4167147), [Lexington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4297983), [Riverside](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5387877), [Corpus Christi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4683416), [Lexington-Fayette](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4297999), [Cincinnati](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4508722), [Santa Ana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5392900), [Stockton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5399020), [Pittsburgh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5206379), [Saint Paul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5045360), [Lincoln](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5072006), [Anchorage](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5879400), [Meads](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4300488), [Henderson](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5505411), [Greensboro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4469146), [Plano](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4719457), [Newark](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5101798), [Madison](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5261457), [St. Louis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4407066), [Chula Vista](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5336899), [Toledo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5174035), [Jersey City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5099836), [Reno](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5511077), [Chandler](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5289282), [Fort Wayne](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4920423), [Buffalo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5110629), [Durham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4464368), [St. Petersburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4171563), [Irvine](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5359777), [Laredo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4705349), [Lubbock](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5525577), [Gilbert](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5295903), [Tri-Cities](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7289169), [Winston-Salem](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4499612), [Glendale](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5295985), [Norfolk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4776222), [Hialeah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4158476), [Garland](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4693003), [Scottsdale](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5313457), [Irving](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4700168), [Boise](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5586437), [Chesapeake](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4752186), [North Las Vegas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5509403), [Fremont](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5350734), [Spokane](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5811696), [Baton Rouge](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4315588), [Upper West Side](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5142036), [Richmond](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4781708), [Paradise](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5509952), [Tacoma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5812944), [Jamaica](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5122520), [San Bernardino](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5391710), [Salt Lake City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5780993), [Huntsville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4068590), [Des Moines](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4853828), [Fontana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5349755), [Modesto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5373900), [Rochester](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5134086), [Maryvale](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5303929), [Arlington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4744709), [Oxnard](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5380184), [Columbus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4188985), [Worcester](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4956184), [Moreno Valley](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5374732), [Little Rock](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4119403), [Fayetteville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4466033), [Huntington Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5358705), [Tallahassee](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4174715), [Yonkers](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5145215), [Glendale](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5352423), [Cypress](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4684724), [Aurora](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4883817), [Amarillo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5516233), [Akron](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5145476), [Fort Lauderdale](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4155966), [Boca Raton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4148411), [West Palm Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4177887), [Hollywood](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4158928), [Aventura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4146429), [Sunny Isles Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4174383), [Surfside](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4174518), [Weston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4178003), [Plantation](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4168174), [Delray Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4153132), [Boynton Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4148677), [Coral Springs](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4151909), [Hallandale Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4157898), [Sarasota](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4172131), [Palm Beach Gardens](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4167519), [Jupiter](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4160610), [Parkland](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4167829), [Deerfield Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4153071), [Tamarac](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4174738), [Pompano Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4169014), [Sunrise](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4174402), [Wellington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4177703), [Naples](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4165565), [Coconut Creek](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4151455), [Lakewood](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5100280), [Teaneck](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5105262), [Monsey](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5127315), [Great Neck](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5119218), [Woodmere](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5145028), [Beverly Hills](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5328041), [Palo Alto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5380748), [Hartford](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4835797), [New Haven](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4839366), [Providence](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5224151), [Passaic](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5102443), [Fair Lawn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5097773), [Englewood](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5097672), [White Plains](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5144336), [New Rochelle](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5128549), [West Orange](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5106298), [Livingston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5100572), [Cherry Hill](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4501198), [Stamford](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4843564), [Skokie](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4911600), [Highland Park](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4895876), [Buffalo Grove](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4885955), [Evanston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4891382), [Tarzana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5346649), [Santa Monica](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5393212), [Sherman Oaks](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5395244), [Scarsdale](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5136433), [Cedarhurst](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5111974), [Lawrence](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5124087), [Hewlett](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5120598), [Roslyn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5134415), [Syosset](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5140402), [Plainview](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5131638), [Woodbury](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5144948), [Dix Hills](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5115107), [Jericho](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5122638), [Commack](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5113412), [Long Beach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5125086), [Syracuse](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5140405), [Albany](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5106834), [Spring Valley](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5139301), [Tenafly](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5105300), [Highland Park](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5099057), [Edison](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5097529), [Bergenfield](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5095611), [Maplewood](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5100854), [Millburn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6332745), [South Orange](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5104836), [Springfield](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5104952), [Morristown](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5101427), [East Brunswick](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5097402), [Marlboro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5100886), [Long Branch](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5100619), [Elizabeth](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5097598), [Clifton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5096699), [Brookline](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4931482), [Newton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4945283), [Framingham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4937230), [Sharon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4950654), [Needham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4945055), [Pikesville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4365387), [Silver Spring](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4369596), [Rockville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4367175), [Potomac](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4366001), [Waterbury](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4845193), [West Hartford](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4845411), [Westport](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4845585), [Greenwich](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4835395), [Norwalk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4839822), [Berkeley](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5327684), [Woodland Hills](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5410438), [Calabasas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5332593), [Palm Springs](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5380668), [Beachwood](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5146711), [Dayton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4509884), [Savannah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4221552), [Charleston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4574324), [Ann Arbor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4984247), [Overland Park](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4276873), [Wilmington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4145381), [Birmingham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4049979) - **Brazil** (161): [São Paulo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448439), [Rio de Janeiro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3451190), [Belo Horizonte](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3470127), [Salvador](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3450554), [Fortaleza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3399415), [Manaus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3663517), [Brasília](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3469058), [Curitiba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3464975), [Recife](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3390760), [Goiânia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3462377), [Belém](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3405870), [Porto Alegre](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3452925), [Guarulhos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3461786), [Maceió](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3395981), [Campinas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3467865), [São Luís](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3388368), [Campo Grande](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3467747), [Natal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3394023), [Teresina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3386496), [Nova Iguaçu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3456160), [Duque de Caxias](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3464374), [João Pessoa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3397277), [São Bernardo do Campo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3449344), [São José dos Campos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448636), [Osasco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3455775), [Ribeirão Preto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3451328), [Jaboatão](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3397838), [Sorocaba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3447399), [Aracaju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3471872), [Santo André](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3449701), [Jaboatão dos Guararapes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6317344), [Contagem](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3465624), [Feira de Santana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3463478), [Cuiabá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3465038), [Londrina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3458449), [Juiz de Fora](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3459505), [Uberlândia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3445831), [Porto Velho](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3662762), [Serra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3447779), [Macapá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3396016), [Campos dos Goytacazes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3467693), [Aparecida de Goiânia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6316406), [Florianópolis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3463237), [São José do Rio Preto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448639), [Mauá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3457381), [São João de Meriti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448877), [Belford Roxo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3470142), [Joinville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3459712), [Niterói](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3456283), [Jundiaí](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3459462), [Ananindeua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3407669), [Santos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3449433), [Boa Vista](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3664980), [Rio Branco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3662574), [Montes Claros](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3456814), [Piracicaba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3453643), [Caruaru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3402655), [Vila Velha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3445026), [Diadema](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3464739), [Carapicuíba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3466998), [Petrolina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3392242), [Grajaú](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962371), [Betim](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3470044), [Caxias do Sul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3466537), [Bauru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3470279), [Itaquaquecetuba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3460644), [Olinda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3393536), [Blumenau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3469968), [Franca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3463011), [Caucaia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3402429), [Cariacica](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3466954), [Praia Grande](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3452465), [Campina Grande](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3403642), [Paulista](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3392740), [Uberaba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3445839), [São Vicente](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448136), [Ribeirão das Neves](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3451353), [São José dos Pinhais](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448632), [Canoas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3467467), [Mogi das Cruzes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3457001), [Guarujá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3461789), [Pelotas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3454244), [Anápolis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3472287), [Taubaté](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3446682), [Barueri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3470353), [Várzea Grande](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3445451), [Vitória](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3444924), [Maringá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3457671), [Jardim Angela](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962408), [Suzano](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3447212), [Palmas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3474574), [Ponta Grossa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3453186), [Limeira](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3458575), [Ceilândia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3466489), [Sumaré](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3447259), [Viamão](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3445156), [Santa Maria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3450083), [Volta Redonda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3444876), [Taboão da Serra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3447186), [Petrópolis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3454031), [Capao Redondo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962376), [São José](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448744), [Parauapebas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6317872), [Parnamirim](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3392998), [Sapopemba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6318632), [Gravataí](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3462089), [Mossoró](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3394682), [Sacomã](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962429), [Jardim Sao Luis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962427), [Rondonópolis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3450909), [Foz do Iguaçu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3463030), [Cascavel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3466779), [Indaiatuba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3461311), [Novo Hamburgo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3456068), [Cotia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3465284), [Vitória da Conquista](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3444914), [Governador Valadares](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3462315), [Embu das Artes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3464305), [Cidade Ademar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962392), [Americana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3472343), [Colombo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3465927), [São José de Ribamar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3388441), [Magé](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3458142), [Arapiraca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3407327), [Brasilandia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962395), [Itapevi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3460718), [Marília](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3457692), [Itaboraí](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3460950), [Cabo Frio](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3468615), [Juazeiro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3397154), [Campo Limpo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3467722), [Maracanaú](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3395473), [Hortolândia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3461655), [Divinópolis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3464688), [Ipatinga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3461144), [Sete Lagoas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3447624), [Rio Verde](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3451055), [Águas Lindas de Goiás](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6316328), [Presidente Prudente](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3452324), [Juazeiro do Norte](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3397147), [Santa Luzia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3450144), [Samambaia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12432979), [Imperatriz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3398269), [Cabo de Santo Agostinho](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3404545), [Sinop](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6318696), [Jabaquara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11962390), [Jacareí](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3460370), [Maricá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3457708), [Jaraguá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3460103), [Itaquera](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3460634), [São Leopoldo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448622), [Luziânia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3458329), [Itabuna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3460949), [Itaim Paulista](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6317317), [São Carlos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3449319), [Lauro de Freitas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6317464), [Sobral](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3387296), [Rio Claro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3451234), [São José](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3448742), [Valparaíso de Goiás](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6318856), [Plano Piloto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13512576) - **Japan** (138): [Tokyo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1850147), [Yokohama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1848354), [Osaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1853909), [Nagoya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1856057), [Sapporo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2128295), [Fukuoka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1863967), [Kawasaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859642), [Kobe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859171), [Kyoto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1857910), [Saitama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6940394), [Hiroshima](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1862415), [Sendai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2111149), [Chiba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2113015), [Kitakyushu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859307), [Setagaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11790342), [Sakai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1853195), [Niigata](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1855431), [Hamamatsu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1863289), [Ōta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8469289), [Kumamoto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1858421), [Aihara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1865689), [Okayama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1854383), [Sagamihara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11611609), [Edogawe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11071717), [Adachi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10987897), [Shizuoka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1851717), [Honchō](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1863905), [Kawaguchi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859730), [Kagoshima](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1860827), [Suginami](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11836117), [Itabashi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1861321), [Hachiōji](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1863440), [Kotō](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11209896), [Himeji](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1862627), [Utsunomiya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1849053), [Matsuyama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1926099), [Matsudo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1857553), [Ichikawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11837657), [Higashiosaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1862752), [Nishinomiya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1855207), [Kurashiki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1858311), [Ōita](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1854487), [Fukuyama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1863917), [Kanazawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1860243), [Amagasaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1865387), [Katsushika](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8469284), [Fujisawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1864092), [Kashiwa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859924), [Machida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1857871), [Toyota](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1849814), [Shinagawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1852139), [Takamatsu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1851100), [Toyama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1849876), [Yokosuka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1848313), [Nagasaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1856177), [Hirakata](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1862540), [Gifu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1863641), [Toyonaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1849837), [Miyazaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1856717), [Suita](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1851483), [Okazaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1854376), [Ichinomiya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1861949), [Toyohashi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1849846), [Minato](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1852383), [Takasaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1851002), [Nagano](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1856215), [Nara-shi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1855612), [Iwaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2112539), [Wakayama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1926004), [Kawagoe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859740), [Takatsuki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1850910), [Shinjuku](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11790353), [Koshigaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1858729), [Ōtsu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1853574), [Nakano](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8715035), [Tokorozawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1850181), [Asahikawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2130629), [Maebashi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1857843), [Kita](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8469285), [Kochi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859146), [Kōriyama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2112141), [Naha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1856035), [Kasugai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859891), [Akita](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2113126), [Yokkaichi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1848373), [Akashi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1847966), [Kurume](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1858088), [Toshima](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8572994), [Aomori](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2130658), [Fukushima](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2112923), [Morioka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2111834), [Meguro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11790374), [Sumida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1851454), [Ibaraki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1862033), [Ichihara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2112664), [Hakodate](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2130188), [Tsu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1849796), [Yao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1848522), [Kakogawachō-honmachi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1860704), [Mito](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2111901), [Tokushima](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1850158), [Nagaoka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1856199), [Shimonoseki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1852225), [Fuchū](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11611632), [Fukui-shi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1863985), [Minato City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13353696), [Hiratsuka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1862462), [Sōka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1851604), [Yamagata](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2110556), [Fuji](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1864134), [Sasebo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1852899), [Chigasaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1864624), [Chōfu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1864518), [Yamato](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11611478), [Tsukuba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2110681), [Matsumoto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1857519), [Bunkyo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11790632), [Hachinohe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2130203), [Neyagawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6697563), [Saga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1853303), [Shibuya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11808021), [Kasukabe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859884), [Ageo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1865714), [Takarazuka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1851012), [Ōta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1853677), [Minamirinkan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1857144), [Atsugi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1847963), [Arakawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10968247), [Kure](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1858296), [Isesaki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1861436), [Taito](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11790369), [Nishi-Tokyo-shi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1850692), [Kishiwada](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1859383), [Matsue](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1857550), [Nagareyama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1856184), [Yachiyo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6822182), [Kodaira](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11611930), [Itami](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1861310) - **Russia** (103): [Moscow](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/524901), [Saint Petersburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/498817), [Novosibirsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1496747), [Yekaterinburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1486209), [Nizhniy Novgorod](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/520555), [Kazan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/551487), [Chelyabinsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1508291), [Omsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1496153), [Samara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/499099), [Rostov-na-Donu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/501175), [Ufa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/479561), [Krasnoyarsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1502026), [Voronezh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/472045), [Volgograd](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/472757), [Perm](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/511196), [Krasnodar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/542420), [Saratov](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/498677), [Tyumen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1488754), [Tolyatti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/482283), [Izhevsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/554840), [Barnaul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1510853), [Ulyanovsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/479123), [Irkutsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2023469), [Khabarovsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2022890), [Yaroslavl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/468902), [Vladivostok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2013348), [Makhachkala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/532096), [Khabarovsk Vtoroy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2056752), [Tomsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1489425), [Orenburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/515003), [Kemerovo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1503901), [Novokuznetsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1496990), [Ryazan’](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/500096), [Astrakhan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/580497), [Penza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/511565), [Naberezhnyye Chelny](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/523750), [Lipetsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/535121), [Kirov](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/548408), [Kalininskiy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8504951), [Cheboksary](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/569696), [Tula](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/480562), [Kaliningrad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/554234), [Kursk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/538560), [Stavropol’](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/487846), [Bryansk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/571476), [Tver](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/480060), [Magnitogorsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/532288), [Ivanovo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/555312), [Nizhny Tagil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/520494), [Ulan-Ude](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2014407), [Vladimir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/473247), [Arkhangel’sk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/581049), [Chita](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2025339), [Belgorod](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/578072), [Kaluga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/553915), [Krasnogvargeisky](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8504952), [Smolensk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/491687), [Sochi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/491422), [Volzhsky](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/472231), [Saransk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/498698), [Cherepovets](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/569223), [Vologda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/472459), [Kurgan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1501321), [Vladikavkaz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/473249), [Orël](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/515012), [Surgut](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1490624), [Grozny](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/558418), [Murmansk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/524305), [Tambov](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/484646), [Petrozavodsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/509820), [Taganrog](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/484907), [Kostroma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/543878), [Komsomolsk-on-Amur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2021851), [Yoshkar-Ola](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/466806), [Sterlitamak](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/487495), [Bratsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2051523), [Orsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/514734), [Syktyvkar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/485239), [Nizhnevartovsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1497543), [Angarsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2027667), [Mar’ino](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/529237), [Novorossiysk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/518255), [Khimki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/550280), [Nalchik](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/523523), [Yakutsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2013159), [Nizhnekamsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/521118), [Dzerzhinsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/563708), [Staryy Oskol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/487928), [Blagoveshchensk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2026609), [Velikiy Novgorod](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/519336), [Shakhty](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/496015), [Prokop’yevsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1494114), [Rybinsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/500004), [Vykhino-Zhulebino](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/470451), [Zelenograd](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/463829), [Biysk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1510018), [Centralniy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8504960), [Pskov](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/504341), [Vasyl'evsky Ostrov](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8504949), [Severnyy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/496348), [Balakovo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/579492), [Armavir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/580922), [Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2119441) - **Mexico** (97): [Mexico City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530597), [Tijuana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3981609), [Iztapalapa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3526683), [Puebla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3521081), [Ecatepec de Morelos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3529612), [Santiago de Querétaro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3991164), [León de los Aldama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3998655), [Ciudad Juárez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4013708), [Zapopan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3979770), [Guadalajara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4005539), [Mérida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3523349), [Gustavo Adolfo Madero](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3514674), [Monterrey](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3995465), [Ciudad Nezahualcoyotl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530589), [Mexicali](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3996069), [Chihuahua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4014338), [Cancún](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3531673), [Naucalpan de Juárez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3522790), [Hermosillo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4004898), [Culiacán](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4012176), [Morelia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3995402), [Torreón](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3981254), [Álvaro Obregón](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3514663), [San Luis Potosí](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3985606), [Aguascalientes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4019233), [Saltillo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3988086), [Guadalupe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4005492), [Acapulco de Juárez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3533462), [Tlalnepantla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3515431), [Tlaquepaque](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3981461), [Coyoacán](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530139), [Tuxtla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3515001), [Reynosa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3520339), [Tlalpan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3515428), [Cuautitlán Izcalli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3515807), [Cuauhtémoc](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3827409), [Victoria de Durango](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4011743), [Heroica Matamoros](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3523466), [Toluca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3515302), [Ciudad López Mateos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3532624), [Ciudad Apodaca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4018390), [Ciudad General Escobedo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4005867), [Ensenada](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4006702), [Xochimilco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3514450), [Venustiano Carranza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3827407), [Veracruz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3514783), [Xalapa de Enríquez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3526617), [Nuevo Laredo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3522551), [Azcapotzalco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3532497), [San Nicolás de los Garza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3985241), [Tonalá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3981369), [Ojo de Agua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3827598), [Benito Juárez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6957079), [Xico](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3514519), [Iztacalco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3526700), [Mazatlán](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3996322), [Irapuato](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4004330), [Miguel Hidalgo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3827408), [Benito Juarez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3827406), [Tapachula](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3516266), [Villahermosa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3514670), [Celaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4014875), [Cuernavaca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3529947), [Tepic](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3981941), [Ciudad Victoria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530580), [Soledad de Graciano Sánchez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3982912), [Ciudad Obregón](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4013704), [Ixtapaluca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3526682), [Coatzacoalcos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530517), [Tampico](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3516355), [Ciudad Benito Juárez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4003757), [Tláhuac](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3515463), [Santa Catarina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3984583), [Uruapan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3980760), [Cholula](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530757), [Nicolás Romero](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3522732), [Zumpango](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3513966), [Coacalco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530569), [Nogales](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4004886), [Gómez Palacio](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4005775), [Los Mochis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3997479), [Pachuca de Soto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3522210), [Oaxaca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3522507), [La Paz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4000900), [Colonia del Valle](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7280708), [Tehuacán](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3516109), [Magdalena Contreras](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3523760), [Puerto Vallarta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3991328), [Campeche](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3531732), [Buenavista](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3827606), [Ciudad Acuña](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4013728), [San Cristóbal de las Casas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3519537), [Jiutepec](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3526485), [Monclova](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3995523), [Córdoba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530240), [Cabo San Lucas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3985710), [Ciudad Madero](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3530594) - **Indonesia** (78): [Jakarta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1642911), [Surabaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1625822), [Bekasi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1649378), [Bandung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1650357), [Medan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1214520), [Depok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1645524), [Tangerang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1625084), [Palembang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1633070), [Semarang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1627896), [Makassar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1622786), [South Tangerang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8581443), [Jepara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1642548), [Bandar Lampung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1624917), [Batam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6295587), [Bogor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1648473), [Pekanbaru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1631761), [Padang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1633419), [Malang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1636722), [Samarinda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1629001), [Tasikmalaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1624647), [Denpasar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1645528), [Balikpapan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1650527), [Serang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1627549), [Situbondo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1626801), [Pontianak](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1630789), [Banjarmasin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1650213), [Jambi City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1642858), [Cimahi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1646448), [Surakarta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1625812), [Manado](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1636544), [Cilegon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1646511), [Kupang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2057087), [Mataram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1635882), [Jayapura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2082600), [Bengkulu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1649150), [Yogyakarta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1621177), [Palu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1633034), [Cibinong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1647003), [Sukabumi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1626381), [Ambon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1651531), [Kendari](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1640344), [Cirebon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1646170), [Dumai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1645133), [Pekalongan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1631766), [Percut](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1214189), [Jember](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1642588), [Palangkaraya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1633118), [Cileungsir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1646494), [Tegal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1624494), [Binjai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1215355), [Pematangsiantar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1214204), [Pasarkemis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1632228), [Cilacap](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1646559), [Banda Aceh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1215502), [Sorong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1626542), [Tarakan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1624725), [Probolinggo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1630634), [Singkawang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1626916), [Padangsidempuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1214369), [Kediri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1640660), [Lubuklinggau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1637158), [Purwokerto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1630328), [Tanjung Pinang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1624863), [Bitung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1648637), [Batu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1649824), [Pangkalpinang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1632654), [Citeureup](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1646034), [Loa Janan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1637510), [Pasuruan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1632033), [Ciputat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1646194), [Ciampea](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1647383), [Ternate](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1624041), [Madiun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1636930), [Rengasdengklok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1629710), [Salatiga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1629131), [Banjar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1650234), [Sumedang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1626103), [Gorontalo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1643837) - **Philippines** (72): [Quezon City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1692192), [Davao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1715348), [Caloocan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1720151), [Manila](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1701668), [Taguig](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1684308), [Budta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1723510), [Malingao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1978681), [Zamboanga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1679432), [Cebu City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1717512), [Antipolo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1730501), [Pasig City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7290466), [Cagayan de Oro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1721080), [Valenzuela](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1680102), [General Santos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1713022), [Paranaque City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1694781), [Las Piñas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1707174), [Calamba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1720681), [Makati City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1703417), [Lapu-Lapu City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1707267), [Angeles City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1730737), [Imus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1710914), [Iloilo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1711005), [Marikina City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1700925), [Mandaluyong City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1701966), [Bacolod City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1729564), [Mansilingan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1701500), [Dasmariñas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1715430), [Mandaluyong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13118244), [Pasay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1694611), [Tarlac City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1682812), [Cotabato](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1716771), [Malabon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1703320), [San Jose del Monte](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1689395), [Bacoor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1729524), [San Pedro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1688749), [Cabanatuan City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1721906), [Iligan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1711084), [Mandaue City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1701947), [Iligan City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1711082), [Butuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1722186), [Cabuyao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1721281), [San Pablo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1688830), [Biñan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1725115), [Santol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1687687), [Cainta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1720840), [Baguio](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1728930), [Malolos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1702540), [Mantampay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1701472), [Bagong Silang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13060482), [Marawi City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1701053), [Tacloban](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1684712), [San Fernando](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1690039), [Libertad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1706684), [Navotas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1697846), [Ormoc](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1697018), [Batangas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1726280), [Magugpo Poblacion](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1684269), [Taytay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1682598), [Lucena](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1705357), [Meycauayan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1699802), [NIA Valencia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1680116), [Puerto Princesa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1692685), [Olongapo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1697175), [Binangonan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1725094), [Santa Rosa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1687894), [Commonwealth](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7090983), [Lipa City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1706090), [Panabo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1695804), [Kabankalan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1709968), [Toledo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1681602), [Pagadian](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1696710), [Koronadal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1708522) - **Vietnam** (70): [Ho Chi Minh City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1566083), [Hanoi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1581130), [Haiphong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1581298), [Cần Thơ](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1586203), [Huế](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1580240), [Da Nang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1583992), [Biên Hòa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1587923), [Thanh Hóa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1566166), [Vinh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1562798), [Thuận An](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12382296), [Nha Trang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1572151), [Chợ Lớn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1585330), [Bình Thạnh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1904564), [Thủ Đức](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1565019), [Qui Nhon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1568574), [Vũng Tàu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1562414), [Dĩ An](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1583518), [Rạch Giá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1568510), [Bắc Giang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1591527), [Nam Định](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1573517), [Buôn Ma Thuột](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1586896), [Thái Nguyên](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1566319), [Việt Trì](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1562820), [Quận Mười](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9645085), [Thủ Dầu Một](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1565022), [Đống Đa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8616121), [Bến Cát](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1588060), [Long Bien](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1564064), [Bắc Từ Liêm](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13405933), [Quận Mười Một](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9645084), [Gia Lâm](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9871722), [An Nhơn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1594308), [Hai Bà Trưng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8616127), [Nghi Sơn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1572532), [Phu Quoc](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8531735), [Thanh Xuân](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8616118), [Cầu Giấy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8616113), [Bắc Ninh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1591449), [Phú Mỹ](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1570357), [Long Xuyên](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1575627), [Ba Vì](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1588129), [Quảng Ngãi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1568770), [Quận Sáu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9645072), [Mỹ Tho](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1574023), [Hạ Long](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1580410), [Ðà Lạt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1584071), [Xuân Lộc](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1560565), [Thị Trấn Đông Triều](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1582497), [Hải Dương](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1581326), [Thành Phố Bà Rịa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8594709), [Phổ Yên](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13589354), [Sơn Tây](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1567621), [Ninh Hòa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1571951), [Phan Thiết](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1571058), [Điện Bàn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1583478), [Cà Mau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1586443), [Ba Dinh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7289846), [Sóc Trăng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1567788), [Chí Linh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1585489), [Quận Ba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9645086), [Tân An](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1567069), [Sa Dec](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1568212), [Cao Lãnh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1586151), [Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1571067), [Việt Yên](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1562818), [Kon Tum](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1578500), [Thanh Khê](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8656376), [Lạng Sơn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1576633), [Thuận Thanh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1565047), [Quận Bốn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9645071) - **Nigeria** (64): [Lagos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2332459), [Kano](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2335204), [Ibadan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2339354), [Abuja](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2352778), [Port Harcourt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2324774), [Kaduna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2335727), [Benin City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2347283), [Onitsha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2326016), [Aba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2353151), [Maiduguri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2331447), [Ilorin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2337639), [Sokoto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2322911), [Jos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2335953), [Zaria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2317765), [Enugu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2343279), [Warri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2319133), [Oyo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2325200), [Abeokuta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2352947), [Akure](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2350841), [Bauchi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2347470), [Katsina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2334802), [Osogbo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2325590), [Ile-Ife](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2338900), [Gombe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2340451), [Ajegunle](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2566636), [Owerri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2325330), [Calabar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2346229), [Ebute Ikorodu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2344082), [Okene](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2327220), [Ikare](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2338325), [Yola](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2318044), [Uyo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2319480), [Ado-Ekiti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2352379), [Ogbomoso](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2327735), [Minna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2330100), [Lekki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2332121), [Bida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2347209), [Makurdi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2331140), [Ondo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2326171), [Umuahia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2320576), [Iseyin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2337181), [Yenagoa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2318123), [Gboko](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2341374), [Ijebu Ode](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2338400), [Obalende](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2566633), [Ilesa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2337704), [Ikeja](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2338313), [Akowonjo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2566696), [Alimosho](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2566676), [Sapele](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2323675), [Efon-Alaaye](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2343983), [Owo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2325314), [Ikot Ekpene](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2338106), [Iwo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2336905), [Jimeta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2336056), [Atani](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2349019), [Aliayabiagba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2350434), [Gusau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2339937), [Mubi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2329821), [Ikire](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2338273), [Shagamu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2323411), [Ugep](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2320831), [Chakwama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12129605), [Mushin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2329660) - **Turkey** (59): [Istanbul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/745044), [Ankara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/323786), [Bursa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/750269), [İzmir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/311046), [Gaziantep](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/314830), [Adana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/325363), [Diyarbakır](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/316541), [Kayseri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/308464), [Konya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/306571), [Antalya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/323777), [Malatya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/304922), [Çankaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6955677), [Eskişehir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/315202), [Erzurum](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/315368), [Bağcılar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/751324), [Bahçelievler](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7627067), [Umraniye](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/738377), [Mersin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/304531), [Van](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/298117), [Üsküdar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/738329), [Esenler](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/747340), [Karabağlar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7701384), [Batman](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/321836), [Muratpaşa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8074174), [Şanlıurfa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/298333), [Elazığ](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/315808), [Sultangazi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7628416), [Maltepe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/741763), [Samsun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/740264), [Kahramanmaraş](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/310859), [Uşak](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/298299), [Alanya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/324190), [Ataşehir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6947637), [Tarsus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/299817), [Karşıyaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/308988), [Şişli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/739549), [Denizli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/317109), [Batikent](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/442301), [Zeytinburnu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/737071), [Adapazarı](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/752850), [Sultanbeyli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7628419), [Gebze](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/747014), [Merkezefendi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11238838), [Çorum](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/748879), [Adıyaman](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/325330), [Sivas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/300619), [Afyonkarahisar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/325303), [İskenderun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/311111), [Aksaray](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/324496), [Trabzon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/738648), [Manisa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/304827), [Sancaktepe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7628420), [Balıkesir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/322165), [Ordu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/741100), [Esenyurt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/747323), [Antakya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/323779), [Osmaniye](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/303195), [Çorlu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/748893), [Arnavutköy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/751868) - **Malaysia** (53): [Kuala Lumpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735161), [Johor Bahru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732752), [Kampung Baru Subang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1771023), [Petaling Jaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735158), [Ipoh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734634), [Shah Alam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732903), [Subang Jaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8504423), [Bukit Rahman Putra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13118225), [Pelentong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732747), [Malacca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734759), [Iskandar Puteri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10063567), [Kota Bharu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1736376), [Kuantan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735227), [Kota Kuala Muda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6847550), [Sungai Petani](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735498), [Selayang Baru Utara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7795834), [Pasir Gudang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732722), [Mukim Pulai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12750654), [Kota Kinabalu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1733432), [Kampung Larkin Lama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732724), [Kota Damansara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12514556), [Sandakan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734052), [Kuala Terengganu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734705), [Taman Petaling](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12557764), [Alor Setar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1736309), [Kampung Kangkar Teberau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1762110), [Kuching](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735634), [Puchong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1749822), [Seremban](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734810), [Tawau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734199), [Setapak](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735162), [Kluang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732811), [Muar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732869), [Miri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1738050), [Kapar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732901), [Batu Caves](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735166), [Klang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1732905), [Kajang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10941913), [Teluk Intan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735459), [Kampong Baharu Cheras Batu Sebelas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1771298), [Pasir Mas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1736372), [Paya Terubong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13100478), [Sungai Buloh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735153), [Bandar Seri Alam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13118272), [Taiping](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734586), [Wangsa Maju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12750606), [Bukit Mertajam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735079), [Sepang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1734821), [Bandar Sunway](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11054411), [Bandar Utama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13118277), [Bukit Jalil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13118362), [Rawang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735150), [Sibu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1735902) - **Iran** (50): [Tehran](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/112931), [Mashhad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/124665), [Isfahan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/418863), [Karaj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/128747), [Tabriz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/113646), [Shiraz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/115019), [Qom](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/119208), [Ahvaz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/144448), [Kermanshah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/128226), [Rasht](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/118743), [Kerman](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/128234), [Orūmīyeh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/121801), [Zahedan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1159301), [Hamadān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/132144), [Āzādshahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/14256), [Arāk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/143127), [Yazd](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/111822), [Eslamshahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/449504), [Ardabīl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/143083), [Abadan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/145459), [Zanjan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/111453), [Bandar Abbas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/141681), [Sanandaj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/117574), [Qazvin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/119505), [Khorramshahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/127319), [Khorramabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/127349), [Shahrīār](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/143860), [Shahr-e Qods](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/120292), [Khomeynī Shahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/418710), [Dezfūl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/36618), [Marāgheh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/124877), [Marāgheh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/124878), [Sari](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/116996), [Borūjerd](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/140044), [Qarchak](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/32767), [Gorgān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/132892), [Golestān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/32900), [Āmol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/143534), [Pākdasht](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/9478811), [Najafābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/418606), [Sabzevar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/118063), [Neyshābūr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/122285), [Naz̧arābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/122438), [Būkān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/139889), [Sirjan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/114259), [Qā’em Shahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/120695), [Bābol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/142363), [Nasīm Shahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6672634), [Nasimshahr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13405749), [Bīrjand](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/140463) - **Israel** (50): [Jerusalem](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/281184), [Tel Aviv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293397), [West Jerusalem](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7498240), [Haifa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294801), [Rishon LeTsiyyon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293703), [Petaẖ Tiqva](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293918), [Netanya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294071), [Ashdod](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295629), [Bnei Brak](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295514), [Beer Sheva](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295530), [Ramat Gan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293788), [Herzliya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294778), [Modi'in](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6693679), [Ra'anana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293807), [Holon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294751), [Bat Yam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295548), [Ashkelon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295620), [Rehovot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293725), [Beit Shemesh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295432), [Kfar Saba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294514), [Eilat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295277), [Tzfat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293100), [Tiberias](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293322), [Ramat HaSharon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293783), [Givatayim](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294999), [Kiryat Ono](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12031840), [Or Yehuda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293962), [Yavne](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293222), [Lod](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294421), [Ramla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293768), [Kiryat Gat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293842), [Kiryat Ata](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293845), [Kiryat Motzkin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293831), [Kiryat Yam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293822), [Kiryat Bialik](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293844), [Nahariya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294117), [Akko](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295721), [Carmiel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294577), [Nof HaGalil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294097), [Arad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295657), [Dimona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/295328), [Kiryat Shmona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293825), [Ma'ale Adumim](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11670381), [Ariel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8199394), [Efrat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/283991), [Modi'in Illit](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8199378), [Beitar Illit](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294244), [Rosh HaAyin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293690), [Hod HaSharon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294760), [Givat Shmuel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/294981) - **Germany** (47): [Berlin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2950159), [Hamburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2911298), [Munich](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2867714), [Köln](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2886242), [Frankfurt am Main](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2925533), [Stuttgart](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2825297), [Düsseldorf](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2934246), [Essen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2928810), [Dortmund](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2935517), [Dresden](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2935022), [Bremen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2944388), [Nürnberg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2861650), [Hannover](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2910831), [Leipzig](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2879139), [Duisburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2934691), [Wandsbek](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2911285), [Bochum](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2947416), [Wuppertal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2805753), [Bielefeld](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2949186), [Bonn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2946447), [Hamburg-Nord](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8354626), [Mannheim](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2873891), [Hamburg-Mitte](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2911288), [Marienthal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2911287), [Karlsruhe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2892794), [Wiesbaden](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2809346), [Münster](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2867543), [Gelsenkirchen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2921466), [Eimsbüttel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2911293), [Aachen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3247449), [Mönchengladbach](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2869894), [Augsburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2954172), [Altona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2911296), [Chemnitz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2940132), [Kiel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2891122), [Braunschweig](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2945024), [Krefeld](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2884509), [Halle (Saale)](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2911522), [Magdeburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2874545), [Neue Neustadt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2864072), [Oberhausen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2860410), [Mainz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2874225), [Freiburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2925177), [Erfurt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2929670), [Lübeck](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2875601), [Hagen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2912621), [Rostock](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2844588) - **Pakistan** (46): [Lahore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1172451), [Karachi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1174872), [Peshawar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1168197), [Faisalabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1179400), [Rawalpindi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1166993), [Gujranwala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1177662), [Multan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1169825), [Hyderabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1176734), [Quetta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1167528), [Bannu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1183460), [Sargodha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1166000), [Sialkot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1164909), [Bahawalpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1183880), [Dera Ismail Khan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1180281), [Muzaffarābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1169607), [Battagram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1183105), [Islamabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1176615), [Shekhupura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1165221), [Gujrat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1177654), [Sukkur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1164408), [Sahiwal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1166548), [Okara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1168718), [Rahim Yar Khan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1167460), [Kasur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1174625), [Dera Ghazi Khan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1180289), [Tando Allahyar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1163965), [Wah Cantt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11785389), [Larkana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1172128), [Nawabshah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1169116), [Jhang Sadr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1175892), [Hafizabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1177384), [Chiniot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1181096), [Mardan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1170880), [Malir Cantonment](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1171305), [Mingora](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1170395), [Abbottabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185056), [Mirpur Khas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1170295), [Skardu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1164709), [Bahawalnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1183883), [Muzaffargarh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1169605), [Jacobabad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1176515), [Gilgit](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1178338), [Shikarpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1165108), [Dadu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1180809), [Shahkot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1165569), [Kamoke](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1175088) - **South Korea** (44): [Seoul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1835848), [Busan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1838524), [Incheon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1843564), [Daegu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1835329), [Daejeon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1835235), [Gwangju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1841811), [Suwon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1835553), [Ulsan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1833747), [Goyang-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1842485), [Changwon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1846326), [Seongnam-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1897000), [Cheongju-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1845604), [Bucheon-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1838716), [Cheonan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1845759), [Hwaseong-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1843847), [Jeonju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1845457), [Ansan-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1846918), [Anyang-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1846898), [Kimhae](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1842943), [Pohang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1839071), [Jeju City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1846266), [Uijeongbu-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1833788), [Masan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1841246), [Gumi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1842225), [Sejong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11523293), [Pyeongtaek](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1838343), [Yangsan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1832828), [Gwangmyeong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1948005), [Wŏnju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1833105), [Chinju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1846052), [Iksan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1843491), [Gunpo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1842030), [Chuncheon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1845136), [Suncheon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1835648), [Yeosu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1884138), [Mokpo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1841066), [Gyeongsan-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1841598), [Gunsan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1842025), [Hanam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1897007), [Gyeongju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1841603), [Osan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1839652), [Geoje](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11101805), [Chungju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1845033), [Gangneung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1843137) - **UK** (44): [London](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2643743), [Birmingham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2655603), [Glasgow](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2648579), [Manchester](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2643123), [Sheffield](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2638077), [Leeds](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2644688), [Edinburgh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2650225), [Liverpool](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2644210), [Bristol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2654675), [Cardiff](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2653822), [Leicester](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2644668), [Bradford](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2654993), [Belfast](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2655984), [Coventry](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2652221), [Brent](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2654789), [Birkenhead](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2655613), [Nottingham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2641170), [Islington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2646003), [Reading](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2639577), [Kingston upon Hull](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2645425), [Preston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2639912), [Swansea](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2636432), [Newcastle upon Tyne](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2641673), [Southend-on-Sea](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2637433), [Brighton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2654710), [Derby](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2651347), [Southampton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2637487), [Wolverhampton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2633691), [Plymouth](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2640194), [Stoke-on-Trent](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2636841), [Milton Keynes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2642465), [City of Westminster](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2634341), [Northampton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2641430), [Oldham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2641022), [Bexley](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2655775), [Luton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2643339), [Archway](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11777624), [Portsmouth](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2639996), [Swindon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2636389), [Dudley](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2650839), [Aberdeen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2657832), [Gateshead](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2648773), [Borehamwood](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2655186), [Salford](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2638671) - **Ukraine** (42): [Kyiv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/703448), [Kharkiv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/706483), [Odesa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/698740), [Dnipro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/709930), [Donetsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/709717), [Lviv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/702550), [Zaporizhzhya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/687700), [Kryvyy Rih](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/703845), [Sevastopol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/694423), [Mykolayiv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/700569), [Saltivka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6722148), [Luhansk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/702658), [Vinnytsya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/689558), [Desna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13546519), [Dniprovskyi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13546518), [Darnytsya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13580095), [Svyatoshyn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13535747), [Makiivka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/702320), [Simferopol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/693805), [Obolon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8519916), [Chernihiv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/710735), [Kherson](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/706448), [Poltava](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/696643), [Solomyansk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13546520), [Khmelnytskyi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/706369), [Cherkasy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/710791), [Chernivtsi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/710719), [Zhytomyr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/686967), [Sumy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/692194), [Holosiyiv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13535744), [Rivne](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/695594), [Vyhurivshchyna-Troieshchyna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/688758), [Horlivka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/707753), [Ivano-Frankivsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/707471), [Kamyanske](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/709932), [Ternopil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/691650), [Shevchenko](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13546521), [Kropyvnytskyy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/705812), [Kremenchuk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/704147), [Lutsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/702569), [Bila Tserkva](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/712165), [Rayon KTZ](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13561808) - **Spain** (37): [Madrid](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3117735), [Barcelona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3128760), [Valencia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2509954), [Zaragoza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3104324), [Sevilla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2510911), [Málaga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2514256), [Murcia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2513416), [Palma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2512989), [Las Palmas de Gran Canaria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2515270), [Alicante](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2521978), [Bilbao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3128026), [Córdoba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2519240), [Valladolid](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3106672), [Vigo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3105976), [Gijón](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3121424), [Eixample](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6544100), [Gasteiz / Vitoria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3104499), [L'Hospitalet de Llobregat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3120619), [Latina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6544489), [Carabanchel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6544493), [A Coruña](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3119841), [Puente de Vallecas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3112737), [Fuencarral](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3121969), [Sant Martí](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6544105), [Elche](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2518559), [Granada](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2517117), [Ciudad Lineal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3124964), [Fuencarral-El Pardo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8285534), [Oviedo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3114711), [Terrassa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3108286), [Badalona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3129028), [Cartagena](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2520058), [Jerez de la Frontera](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2516326), [Sabadell](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3111199), [Santa Cruz de Tenerife](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2511174), [Pamplona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3114472), [Móstoles](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3116025) - **Bangladesh** (36): [Dhaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185241), [Chattogram](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1205733), [Gazipur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1200109), [Khulna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1336135), [Rangpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185188), [Comilla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185186), [Rajshahi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185128), [Pallabi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7696679), [Mirpur Model Thana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11395976), [Mohammadpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1194041), [Hāthazāri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1462674), [Bāndarban](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185270), [Shibganj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185107), [Natore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7483813), [Kafrul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1199503), [Tungi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185098), [Bhatara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1209106), [Savar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1349452), [Narsingdi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185117), [Nagar Naluākot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1193745), [Bagerhat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185281), [Brāhmanbāria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1336142), [Cox’s Bāzār](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1336134), [Jessore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1336140), [Nāgarpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185159), [Sylhet](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185099), [Mymensingh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185162), [Narayanganj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1185155), [Ashuganj City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1212405), [Bogra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1337233), [Dinajpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1203891), [Karnaphuli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8299875), [Chāndpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1207337), [Motijheel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13589478), [Barishal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1336137), [Saidpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6545349) - **Egypt** (36): [Cairo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/360630), [Alexandria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/361058), [Giza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/360995), [Shubrā al Khaymah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/349076), [Port Said](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/358619), [Suez](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/359796), [Madīnat an Naşr](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/353225), [Al Mansurah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/360761), [Al Maḩallah al Kubrá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/360829), [Tanta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/347497), [Assiut](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/359783), [Al Fayyum](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/361320), [Al Khuşūş](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/360890), [Esna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/355449), [Zagazig](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/359493), [Ismailia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/361055), [Luxor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/360502), [Kom Ombo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/353802), [Aswān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/359792), [6th of October City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/353219), [Ḩadā’iq al Qubbah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/356436), [Damanhur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/358448), [New Cairo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7799991), [Al Qāhirah al Jadīdah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8134081), [Damietta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/358048), [Rosetta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/350203), [Minya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/360686), [Banī Suwayf](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/359173), [Shibīn al Kawm](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/349158), [Sohag](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/347796), [Qina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/350550), [Al ‘Āshir min Ramaḑān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/353229), [Ḩalwān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/355795), [Mallawī](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/352951), [Hurghada](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/361291), [Arīsh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/361546) - **South Africa** (36): [Johannesburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/993800), [Cape Town](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3369157), [Durban](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1007311), [Pretoria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/964137), [Soweto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/953781), [Gqeberha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/964420), [Soshanguve](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/954013), [Pietermaritzburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/965301), [Evaton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1004866), [Benoni](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1020098), [Bloemfontein](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1018725), [Thembisa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/949880), [East London](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1006984), [Vereeniging](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/944385), [Boksburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1017780), [Welkom](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/940909), [Newcastle](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/971421), [Krugersdorp](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/986822), [Rustenburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/958724), [Emalahleni](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/939270), [Diepsloot](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8764562), [Randburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/963241), [Roodepoort](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/936374), [Botshabelo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1016670), [Brakpan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1016181), [Kariega](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/946877), [Polokwane](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/965289), [Germiston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1002108), [Richards Bay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/962367), [Vanderbijlpark](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/944986), [Athlone](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3370356), [Paarl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3363094), [Centurion](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1105777), [Klerksdorp](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/989921), [Somerset West](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6951112), [Mdantsane](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/977432) - **Venezuela** (31): [Caracas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3646738), [Maracaibo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3633009), [Valencia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3625549), [Barquisimeto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3648522), [Ciudad Guayana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3645528), [Barcelona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3648559), [Maturín](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3778045), [Maracay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3632998), [Ciudad Bolívar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3645532), [Cumaná](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3644768), [Barinas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3648546), [Puerto La Cruz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3629672), [Petare](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3630297), [Cabimas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3647651), [Turmero](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3625829), [Mérida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3632308), [San Cristóbal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3628473), [Alto Barinas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3487903), [Santa Teresa del Tuy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3627047), [Los Teques](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3633622), [Guarenas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3640049), [Coro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3645213), [Valera](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3625542), [Baruta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3648439), [Ciudad Ojeda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3645527), [San Fernando de Apure](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3805673), [Guatire](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3639898), [El Tigre](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3641351), [Porlamar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3629965), [San Felipe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3628423), [Guacara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3640465) - **Colombia** (29): [Bogotá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3688689), [Cali](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3687925), [Medellín](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3674962), [Barranquilla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3689147), [Cartagena](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3687238), [Cúcuta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3685533), [Soacha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3667905), [Bucaramanga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3688465), [Ibagué](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3680656), [Santa Marta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3668605), [Montería](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3674453), [Valledupar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3666304), [Pereira](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3672486), [Manizales](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3675443), [Buenaventura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3688452), [Bello](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3688928), [Pasto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3672778), [Neiva](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3673899), [Soledad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3667849), [Villavicencio](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3665900), [Popayán](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3671916), [Palmira](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3673164), [Armenia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3689560), [Itagüí](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3680450), [Sincelejo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3667983), [Floridablanca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3682385), [Buenaventura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3688451), [Tuluá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3666645), [Dosquebradas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3685095) - **Canada** (29): [Toronto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6167865), [Montréal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6077243), [Calgary](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5913490), [Ottawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6094817), [Edmonton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5946768), [Winnipeg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6183235), [Mississauga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6075357), [Vancouver](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6173331), [Brampton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5907364), [Hamilton](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5969782), [Surrey](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6159905), [Québec](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6325494), [Halifax](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6324729), [Laval](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6050610), [London](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6058560), [Etobicoke](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5950268), [Markham](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6066513), [Vaughan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6173577), [Gatineau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5959974), [Victoria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6174041), [Saskatoon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6141256), [Kitchener](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5992996), [Burnaby](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5911606), [Windsor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6182962), [Longueuil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6059891), [Regina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6119109), [Oakville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6092122), [Richmond](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6122085), [Richmond Hill](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6122091) - **Democratic Republic of the Congo** (26): [Kinshasa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2314302), [Lubumbashi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/922704), [Mbuji-Mayi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/209228), [Kananga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/214481), [Kisangani](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/212730), [Bukavu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/217831), [Kolwezi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/922773), [Likasi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/922741), [Tshikapa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/204953), [Kikwit](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2314705), [Masina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2593460), [Mbandaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2312895), [Goma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/216281), [Matadi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2313002), [Uvira](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/204405), [Bunia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/217695), [Boma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2316702), [Mwene](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8461573), [Butembo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/217562), [Isiro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/215771), [Kindu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/212902), [Kabinda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/215527), [Gandajika](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/216449), [Bandundu Province](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2317397), [Kamina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/214614), [Gemena](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2315728) - **Tanzania** (23): [Dar es Salaam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/160263), [Mwanza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/152224), [Dodoma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/160196), [Zanzibar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/148730), [Arusha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/161325), [Mbeya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/154380), [Morogoro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/153220), [Kahama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/158597), [Tanga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/149606), [Geita](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/159908), [Tabora](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/149658), [Sumbawanga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/149703), [Songea](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/877401), [Kibaha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/158027), [Bariadi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/161218), [Kasulu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/158214), [Singida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/149879), [Kigoma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/157738), [Moshi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/153209), [Tunduma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/149402), [Ifakara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/159492), [Mpanda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/153176), [Iringa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/159071) - **Iraq** (22): [Baghdad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/98182), [Al Mawşil al Jadīdah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99071), [Al Başrah al Qadīmah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/388349), [Mosul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99072), [Erbil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/95446), [Basrah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99532), [Karbala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/94824), [Kirkuk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/94787), [Abū Ghurayb](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/100077), [Sulaymaniyah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/98463), [Nasiriyah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/98854), [Najaf](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/98860), [Al Hillah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99347), [Al Maḩmūdīyah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99100), [Dihok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/96994), [Al ‘Amārah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99608), [Al Diwaniyah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99762), [Al-Kut](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99131), [Al Qurnah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/98993), [Al Madīnah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/99106), [Kelar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/95005), [Ramadi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/98717) - **Angola** (22): [Luanda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2240449), [Lubango](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3347762), [Huambo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3348313), [Benguela](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3351663), [Cabinda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2243271), [Talatona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2591976), [Malanje](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2239862), [Cazenga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2591949), [Saurimo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/145531), [Ingombota](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10627325), [Lobito](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3347939), [Cuíto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3348078), [Uíge](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2236568), [Maianga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2239888), [Luena](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3347719), [Rangel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13546341), [Mossamedes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3347019), [Menongue](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3347353), [Chitato](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/145778), [Sambizanga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/13546343), [Sumbe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3346015), [Soyo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2236967) - **Saudi Arabia** (20): [Jeddah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/105343), [Riyadh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/108410), [Makkah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/104515), [Madinah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/109223), [Dammam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/110336), [Sulţānah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/101760), [Buraydah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/107304), [Ta’if](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/107968), [Tabuk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/101628), [Ha'il](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/106281), [Najrān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/103630), [Al Kharj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/109353), [Khamis Mushait](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/105072), [Al Hufūf](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/109571), [Al Mubarraz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/109101), [Hafar Al-Batin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/106297), [Thuqbah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/107991), [Al Jubayl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/109435), [Abha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/110690), [Yanbu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/100425) - **Taiwan** (19): [Taipei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1668341), [New Taipei City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12908892), [Taichung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1668399), [Kaohsiung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1673820), [Tainan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1668355), [Banqiao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1670029), [Taoyuan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1667905), [Hsinchu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1675151), [Taoyuan City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6696918), [Keelung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1678228), [Fengshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1673816), [Neihu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1671467), [Chiayi City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1678836), [Yongkang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1665221), [Chang-hua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1679136), [Changhua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1993459), [Zhubei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1677112), [Bade](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1670909), [Xizhi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1675393) - **Hong Kong** (19): [Hong Kong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1819729), [New Territories](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12747063), [Kowloon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1819609), [Hong Kong Island](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12747064), [Victoria](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1931681), [Tuen Mun](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818446), [Sha Tin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818920), [Sham Shui Po](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818953), [Wong Tai Sin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818304), [Kowloon City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1819607), [Tseung Kwan O](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818506), [Kwai Chung](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1819595), [Tsuen Wan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818209), [Tin Shui Wai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818558), [Tai Po](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818673), [Fanling](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1819873), [Ma On Shan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1819400), [Yuen Long San Hui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818222), [Yuen Long](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1818225) - **Morocco** (19): [Casablanca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2553604), [Rabat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2538475), [Fes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2548885), [Tangier](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2530335), [Marrakesh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2542997), [Salé](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2537763), [Agadir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2561668), [Meknes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2542715), [Oujda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2540483), [Kenitra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2544571), [Tétouan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2528910), [Al Hoceïma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2558545), [Temara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2529013), [Safi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2537881), [Mohammedia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2542051), [Khouribga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2544248), [El Jadida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2550078), [Beni Mellal](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2555745), [Salé Al Jadida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10920963) - **Argentina** (19): [Buenos Aires](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3435910), [Córdoba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3860259), [Rosario](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3838583), [Mar del Plata](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3430863), [San Miguel de Tucumán](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3836873), [Salta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3838233), [Santa Fe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3836277), [Corrientes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3435217), [Posadas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3429886), [Bahía Blanca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3865086), [Resistencia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3429577), [Merlo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3430697), [Quilmes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3429652), [San Salvador de Jujuy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3836564), [Santiago del Estero](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3835869), [Paraná](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3841956), [Neuquén](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3843123), [José C. Paz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12076997), [Formosa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3433899) - **Poland** (19): [Warsaw](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/756135), [Kraków](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3094802), [Wrocław](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3081368), [Łódź](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3093133), [Poznań](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3088171), [Gdańsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3099434), [Szczecin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3083829), [Lublin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/765876), [Bydgoszcz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3102014), [Białystok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/776069), [Katowice](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3096472), [Gdynia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3099424), [Częstochowa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3100946), [Sosnowiec](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3085128), [Radom](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/760778), [Mokotów](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/764484), [Gliwice](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3099230), [Rzeszów](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/759734), [Toruń](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3083271) - **Chile** (18): [Santiago](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3871336), [Puente Alto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3875024), [Maipú](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3880980), [Antofagasta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3899539), [Viña del Mar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3868121), [Valparaíso](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3868626), [Ñuñoa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3878431), [San Bernardo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3872348), [Puerto Montt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3874960), [Arica](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3899361), [Peñalolén](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3876682), [Temuco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3870011), [Concepción](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3893894), [Rancagua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3873775), [Quilicura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3874212), [La Pintana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7281017), [Iquique](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3887127), [Talca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3870294) - **Italy** (17): [Rome](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3169070), [Milan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3173435), [Naples](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3172394), [Turin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3165524), [Palermo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2523920), [Genoa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3176219), [Bologna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3181928), [Florence](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3176959), [Bari](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3182351), [Catania](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2525068), [Verona](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3164527), [Messina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2524170), [Trieste](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3165185), [Padova](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3171728), [Brescia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3181554), [Taranto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3165926), [Parma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3171457) - **Peru** (16): [Lima](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3936456), [Callao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3946083), [Arequipa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3947322), [Trujillo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3691175), [Chiclayo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3698350), [Piura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3693528), [Huancayo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3939459), [Cusco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3941584), [Iquitos](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3696183), [Pucallpa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3693345), [Chimbote](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3698304), [Tacna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3928128), [Ica](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3938527), [Santiago de Surco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3928245), [Juliaca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3937513), [Cajamarca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3699088) - **North Korea** (16): [Pyongyang](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1871859), [Hamhŭng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1877449), [Namp’o](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1873757), [Sunch’ŏn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1869012), [Hŭngnam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1877030), [Kaesŏng](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1876373), [Wŏnsan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1866923), [Chongjin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2044757), [Man’gyŏngdae-ri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1874533), [Kaech’ŏn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1876401), [Sariwŏn-si](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1870883), [Sinŭiju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2040893), [Tŏkch’ŏn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1868144), [Haeju](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1877615), [Kanggye](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2043572), [Changam-ch’on](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2045220) - **Australia** (15): [Sydney](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2147714), [Melbourne](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2158177), [Brisbane](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2174003), [Perth](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2063523), [Adelaide](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2078025), [Gold Coast](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2165087), [Newcastle](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2155472), [Canberra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2172517), [Central Coast](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8310663), [Sunshine Coast](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10630449), [Logan City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7281838), [Geelong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2165798), [Wollongong](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2171507), [Hobart](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2163355), [Townsville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2146142) - **Ethiopia** (15): [Addis Ababa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/344979), [Jijiga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/333795), [Gonder](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/336014), [Mek'ele](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/331180), [Nazrēt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/330186), [Warder](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/326282), [Awasa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/343137), [Bahir Dar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/342884), [Dire Dawa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/338832), [Dessie](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/339219), [Jimma](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/333772), [Shashamane](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/328689), [Bishoftu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/339666), [Sodo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7910079), [Arba Minch](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/343663) - **Ecuador** (15): [Quito](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3652462), [Guayaquil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3657509), [Cuenca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3658666), [Santo Domingo de los Colorados](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3651297), [Ambato](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3660689), [Portoviejo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3652941), [Eloy Alfaro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3658192), [Machala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3654533), [Loja](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3654667), [Manta](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3654410), [Riobamba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3652350), [Ibarra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3655673), [Esmeraldas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3657990), [Quevedo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3652567), [Latacunga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3654870) - **Kazakhstan** (15): [Almaty](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1526384), [Shymkent](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1518980), [Aktobe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/610611), [Karagandy](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/609655), [Taraz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1516905), [Kyzylorda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1519922), [Astana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1526273), [Oral](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/608668), [Pavlodar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1520240), [Ust-Kamenogorsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1520316), [Semey](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1519422), [Atyrau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/610529), [Turkestan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1517945), [Kostanay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1519928), [Petropavl](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1520172) - **Romania** (15): [Bucharest](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/683506), [Sector 3](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11048319), [Iaşi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/675810), [Sector 6](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11048323), [Constanţa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/680963), [Sector 2](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11048318), [Sector 4](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11048320), [Cluj-Napoca](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/681290), [Sector 5](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11048322), [Braşov](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/683844), [Timişoara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/665087), [Craiova](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/680332), [Sector 1](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11048317), [Galaţi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/677697), [Târgu Mureş](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/665004) - **France** (14): [Paris](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2988507), [Marseille](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2995469), [Lyon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2996944), [Toulouse](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2972315), [Nice](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2990440), [Nantes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2990969), [Marne La Vallée](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12278193), [Strasbourg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2973783), [Bordeaux](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3031582), [Montpellier](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2992166), [Lille](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2998324), [Rennes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2983990), [Sarcelles](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2976043), [Creteil](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3022530) - **Sudan** (13): [Khartoum](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/379252), [Omdurman](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/365137), [Khartoum North](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/379251), [Nyala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/369004), [Port Sudan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/377039), [Kassala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/372753), [El Obeid](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/379003), [Al Qadarif](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/379062), [Kosti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/371760), [Wad Medani](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/364103), [El Daein](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/380148), [El Fasher](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/379555), [Singa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/366847) - **Ivory Coast** (12): [Abidjan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2293538), [Abobo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2293521), [Bouaké](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2290956), [Korhogo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2286304), [Daloa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2290486), [Koumassi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2285853), [San-Pédro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2282006), [Gagnoa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2288829), [Yamoussoukro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2279755), [Sinfra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2281606), [Man](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2284647), [Marcory](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2595323) - **Singapore** (12): [Singapore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1880252), [Ulu Bedok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1880159), [Bedok New Town](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1884382), [Tampines Estate](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1880216), [Jurong Town](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1881953), [Tampines New Town](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1882115), [Jurong West](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1881955), [Woodlands](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1882316), [Sengkang New Town](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7289760), [Hougang New Town](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1881948), [Yishun New Town](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1882155), [Punggol](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1880348) - **Senegal** (12): [Dakar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2253354), [Touba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2244322), [Pikine](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2246678), [Guédiawaye](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2595778), [Thiès](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2244802), [Kaolack](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2250805), [Rufisque](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2246512), [Mbour](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2248477), [Saint-Louis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2246452), [Thiès Nones](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2244799), [Rufisque est](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11101625), [Ziguinchor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2243940) - **Uzbekistan** (12): [Tashkent](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1512569), [Andijon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1514588), [Namangan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1513157), [Samarkand](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1216265), [Yunusobod](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1512296), [Nukus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/601294), [Fergana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1514019), [Bukhara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1217662), [Qarshi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1216311), [Chilanzar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1514230), [Qo‘qon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1512979), [Marg‘ilon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1513243) - **Algeria** (11): [Algiers](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2507480), [Oran](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2485926), [Constantine](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2501152), [Annaba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2506999), [Blida](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2503769), [Batna City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2505572), [Bab Ezzouar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2505854), [Djelfa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2500017), [Sétif](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2481700), [Sidi Bel Abbes](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2481007), [Biskra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2503826) - **Cuba** (11): [Havana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3553478), [Santiago de Cuba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3536729), [Camagüey](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3566067), [Holguín](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3556969), [Guantánamo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3557689), [Santa Clara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3537906), [Almendares](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3569175), [Diez de Octubre](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6956648), [Arroyo Naranjo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3568342), [Mantilla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3547932), [Las Tunas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3550598) - **Myanmar** (10): [Yangon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1298824), [Mandalay](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1311874), [Nay Pyi Taw](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6611854), [Hlaingthaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8740157), [Mawlamyine](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1308465), [Kalemyo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1321218), [Insein](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1321937), [Bago](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1300466), [Amarapura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1329221), [Pathein](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1328421) - **Kenya** (10): [Nairobi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/184745), [Kakamega](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/195272), [Mombasa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/186301), [Nakuru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/184622), [Ruiru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/181032), [Eldoret](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/198629), [Kisumu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/191245), [Kikuyu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/192126), [Thika](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/179330), [Naivasha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/184707) - **Mozambique** (10): [Maputo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1040652), [Matola](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1039854), [Nampula](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1033356), [Beira](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1052373), [Chimoio](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1049261), [Tete](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1026014), [Quelimane](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1028434), [Lichinga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1043893), [Nacala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1035025), [Pemba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1028918) - **UAE** (9): [Dubai](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/292223), [Abu Dhabi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/292968), [Sharjah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/292672), [Al Ain City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/292913), [Ajman](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/292932), [Dayrah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/292261), [Ras Al Khaimah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/291074), [Musaffah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/12042053), [Jebel Ali](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11524601) - **Syria** (9): [Aleppo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/170063), [Damascus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/170654), [Homs](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/169577), [Latakia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/173576), [Ar Raqqah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/172955), [Ḩamāh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/170017), [Ţarţūs](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/163345), [Al Ḩasakah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/173811), [Deir ez-Zor](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/170794) - **Somalia** (7): [Mogadishu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/53654), [Borama](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/64021), [Hargeysa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/57289), [Berbera](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/64435), [Kismayo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/55671), [Marka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/54225), [El Dibir](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/60149) - **Ghana** (7): [Kumasi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2298890), [Accra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2306104), [Tamale](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2294877), [Takoradi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2294915), [Sekondi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/11808941), [Cape Coast](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2302357), [Atsiaman](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2306079) - **Zambia** (7): [Lusaka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/909137), [Kitwe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/911148), [Ndola](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/901344), [Chipata](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/918702), [Solwezi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/897045), [Kabwe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/916095), [Chingola](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/919009) - **Belarus** (7): [Minsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/625144), [Homyel'](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/627907), [Hrodna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/627904), [Vitebsk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/620127), [Mahilyow](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/625665), [Brest](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/629634), [Bobruysk](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/630468) - **Uganda** (7): [Kampala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/232422), [Nansana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10943053), [Kira](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/231165), [Bunamwaya](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/234179), [Kyengera](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/10858926), [Mbarara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/229268), [Kasangati](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/232110) - **Nepal** (7): [Kathmandu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1283240), [Pokhara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1282898), [Bharatpur](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1283613), [Pātan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1282931), [Birgañj](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1283581), [Biratnagar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1283582), [Dhangaḍhi̇̄](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1283467) - **Cameroon** (7): [Douala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2232593), [Yaoundé](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2220957), [Bamenda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2234974), [Bafoussam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2235189), [Maroua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2228373), [Ngaoundéré](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2224827), [Kumba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2229752) - **Netherlands** (7): [Rotterdam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2747891), [Amsterdam](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2759794), [The Hague](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2747373), [Utrecht](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2745912), [Groningen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2755251), [Eindhoven](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2756253), [Tilburg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2746301) - **Dominican Republic** (6): [Santo Domingo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3492908), [Santiago de los Caballeros](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3492914), [Santo Domingo Oeste](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7874116), [Santo Domingo Este](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8601412), [San Pedro de Macorís](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3493032), [La Romana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3500957) - **Yemen** (6): [Sanaa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/71137), [Aden](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/415189), [Taiz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/70225), [Ibb](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/74477), [Al Ḩudaydah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/79415), [Mukalla](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/78754) - **Libya** (6): [Tripoli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2210247), [Benghazi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/88319), [Misratah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2214846), [Zliten](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2208485), [Al Khums](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2219905), [Az Zāwīyah](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2218970) - **Haiti** (6): [Port-au-Prince](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3718426), [Carrefour](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3728338), [Delmas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3726786), [Port-de-Paix](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3718420), [Pétionville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3719028), [Croix-des-Bouquets](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3727135) - **Finland** (6): [Helsinki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/658225), [Espoo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/660158), [Tampere](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/634963), [Vantaa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/632453), [Oulu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/643492), [Turku](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/633679) - **Afghanistan** (5): [Kabul](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1138958), [Herāt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1140026), [Mazār-e Sharīf](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1133616), [Kandahār](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1138336), [Jalālābād](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1139715) - **Bolivia** (5): [La Paz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3911925), [Santa Cruz de la Sierra](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3904906), [Cochabamba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3919968), [Sucre](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3903987), [Oruro](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3909234) - **Zimbabwe** (5): [Harare](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/890299), [Bulawayo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/894701), [Chitungwiza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1106542), [Mutare](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/884979), [Epworth](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1085510) - **New Zealand** (5): [Auckland](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2193733), [Christchurch](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2192362), [Wellington](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2179537), [Manukau City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2187404), [North Shore](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2185964) - **Madagascar** (5): [Antananarivo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1070940), [Toamasina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1053384), [Antsirabe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1069166), [Mahajanga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1062663), [Fianarantsoa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1064890) - **Jordan** (5): [Amman](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/250441), [Zarqa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/250090), [Irbid](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/248946), [Russeifa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7838895), [Ḩayy Khildā](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/248583) - **Tajikistan** (5): [Dushanbe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1221874), [Isfara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1514896), [Istaravshan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1220253), [Kŭlob](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1221194), [Konibodom](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1514891) - **Benin** (5): [Cotonou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2394819), [Abomey-Calavi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2395914), [Porto-Novo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2392087), [Parakou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2392204), [Godomè](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2394092) - **Thailand** (4): [Bangkok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1609350), [Samut Prakan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1606590), [Mueang Nonthaburi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1608133), [Chon Buri](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1611110) - **Mali** (4): [Bamako](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2460596), [Sikasso](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2451185), [Koutiala](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2454268), [Ségou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2451478) - **Guinea** (4): [Conakry](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2422465), [Camayenne](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2422488), [Nzérékoré](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2416969), [Kankan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2419992) - **Austria** (4): [Vienna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2761369), [Graz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2778067), [Linz](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2772400), [Favoriten](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/8063098) - **Paraguay** (4): [Asunción](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3439389), [Ciudad del Este](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3439101), [San Lorenzo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3437056), [Capiatá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3439214) - **Bulgaria** (4): [Sofia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/727011), [Plovdiv](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/728193), [Varna](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/726050), [Burgas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/732770) - **Azerbaijan** (4): [Baku](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/587084), [Sumqayıt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/584923), [Ganja](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/586523), [Lankaran](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/147622) - **Belgium** (4): [Brussels](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2800866), [Antwerpen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2803138), [Gent](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2797656), [Charleroi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2800481) - **Guatemala** (4): [Guatemala City](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3598132), [Villa Nueva](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3587902), [Mixco](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3592519), [Cobán](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3598119) - **Lebanon** (3): [Beirut](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/276781), [Ra’s Bayrūt](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/268743), [Tripoli](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/266826) - **Sweden** (3): [Stockholm](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2673730), [Göteborg](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2711537), [Malmö](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2692969) - **Niger** (3): [Niamey](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2440485), [Maradi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2441291), [Zinder](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2437798) - **Serbia** (3): [Belgrade](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/792680), [Niš](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/787657), [Novi Sad](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3194360) - **Czech Republic** (3): [Prague](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3067696), [Brno](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3078610), [Ostrava](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3068799) - **Malawi** (3): [Lilongwe](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/927967), [Blantyre](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/931755), [Mzuzu](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/925475) - **Norway** (3): [Oslo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3143244), [Bergen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3161732), [Trondheim](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3133880) - **Honduras** (3): [Tegucigalpa](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3600949), [San Pedro Sula](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3601782), [La Ceiba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3608248) - **Central African Republic** (3): [Bangui](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2389853), [Bimbo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2388873), [Bégoua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2389422) - **Oman** (3): [Muscat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/287286), [Seeb](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/288967), [Bawshar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/288764) - **Tunisia** (3): [Tunis](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2464470), [Sfax](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2467454), [Sousse](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2464915) - **El Salvador** (3): [San Salvador](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3583361), [Soyapango](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3583096), [San Miguel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3583446) - **South Sudan** (3): [Juba](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/373303), [Winejok](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/363807), [Yei](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/363619) - **Switzerland** (3): [Zürich](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2657896), [Genève](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2660646), [Basel](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2661604) - **Burkina Faso** (2): [Ouagadougou](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2357048), [Bobo-Dioulasso](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2362344) - **Republic of the Congo** (2): [Brazzaville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2260535), [Pointe-Noire](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2255414) - **Hungary** (2): [Budapest](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3054643), [Debrecen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/721472) - **Cambodia** (2): [Phnom Penh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1821306), [Takeo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1821940) - **Denmark** (2): [Copenhagen](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2618425), [Århus](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2624652) - **Ireland** (2): [Dublin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2964574), [South Dublin](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/6697759) - **Jamaica** (2): [Kingston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3489854), [New Kingston](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3489297) - **Kyrgyzstan** (2): [Bishkek](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1528675), [Osh](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1527534) - **Turkmenistan** (2): [Ashgabat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/162183), [Türkmenabat](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1219649) - **Bosnia and Herzegovina** (2): [Sarajevo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3191281), [Banja Luka](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3204541) - **Greece** (2): [Athens](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/264371), [Thessaloníki](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/734077) - **Sri Lanka** (2): [Colombo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1248991), [Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1234569) - **Lithuania** (2): [Vilnius](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/593116), [Kaunas](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/598316) - **Portugal** (2): [Lisbon](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2267057), [Porto](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2735943) - **Palestinian Territory** (2): [East Jerusalem](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/7303419), [Gaza](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/281133) - **Slovakia** (2): [Bratislava](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3060972), [Košice](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/724443) - **Puerto Rico** (2): [San Juan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4568127), [Bayamón](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/4562831) - **Panama** (2): [Panamá](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3703443), [San Miguelito](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3701329) - **Qatar** (2): [Doha](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/290030), [Ar Rayyān](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/289888) - **Togo** (1): [Lomé](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2365267) - **Liberia** (1): [Monrovia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2274895) - **Chad** (1): [N'Djamena](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2427123) - **Uruguay** (1): [Montevideo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3441575) - **Mauritania** (1): [Nouakchott](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2377450) - **Armenia** (1): [Yerevan](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/616052) - **Rwanda** (1): [Kigali](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/202061) - **Georgia** (1): [Tbilisi](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/611717) - **Nicaragua** (1): [Managua](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3617763) - **Gabon** (1): [Libreville](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2399697) - **Mongolia** (1): [Ulan Bator](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2028462) - **Sierra Leone** (1): [Freetown](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2409306) - **Burundi** (1): [Bujumbura](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/425378) - **Latvia** (1): [Riga](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/456172) - **Croatia** (1): [Zagreb](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3186886) - **Macao** (1): [Macau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/1821274) - **Kuwait** (1): [Al Aḩmadī](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/285839) - **Moldova** (1): [Chisinau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/618426) - **Djibouti** (1): [Djibouti](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/223817) - **Eritrea** (1): [Asmara](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/343300) - **Kosovo** (1): [Pristina](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/786714) - **North Macedonia** (1): [Skopje](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/785842) - **Guinea-Bissau** (1): [Bissau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2374775) - **Albania** (1): [Tirana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3183875) - **Estonia** (1): [Tallinn](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/588409) - **Namibia** (1): [Windhoek](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3352136) - **Lesotho** (1): [Maseru](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/932505) - **Gambia** (1): [Serekunda](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2411989) - **Costa Rica** (1): [San José](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3621849) - **Papua New Guinea** (1): [Port Moresby](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2088122) - **Slovenia** (1): [Ljubljana](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3196359) - **Botswana** (1): [Gaborone](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/933773) - **Montenegro** (1): [Podgorica](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3193044) - **Guyana** (1): [Georgetown](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3378644) - **Bahamas** (1): [Nassau](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3571824) - **Suriname** (1): [Paramaribo](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3383330) - **Cyprus** (1): [Nicosia](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/146268) - **Gibraltar** (1): [Gibraltar](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2411585) - **Curacao** (1): [Curacao](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/3513090) - **Bahrain** (1): [Bahrain](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/290340) --- --- title: "Zmanim — Halachic Prayer Times" description: "Daily sunrise, sunset, and prayer times based on Jewish law" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/zmanim" --- # Zmanim — Halachic Prayer Times Zmanim (זמנים, "times") are the halachic (Jewish legal) times that govern daily prayer and religious observance. These times change daily based on sunrise and sunset at each location. ## Key Zmanim Explained - **Alot HaShachar (Dawn)**: The earliest time for morning prayers. Approximately 72 minutes before sunrise. - **Netz HaChamah (Sunrise)**: The ideal time to begin Shacharit (morning prayer). When the sun first appears on the horizon. - **Latest Shema**: The deadline for reciting the morning Shema, calculated as the end of the third halachic hour of the day. - **Latest Shacharit**: The deadline for the Shacharit Amidah, at the end of the fourth halachic hour. - **Chatzot (Midday)**: Halachic noon — the midpoint between sunrise and sunset. Relevant for certain prayers and fasts. - **Mincha Gedolah**: The earliest time for Mincha (afternoon prayer), 30 minutes after Chatzot. - **Mincha Ketanah**: The preferred time for Mincha, 2.5 halachic hours before sunset. - **Plag HaMincha**: 1.25 halachic hours before sunset. Some communities begin Maariv (evening prayer) after this time. - **Shkiah (Sunset)**: When the sun disappears below the horizon. The latest time for Mincha. - **Tzet HaKochavim (Nightfall)**: When three medium-sized stars are visible. The earliest time for Maariv and the end of Shabbat. ## Zmanim and Prayer Times - **Shacharit** (Morning Prayer): From sunrise (Netz) until the end of the fourth hour. The Shema should be recited before the end of the third hour. - **Mincha** (Afternoon Prayer): From 30 minutes after Chatzot (Mincha Gedolah) until sunset (Shkiah). - **Maariv** (Evening Prayer): After nightfall (Tzet HaKochavim), when three stars appear. ## Find Zmanim Zmanim are available for every city worldwide. Am Hazak has dedicated zmanim pages for all 3,155 cities listed above, plus 41,488 US ZIP codes. [View all cities](https://www.amhazak.com/zmanim). --- --- title: "Frequently Asked Questions About Jewish Prayer and Practice" description: "Common questions about Jewish prayers, holidays, the Torah, and religious observance" source: "https://www.amhazak.com/faq" --- # Frequently Asked Questions About Jewish Prayer and Practice ## Prayer Basics **What are the three daily Jewish prayers?** The three daily Jewish prayer services are Shacharit (morning), Mincha (afternoon), and Maariv (evening). These were instituted by the patriarchs: Shacharit by Abraham, Mincha by Isaac, and Maariv by Jacob. On Shabbat, holidays, and Rosh Chodesh, an additional Musaf (additional) service is added after Shacharit. **What is the Amidah?** The Amidah (עמידה, "standing prayer"), also called the Shemoneh Esrei ("eighteen"), is the central prayer of every Jewish service. It consists of 19 blessings on weekdays (originally 18, hence the name) and 7 blessings on Shabbat and holidays. It is recited standing, facing Jerusalem, and in silence. **What is a minyan?** A minyan is a quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for communal prayer services. Certain prayers, including Kaddish, Kedushah, the Torah reading, and the priestly blessing, can only be recited with a minyan present. **Can Jewish prayers be said in English?** While Hebrew is the traditional and preferred language for Jewish prayer, halachah (Jewish law) permits praying in any language one understands, with certain exceptions. The Shema should ideally be recited in Hebrew. Many people use transliterated or translated prayer books alongside Hebrew texts. **What direction do Jews face when praying?** Jews pray facing Jerusalem. In the Americas, this generally means facing east. In Europe, it means facing southeast. In Israel, Jews face the direction of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. **What is a siddur?** A siddur (סידור, meaning "order") is the Jewish prayer book containing the ordered text for daily, Shabbat, and holiday prayers. Different communities (Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrachi) have slightly different versions. Am Hazak provides a complete digital siddur. ## Shabbat **When does Shabbat start and end?** Shabbat begins at sunset on Friday evening — candles are traditionally lit 18 minutes before sunset. Shabbat ends on Saturday night when three medium-sized stars are visible, typically 42-72 minutes after sunset depending on location and community custom. **What is Kiddush?** Kiddush (קידוש, "sanctification") is the blessing recited over wine or grape juice to consecrate Shabbat and Jewish holidays. Friday night Kiddush includes a passage from Genesis about creation and the blessing over wine. A shorter daytime Kiddush is recited before the Shabbat midday meal. **What is Havdalah?** Havdalah (הבדלה, "separation") marks the end of Shabbat with four blessings: over wine, fragrant spices, a braided multi-wick candle, and the separation between sacred and ordinary time. The spices comfort the soul as the "extra soul" (neshamah yeterah) of Shabbat departs. ## Jewish Holidays **What are the Jewish High Holidays?** The High Holidays (Yamim Noraim, "Days of Awe") are Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), connected by the Ten Days of Repentance. Rosh Hashanah is celebrated on 1-2 Tishrei, and Yom Kippur on 10 Tishrei, typically falling in September-October. **What is the shofar?** The shofar is a ram's horn blown during Rosh Hashanah services and at the conclusion of Yom Kippur. It is blown 100 times on each day of Rosh Hashanah. The shofar call is a wake-up call to repentance and spiritual renewal. **What are the Four Species (Arba Minim)?** The Four Species are held together and waved during Sukkot prayers: the lulav (palm branch), etrog (citron), hadassim (three myrtle branches), and aravot (two willow branches). They are waved in six directions symbolizing God's presence everywhere. **What is the Passover Seder?** The Seder is a ritualized meal held on the first night(s) of Passover, following a specific order of 15 steps outlined in the Haggadah. Key elements include the Four Questions, the telling of the Exodus story, eating matzah and maror (bitter herbs), drinking four cups of wine, and singing songs of praise. ## Torah & Tanach **How many books are in the Torah?** The Torah contains 5 books: Bereishit (Genesis), Shemot (Exodus), Vayikra (Leviticus), Bamidbar (Numbers), and Devarim (Deuteronomy). Together they contain 187 chapters, 5,845 verses, and 304,805 letters. **What is the Tanach?** The Tanach (תנ״ך) is the Hebrew Bible, named as an acronym for its three sections: Torah (תורה, Teaching — 5 books), Nevi'im (נביאים, Prophets — 21 books), and Ketuvim (כתובים, Writings — 13 books). The complete Tanach contains 39 books, 929 chapters, and 23,205 verses. **What is the Haftarah?** The Haftarah is a reading from the Prophets (Nevi'im) that accompanies the weekly Torah portion each Shabbat and on holidays. The Haftarah passage is thematically connected to the Torah reading. **What is the weekly Torah portion (Parsha)?** Each Shabbat, Jewish communities worldwide read the same Torah portion. There are 54 portions covering the entire Torah, read over the course of one year. The cycle begins and ends on Simchat Torah, a holiday celebrating the completion and renewal of Torah reading. ## Blessings **What is Birkat HaMazon?** Birkat HaMazon (Grace After Meals) consists of four blessings recited after a meal that includes bread: (1) thanking God for food, (2) thanking God for the Land of Israel, (3) praying for Jerusalem's rebuilding, and (4) acknowledging God's goodness. It is one of the few blessings mandated directly by the Torah (Deuteronomy 8:10). **What blessing do you say before eating?** Different foods require different blessings: HaMotzi for bread, Mezonot for grain products, HaGefen for wine/grape juice, Ha'Etz for tree fruits, Ha'Adamah for vegetables, and Shehakol for everything else (meat, fish, eggs, drinks, etc.). ## Lifecycle & Mourning **What is Kaddish?** Kaddish is a prayer sanctifying God's name, recited in Aramaic. The Mourner's Kaddish is said by those who have lost a close relative (parent, spouse, sibling, or child). It is recited for 11 months after a parent's death and on the yahrzeit (anniversary) each year. It requires a minyan. **What is Mi Sheberach?** Mi Sheberach ("He Who Blessed") is a prayer for healing, traditionally recited in synagogue during the Torah reading. It asks God to send complete healing (refuah sheleimah) of body and soul to those who are ill. Names of the sick are mentioned along with their mother's name. **What are Sheva Brachot?** Sheva Brachot (Seven Blessings) are recited at a Jewish wedding ceremony under the chuppah (wedding canopy) and at festive meals during the seven days following the wedding. They praise God for creating humanity, joy, the bride and groom, and the sounds of celebration in Jerusalem. --- # Data Sources & Citations Am Hazak uses the following authoritative sources for its content and calculations: ## Hebrew Bible Text The complete text of the Torah (5 books), Prophets (21 books), and Writings (13 books) is sourced from [Sefaria](https://www.sefaria.org/), a free living library of Jewish texts. Sefaria provides open access to the canonical Hebrew text with vowels (nikud). ## Jewish Calendar & Holiday Dates Holiday dates, Hebrew-Gregorian date conversions, and calendar calculations are powered by [Hebcal](https://www.hebcal.com/), the most widely-used Jewish calendar engine. Hebcal is used by major Jewish organizations worldwide. ## Zmanim (Halachic Prayer Times) Zmanim calculations are based on astronomical algorithms from the [KosherJava](https://kosherjava.com/) zmanim library, the standard reference implementation for halachic time calculations. Times include Alot HaShachar (dawn), sunrise, latest Shema (GRA method), Chatzot (midday), Mincha Gedolah, sunset, and Tzeit HaKochavim (nightfall at 7.083 degrees, when three medium stars emerge). ## Geolocation Data City coordinates, timezone data, and geographic information from [GeoNames](https://www.geonames.org/), a geographical database covering all countries with over 25 million geographical names. ## App Store Listing [Am Hazak on the App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6469804094) — Free iOS app, rated 5.0, 100,000+ users in 100+ countries.