# Am Hazak — Jewish Prayers, Torah & Calendar > Am Hazak is a Jewish prayer and calendar app for iOS with 100,000+ users in 100+ countries. The companion website at https://www.amhazak.com provides the complete text of 55 Jewish prayers in Hebrew with vowels (nikud), the full Tanach — Torah (5 books, 187 chapters), Prophets (21 books, 380 chapters), and Writings (13 books, 362 chapters) — 38 comprehensive prayer guides, information on 60 Jewish holidays across 6 categories with dates, Shabbat candle lighting times and zmanim for every city worldwide, an interactive Jewish calendar, 54 weekly Torah portions with summaries, and 150 Psalms (Tehillim). Available in 14 languages including English, Hebrew, Spanish, French, Russian, Portuguese, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Finnish, and Turkish. > For complete prayer guide content, holiday FAQs, Tanach book descriptions, and parsha summaries, see [https://www.amhazak.com/llms-full.txt](https://www.amhazak.com/llms-full.txt) ## Download - [Am Hazak on the App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6469804094): Free iOS app rated 5.0 — complete siddur, Tehillim, daily/Shabbat/holiday prayers, Shabbat times, zmanim, Jewish calendar, weekly parsha ## Jewish Holiday Dates When are the Jewish holidays? Here are the dates for all 60 Jewish holidays across 6 categories — Major Holidays, Minor Holidays, Minor Fasts, Modern Holidays, Special Shabbatot, and Rosh Chodesh: ### 2026 #### Major Holidays - **Rosh Hashanah** (ראש השנה): September 11, 2026 – September 13, 2026 - **Yom Kippur** (יום כיפור): September 20, 2026 – September 21, 2026 - **Sukkot** (סוכות): September 25, 2026 – October 2, 2026 - **Chanukah** (חנוכה): December 4, 2026 – December 12, 2026 - **Purim** (פורים): March 2, 2026 – March 3, 2026 - **Passover** (פסח): April 1, 2026 – April 9, 2026 - **Shavuot** (שבועות): May 21, 2026 – May 23, 2026 - **Tisha B'Av** (תשעה באב): July 22, 2026 – July 23, 2026 - **Shmini Atzeret** (שמיני עצרת): October 3, 2026 - **Simchat Torah** (שמחת תורה): October 4, 2026 #### Minor Holidays - **Tu BiShvat** (ט"ו בשבט): February 2, 2026 - **Lag BaOmer** (ל"ג בעומר): May 5, 2026 - **Tu B'Av** (ט"ו באב): July 29, 2026 - **Shushan Purim** (שושן פורים): March 4, 2026 - **Pesach Sheni** (פסח שני): May 1, 2026 - **Leil Selichot** (ליל סליחות): September 5, 2026 - **Chag HaBanot** (חג הבנות): December 10, 2026 - **Days of the Omer** (ימי ספירת העומר): April 3, 2026 – May 21, 2026 - **Rosh Hashana LaBehemot** (ראש השנה לבהמות): August 14, 2026 #### Minor Fasts - **Fast of Esther** (תענית אסתר): March 2, 2026 - **Fast of Gedaliah** (צום גדליה): September 14, 2026 - **Seventeenth of Tammuz** (שבעה עשר בתמוז): July 2, 2026 - **Tenth of Tevet** (עשרה בטבת): December 20, 2026 - **Fast of the Firstborn** (תענית בכורות): April 1, 2026 #### Modern Holidays - **Yom HaShoah** (יום השואה): April 14, 2026 - **Yom HaZikaron** (יום הזיכרון): April 21, 2026 - **Yom HaAtzma'ut** (יום העצמאות): April 22, 2026 - **Yom Yerushalayim** (יום ירושלים): May 15, 2026 - **Yom HaAliyah** (יום העלייה): March 28, 2026 - **Yom HaAliyah School Observance** (יום העלייה לבתי ספר): October 18, 2026 - **Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day** (יום הזיכרון ליצחק רבין): October 22, 2026 - **Ben-Gurion Day** (יום בן-גוריון): November 16, 2026 - **Hebrew Language Day** (יום השפה העברית): January 8, 2026 - **Family Day** (יום המשפחה): February 17, 2026 - **Herzl Day** (יום הרצל): April 27, 2026 - **Jabotinsky Day** (יום ז'בוטינסקי): July 14, 2026 - **Sigd** (סיגד): November 9, 2026 #### Special Shabbatot - **Shabbat Shekalim** (שבת שקלים): February 14, 2026 - **Shabbat Zachor** (שבת זכור): February 28, 2026 - **Shabbat Parah** (שבת פרה): March 7, 2026 - **Shabbat HaChodesh** (שבת החודש): March 14, 2026 - **Shabbat HaGadol** (שבת הגדול): March 28, 2026 - **Shabbat Shuva** (שבת שובה): September 19, 2026 - **Shabbat Shirah** (שבת שירה): January 31, 2026 - **Shabbat Nachamu** (שבת נחמו): July 25, 2026 - **Shabbat Chazon** (שבת חזון): July 18, 2026 #### Rosh Chodesh - **Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan** (ראש חודש חשון): October 11, 2026 – October 12, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Kislev** (ראש חודש כסלו): November 10, 2026 – November 11, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Tevet** (ראש חודש טבת): December 10, 2026 – December 11, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Shevat** (ראש חודש שבט): January 19, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Adar** (ראש חודש אדר): February 17, 2026 – February 18, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Nisan** (ראש חודש ניסן): March 19, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Iyar** (ראש חודש אייר): April 17, 2026 – April 18, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Sivan** (ראש חודש סיון): May 17, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Tammuz** (ראש חודש תמוז): June 15, 2026 – June 16, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Av** (ראש חודש אב): July 15, 2026 - **Rosh Chodesh Elul** (ראש חודש אלול): August 13, 2026 – August 14, 2026 ### 2027 #### Major Holidays - **Rosh Hashanah** (ראש השנה): October 1, 2027 – October 3, 2027 - **Yom Kippur** (יום כיפור): October 10, 2027 – October 11, 2027 - **Sukkot** (סוכות): October 15, 2027 – October 22, 2027 - **Passover** (פסח): April 21, 2027 – April 29, 2027 - **Shavuot** (שבועות): June 10, 2027 – June 12, 2027 - **Tisha B'Av** (תשעה באב): August 11, 2027 – August 12, 2027 - **Shmini Atzeret** (שמיני עצרת): October 23, 2027 - **Simchat Torah** (שמחת תורה): October 24, 2027 #### Minor Holidays - **Tu BiShvat** (ט"ו בשבט): January 23, 2027 - **Lag BaOmer** (ל"ג בעומר): May 25, 2027 - **Tu B'Av** (ט"ו באב): August 18, 2027 - **Shushan Purim** (שושן פורים): February 22, 2027 - **Pesach Sheni** (פסח שני): May 21, 2027 - **Leil Selichot** (ליל סליחות): September 25, 2027 - **Chag HaBanot** (חג הבנות): December 30, 2027 - **Days of the Omer** (ימי ספירת העומר): April 23, 2027 – June 10, 2027 - **Rosh Hashana LaBehemot** (ראש השנה לבהמות): September 3, 2027 - **Purim Katan** (פורים קטן): February 21, 2027 - **Shushan Purim Katan** (שושן פורים קטן): February 22, 2027 #### Minor Fasts - **Fast of Esther** (תענית אסתר): March 22, 2027 - **Fast of Gedaliah** (צום גדליה): October 4, 2027 - **Seventeenth of Tammuz** (שבעה עשר בתמוז): July 22, 2027 - **Fast of the Firstborn** (תענית בכורות): April 21, 2027 #### Modern Holidays - **Yom HaShoah** (יום השואה): May 4, 2027 - **Yom HaZikaron** (יום הזיכרון): May 11, 2027 - **Yom HaAtzma'ut** (יום העצמאות): May 12, 2027 - **Yom Yerushalayim** (יום ירושלים): June 4, 2027 - **Yom HaAliyah** (יום העלייה): April 17, 2027 - **Yom HaAliyah School Observance** (יום העלייה לבתי ספר): November 7, 2027 - **Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day** (יום הזיכרון ליצחק רבין): November 11, 2027 - **Ben-Gurion Day** (יום בן-גוריון): December 6, 2027 - **Family Day** (יום המשפחה): February 7, 2027 - **Herzl Day** (יום הרצל): May 17, 2027 - **Jabotinsky Day** (יום ז'בוטינסקי): August 3, 2027 - **Sigd** (סיגד): November 29, 2027 #### Special Shabbatot - **Shabbat Shekalim** (שבת שקלים): March 6, 2027 - **Shabbat Zachor** (שבת זכור): March 20, 2027 - **Shabbat Parah** (שבת פרה): March 27, 2027 - **Shabbat HaChodesh** (שבת החודש): April 3, 2027 - **Shabbat HaGadol** (שבת הגדול): April 17, 2027 - **Shabbat Shuva** (שבת שובה): October 9, 2027 - **Shabbat Shirah** (שבת שירה): January 23, 2027 - **Shabbat Nachamu** (שבת נחמו): August 14, 2027 - **Shabbat Chazon** (שבת חזון): August 7, 2027 #### Rosh Chodesh - **Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan** (ראש חודש חשון): October 31, 2027 – November 1, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Kislev** (ראש חודש כסלו): November 30, 2027 – December 1, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Tevet** (ראש חודש טבת): December 30, 2027 – December 31, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Shevat** (ראש חודש שבט): January 9, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Adar** (ראש חודש אדר): February 7, 2027 – March 10, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Nisan** (ראש חודש ניסן): April 8, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Iyar** (ראש חודש אייר): May 7, 2027 – May 8, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Sivan** (ראש חודש סיון): June 6, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Tammuz** (ראש חודש תמוז): July 5, 2027 – July 6, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Av** (ראש חודש אב): August 4, 2027 - **Rosh Chodesh Elul** (ראש חודש אלול): September 2, 2027 – September 3, 2027 For detailed holiday information, FAQs, and related prayers, see [Jewish Holidays](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays). ### Holiday Dates by Year - [Jewish Holidays 2023](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2023) - [Jewish Holidays 2024](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2024) - [Jewish Holidays 2025](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2025) - [Jewish Holidays 2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2026) - [Jewish Holidays 2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2027) - [Jewish Holidays 2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2028) - [Jewish Holidays 2029](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2029) - [Jewish Holidays 2030](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2030) - [Jewish Holidays 2031](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2031) - [Jewish Holidays 2032](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/2032) ## Prayers Am Hazak provides the full text of 55 Jewish prayers in Hebrew with vowels (nikud), organized by category: ### Complete Prayer Books - [Siddur](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/siddur): A comprehensive siddur containing everything needed for daily, Shabbat, and holiday prayers. - [Tehillim](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim): The Book of Psalms - prayers of praise, thanksgiving, and supplication composed by King David. ### Daily Prayers - [Shacharit](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shacharit): The morning prayer service, recited daily at dawn. - [Mincha](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mincha): The afternoon prayer service, recited in the afternoon hours. - [Maariv](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/maariv): The evening prayer service, recited after nightfall. - [Morning Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/morningblessings): Blessings recited upon waking to thank God for restoring the soul and body. - [Bedtime Shema](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/bedtimeshema): Prayers recited before going to sleep, including the Shema and protective prayers. ### Shabbat Prayers - [Kiddush](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddush): The sanctification blessing recited over wine on Shabbat and holidays. - [Havdalah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/havdalah): The ceremony marking the end of Shabbat, separating the holy from the mundane. - [Candle Lighting](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/candlelighting): The blessing recited when lighting Shabbat and holiday candles. ### Holiday Prayers - [Hallel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/hallel): Psalms of praise recited on festivals and Rosh Chodesh. - [Megillat Esther](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/megillatesther): The Scroll of Esther, read on the holiday of Purim. - [Sefirat HaOmer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/sefirathaomer): The counting of the Omer - the 49 days between Passover and Shavuot. - [Tashlich](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tashlich): The ceremony of symbolically casting away sins, performed on Rosh Hashanah. - [Passover Chametz](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/passoverchametz): Prayers for the search, nullification, and burning of chametz before Passover. - [Eruv Tavshilin](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/eruvtavshilin): The procedure allowing cooking on a holiday for Shabbat. - [Chanukah Candle Lighting](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/chanukahcandlelighting): Blessings and songs for lighting the Chanukah menorah. ### Blessings - [Birkat HaMazon](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birchathamazon): Grace after meals - the blessing recited after eating bread. - [Borei Nefashot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/boreinefashot): The blessing recited after eating foods not requiring Birkat HaMazon or Al HaMichya. - [Me'ein Shalosh](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/meeinshalosh): The blessing recited after eating foods from the seven species of Israel. - [Asher Yatzar](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/asheryatzar): The blessing recited after using the restroom, thanking God for bodily functions. - [Tefilat HaDerech](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tefilathaderech): The traveler's prayer for a safe journey. ### Lifecycle Prayers - [Kaddish](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kaddish): The mourner's prayer sanctifying God's name, recited in memory of the deceased. - [Mi Sheberach](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/misheberach): A prayer for healing and blessing, often recited for those who are ill. - [Sheva Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/shevabrachot): The seven blessings recited at a Jewish wedding and during the week following. - [Mezuzah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/mezuzah): The blessing for affixing a mezuzah to a doorpost. - [Tevillat Kelim](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tevillatkelim): The blessing for immersing utensils in a mikvah. ### Monthly & Special Prayers - [Rosh Chodesh Musaf](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/roshchodeshmusaf): The additional prayer service for the new month. - [Kiddush Levanah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/kiddushlevanah): The blessing of the new moon, recited monthly. - [Blessings for Haftarah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/birchothahaftarah): Blessings recited before and after the Haftarah reading. - [Prayer for Israel](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/stateofisrael): Prayer for the welfare of the State of Israel. - [Tikkun Chatzot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tikkunchatzot): The midnight lament mourning the destruction of the Temple. - [All Prayers](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers): Browse the complete collection - [Popular Prayers](https://www.amhazak.com/popular-prayers): The most commonly read prayers ## Prayer Guides 38 comprehensive guides explaining how to pray, when to pray, and the meaning behind Jewish prayers and rituals: ### Daily Prayers - [How to Pray Shacharit: A Step-by-Step Morning Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit): Learn how to pray the Jewish morning prayer service (Shacharit) with this comprehensive step-by-step guide. Includes the order of prayers, time requirements, and practical tips for beginners. - [Understanding Shema: The Central Prayer of Jewish Faith](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema): Discover the meaning, history, and significance of the Shema prayer. Learn when and how to recite Shema, its three paragraphs, and why it's the most important prayer in Judaism. - [The Amidah: Complete Guide to the Standing Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/amidah-guide): Master the Amidah (Shemoneh Esrei), the central prayer of every Jewish service. Learn the structure, meaning of each blessing, proper concentration, and physical practices. - [How to Pray Mincha: A Guide to the Afternoon Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-mincha): Learn how to pray Mincha, the Jewish afternoon prayer. Includes the structure, timing, and practical tips for fitting this brief but powerful prayer into your daily schedule. - [How to Pray Maariv: A Guide to the Evening Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-maariv): Learn how to pray Maariv (Arvit), the Jewish evening prayer. This guide covers the structure, timing, and unique elements of the nighttime service. - [Bedtime Shema: Complete Guide to the Night Prayer](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/bedtimeshema-guide): Learn how to recite Kriat Shema al HaMitah, the bedtime Shema. Includes the prayers, their meaning, and how this nightly practice brings peace and spiritual protection. - [Morning Blessings: A Guide to Starting Your Day with Gratitude](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/morningblessings-guide): Learn the Morning Blessings (Birchot HaShachar) that begin the Jewish day. Understand each blessing's meaning and how these prayers cultivate gratitude for life's daily gifts. ### Shabbat - [Complete Guide to Kiddush: Blessing the Sabbath Wine](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide): Learn everything about Kiddush - the Jewish blessing over wine that sanctifies Shabbat and holidays. Includes the text, when to say it, who should recite it, and step-by-step instructions. - [How to Make Havdalah: Complete Guide to Ending Shabbat](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/havdalah-guide): Learn how to perform Havdalah, the ceremony marking the end of Shabbat. Includes the blessings over wine, spices, and fire, step-by-step instructions, and customs. - [Shabbat Candle Lighting: A Complete Guide to Welcoming the Sabbath](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/candlelighting-guide): Learn the beautiful tradition of lighting Shabbat candles. Includes the blessing, proper timing, customs, and the spiritual significance of this weekly mitzvah. ### Holidays - [Guide to Hallel: Psalms of Praise](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/hallel-guide): Learn about Hallel, the collection of praise psalms (113-118) recited on Jewish holidays. Includes when full and half Hallel are said and how to recite it. - [Rosh Hashanah Prayer Guide: High Holiday Prayers Explained](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/rosh-hashanah-guide): Complete guide to Rosh Hashanah prayers including Shofar, Tashlich, the Machzor, and unique High Holiday liturgy. Learn the meaning behind the prayers. - [Yom Kippur Prayer Guide: Day of Atonement Services](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/yom-kippur-guide): Complete guide to Yom Kippur prayers including Kol Nidrei, the five services, Vidui (confession), and Neilah. Understand the holiest day of the Jewish year. - [Passover Seder Guide: The 15 Steps and Haggadah Overview](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/passover-seder-guide): Complete guide to conducting a Passover Seder, including the 15 steps, Seder plate items, the Four Questions, and key Haggadah passages. - [Chanukah Prayer Guide: Candle Lighting and Blessings](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/chanukah-guide): Complete guide to Chanukah prayers and rituals including candle lighting order, the three blessings, Maoz Tzur, Al HaNissim, and Hallel. - [Megillat Esther: Complete Guide to the Purim Reading](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/megillatesther-guide): Learn about Megillat Esther, the Book of Esther read on Purim. Includes the story, laws of the reading, customs, and how to fulfill this joyous mitzvah. - [Sefirat HaOmer: Counting the Omer from Passover to Shavuot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/sefirathaomer-guide): Learn how to count the Omer, the 49-day period between Passover and Shavuot. Includes the blessing, counting method, spiritual significance, and customs of this period. - [Tashlich: The Symbolic Casting Away of Sins on Rosh Hashanah](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tashlich-guide): Learn about Tashlich, the Rosh Hashanah custom of symbolically casting sins into water. Includes the prayers, when and where to perform it, and its spiritual meaning. - [Passover Chametz: Search, Nullification, and Burning Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/passoverchametz-guide): Complete guide to the Passover chametz rituals: Bedikat Chametz (search), Bitul Chametz (nullification), and Biur Chametz (burning). Learn the prayers and proper procedures. - [Eruv Tavshilin: Preparing for Shabbat During a Holiday](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/eruvtavshilin-guide): Learn about Eruv Tavshilin, the rabbinic enactment that permits cooking on a holiday for the following Shabbat. Includes when it's needed, how to make it, and the blessing. ### Blessings - [When to Say Which Blessing: Quick Reference Guide to Brachot](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/when-to-say-which-blessing): A comprehensive quick reference guide for Jewish blessings (brachot). Learn which blessing to say before and after different foods, for daily activities, and on special occasions. - [Birkat Hamazon: Complete Guide to Grace After Meals](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/birkat-hamazon-guide): Learn how to recite Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals), including when it's required, the four blessings, zimun, and the full text with explanations. - [Guide to Daily Brachot: Jewish Blessings for Every Occasion](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/daily-brachot-guide): Learn the essential daily Jewish blessings (brachot) for food, nature, mitzvot, and special occasions. Includes which blessing to say and when. - [Tefilat HaDerech: The Traveler's Prayer for Safe Journey](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tefilathaderech-guide): Learn about Tefilat HaDerech, the Jewish traveler's prayer. Understand when to recite it, the full text, and how this ancient prayer provides protection and peace of mind during travel. ### Life Events - [Understanding Kaddish: The Mourner's Prayer Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kaddish-guide): A comprehensive guide to Kaddish - the Jewish mourner's prayer. Learn about the different types of Kaddish, when to recite it, the meaning behind the words, and the laws of mourning. - [Mi Sheberach: The Jewish Prayer for Healing](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/misheberach-guide): Learn about Mi Sheberach, the Jewish prayer for healing recited during Torah services. Understand when it's said, how to add names, and its deep spiritual meaning. - [Sheva Brachot: The Seven Wedding Blessings Explained](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/shevabrachot-guide): Learn about Sheva Brachot, the seven wedding blessings recited under the chuppah and during the week of celebration. Understand each blessing's meaning and the customs. - [Mezuzah: Affixing the Sacred Scroll to Your Doorpost](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/mezuzah-guide): Complete guide to the mezuzah mitzvah. Learn which doorways require a mezuzah, how to affix it properly, the blessing, and the spiritual significance of this commandment. - [Tevillat Kelim: Immersing Dishes and Utensils in a Mikveh](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tevillatkelim-guide): Learn about Tevillat Kelim, the mitzvah of immersing new dishes and utensils. Includes which items require immersion, the blessing, and proper technique. ### Learning & Practice - [How to Put On Tefillin: A Complete Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tefillin-guide): Learn how to properly put on tefillin (phylacteries), including the order, blessings, wrapping technique, and when tefillin are worn. - [How to Wear a Tallit: Complete Prayer Shawl Guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tallit-guide): Learn how to properly wear a tallit (prayer shawl), including the blessing, wrapping customs, tzitzit requirements, and when the tallit is worn. - [Guide to Tehillim (Psalms): When and How to Recite](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tehillim-guide): Learn about the Book of Psalms (Tehillim), including which psalms to say for different occasions, the monthly cycle, and the spiritual power of Tehillim. - [Rosh Chodesh Musaf: The Additional Prayer for the New Month](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/roshchodeshmusaf-guide): Learn about the Musaf prayer for Rosh Chodesh (the new month). Understand its structure, unique additions, and the significance of the new month in Jewish life. - [Kiddush Levanah: Blessing the New Moon](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddushlevanah-guide): Learn about Kiddush Levanah, the monthly blessing over the moon. Includes when to recite it, the prayers, customs, and the beautiful symbolism of this unique mitzvah. - [Blessings for the Haftarah: Before and After the Prophetic Reading](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/birchothahaftarah-guide): Learn the blessings recited before and after the Haftarah, the prophetic reading that follows the Torah portion. Understand who recites them and their meaning. - [Prayer for the State of Israel: Meaning and Significance](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/stateofisrael-guide): Learn about the Prayer for the State of Israel recited in synagogues. Understand its history, text, and the significance of praying for the modern Jewish homeland. - [Tikkun Chatzot: The Midnight Lamentation](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tikkunchatzot-guide): Learn about Tikkun Chatzot, the mystical midnight prayer mourning the destruction of the Temple. Understand its origins, structure, and spiritual significance. - [Understanding the Siddur: Your Guide to the Jewish Prayer Book](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/siddur-guide): A comprehensive introduction to the Siddur, the Jewish prayer book. Learn its history, structure, different versions, and how to navigate this essential text. - [All Prayer Guides](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides): Browse all 38 guides ## Jewish Holidays ### Major Holidays - [Rosh Hashanah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashanah): Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, is a time of spiritual renewal and reflection. It marks the beginning of the High Holy Days and the start of the Ten Days of Repentance leading to Yom Kippur. The holiday celebrates the creation of the world and is a time for introspection, prayer, and connecting with God. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashanah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashanah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashanah/2028) - [Yom Kippur](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-kippur): Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. It is a 25-hour period of fasting, prayer, and repentance, concluding the Ten Days of Repentance that began on Rosh Hashanah. Jews seek forgiveness from God and from those they have wronged. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-kippur/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-kippur/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-kippur/2028) - [Sukkot](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sukkot): Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles, is a seven-day harvest festival commemorating the Israelites' 40-year journey in the desert when they lived in temporary shelters. Jews build and dwell in a sukkah (temporary hut) and wave the Four Species (lulav, etrog, hadassim, and aravot). Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sukkot/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sukkot/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sukkot/2028) - [Chanukah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chanukah): Chanukah, the Festival of Lights, celebrates the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem after the Maccabean victory over the Seleucid Empire. The eight-day festival commemorates the miracle of the oil that burned for eight days when there was only enough for one. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chanukah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chanukah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chanukah/2028) - [Purim](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim): Purim commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman's plot to destroy them, as recorded in the Book of Esther. The joyous holiday is celebrated with reading the Megillah, giving gifts, charity to the poor, and a festive meal. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim/2028) - [Passover](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/passover): Passover (Pesach) commemorates the Exodus of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery. It is one of the three pilgrimage festivals and is celebrated with the Seder meal, the telling of the Exodus story, and the eating of matzah (unleavened bread) for seven or eight days. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/passover/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/passover/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/passover/2028) - [Shavuot](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shavuot): Shavuot, the Feast of Weeks, commemorates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. It falls exactly 49 days (seven weeks) after Passover, marking the culmination of the Omer counting period. The holiday celebrates both the wheat harvest and the spiritual harvest of receiving God's teachings. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shavuot/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shavuot/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shavuot/2028) - [Tisha B'Av](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tisha-bav): Tisha B'Av (the 9th of Av) is the saddest day in the Jewish calendar, marking the destruction of both the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. It is a 25-hour fast day observed with mourning, prayer, and the reading of the Book of Lamentations (Eicha). Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tisha-bav/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tisha-bav/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tisha-bav/2028) - [Shmini Atzeret](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shmini-atzeret): Shmini Atzeret (the Eighth Day of Assembly) immediately follows the seven days of Sukkot. It is a separate holiday in its own right, featuring the prayer for rain (Tefilat Geshem) and the Yizkor memorial service. In Israel, it is combined with Simchat Torah. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shmini-atzeret/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shmini-atzeret/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shmini-atzeret/2028) - [Simchat Torah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/simchat-torah): Simchat Torah (Rejoicing with the Torah) celebrates the completion and restart of the annual Torah reading cycle. It is marked by joyous dancing with Torah scrolls (hakafot) and the reading of the final and first portions of the Torah. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/simchat-torah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/simchat-torah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/simchat-torah/2028) ### Minor Holidays - [Tu BiShvat](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bishvat): Tu BiShvat (the 15th of Shevat) is the New Year for Trees. It marks the beginning of a new agricultural cycle for tithing fruit in ancient Israel. Today it is celebrated by eating fruits, especially those associated with the Land of Israel, and planting trees. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bishvat/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bishvat/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bishvat/2028) - [Lag BaOmer](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/lag-baomer): Lag BaOmer (the 33rd day of the Omer count) marks the end of a plague that struck Rabbi Akiva's students and the yahrzeit of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. It is celebrated with bonfires, music, haircuts, and weddings after the semi-mourning period of the Omer. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/lag-baomer/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/lag-baomer/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/lag-baomer/2028) - [Tu B'Av](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bav): Tu B'Av (the 15th of Av) is one of the most joyous days in the Jewish calendar. In ancient times, young women would dance in the vineyards and young men would choose brides. It is considered a day of love and matchmaking. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bav/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bav/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tu-bav/2028) - [Shushan Purim](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim): Shushan Purim is observed on the 15th of Adar, the day after Purim. It is the day Purim is celebrated in cities that were walled at the time of Joshua, most notably Jerusalem. The name comes from the city of Shushan (Susa) where the Jews rested on the 15th. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim/2028) - [Pesach Sheni](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/pesach-sheni): Pesach Sheni (Second Passover) was a make-up date for those who were unable to bring the Paschal lamb on the 14th of Nisan. Today it is marked by eating matzah and not reciting Tachanun. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/pesach-sheni/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/pesach-sheni/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/pesach-sheni/2028) - [Leil Selichot](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/leil-selichot): Leil Selichot marks the beginning of the Selichot (penitential prayers) season before Rosh Hashanah. Ashkenazi communities begin on the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah (at least four days prior), while Sephardi communities begin on the 1st of Elul. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/leil-selichot/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/leil-selichot/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/leil-selichot/2028) - [Chag HaBanot](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chag-habanot): Chag HaBanot (Festival of the Daughters) is a North African Jewish women's holiday celebrated on the New Moon of Tevet during Chanukah. It honors the bravery of Judith (Yehudit) and celebrates the role of women in Jewish history. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chag-habanot/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chag-habanot/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/chag-habanot/2028) - [Purim Meshulash](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-meshulash): Purim Meshulash (Triple Purim) occurs when Shushan Purim (15 Adar) falls on Shabbat in walled cities like Jerusalem. The observances are spread over three days: Megillah reading on Thursday (14 Adar), the special Torah reading and Al HaNissim on Shabbat, and the Purim seudah and mishloach manot on Sunday. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-meshulash/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-meshulash/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-meshulash/2028) - [Days of the Omer](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/days-of-the-omer): The Days of the Omer (Sefirat HaOmer) is a 49-day counting period between Passover and Shavuot. Each night after nightfall, Jews count the Omer with a blessing, connecting the physical freedom of the Exodus to the spiritual freedom of receiving the Torah. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/days-of-the-omer/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/days-of-the-omer/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/days-of-the-omer/2028) - [Rosh Hashana LaBehemot](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashana-labehemot): Rosh Hashana LaBehemot (New Year for Animals) is observed on the 1st of Elul. In Temple times, it served as the cutoff date for tithing animals born that year. Animals born before this date were tithed separately from those born after. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashana-labehemot/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashana-labehemot/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-hashana-labehemot/2028) - [Purim Katan](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-katan): Purim Katan (Minor Purim) is observed on the 14th of Adar I in a Jewish leap year. Since Purim is celebrated in Adar II, the original Purim date in Adar I is marked as Purim Katan. Tachanun is not recited, and festivity is mildly encouraged. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-katan/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-katan/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/purim-katan/2028) - [Shushan Purim Katan](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim-katan): Shushan Purim Katan is observed on the 15th of Adar I in a Jewish leap year. It corresponds to Shushan Purim in Adar II, just as Purim Katan corresponds to regular Purim. Tachanun is not recited. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim-katan/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim-katan/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shushan-purim-katan/2028) ### Minor Fasts - [Fast of Esther](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-esther): The Fast of Esther (Ta'anit Esther) commemorates the three-day fast that Queen Esther and the Jewish people observed before she approached King Achashverosh to plead for her people's lives. It is observed on the 13th of Adar, the day before Purim. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-esther/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-esther/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-esther/2028) - [Fast of Gedaliah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-gedaliah): The Fast of Gedaliah (Tzom Gedaliah) mourns the assassination of Gedaliah ben Ahikam, the Jewish governor of Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar after the destruction of the First Temple. His murder ended the last remnant of Jewish autonomy in the land. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-gedaliah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-gedaliah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-gedaliah/2028) - [Seventeenth of Tammuz](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/seventeenth-of-tammuz): The Seventeenth of Tammuz (Shiva Asar B'Tammuz) marks the breach of Jerusalem's walls by the Romans in 70 CE, leading to the destruction of the Second Temple. It begins the Three Weeks mourning period leading to Tisha B'Av. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/seventeenth-of-tammuz/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/seventeenth-of-tammuz/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/seventeenth-of-tammuz/2028) - [Tenth of Tevet](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tenth-of-tevet): The Tenth of Tevet (Asara B'Tevet) commemorates the beginning of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar in 588 BCE, which ultimately led to the destruction of the First Temple. In Israel, it also serves as a general Kaddish day for Holocaust victims. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tenth-of-tevet/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tenth-of-tevet/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/tenth-of-tevet/2028) - [Fast of the Firstborn](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-firstborn): The Fast of the Firstborn (Ta'anit Bechorot) is observed on the day before Passover by firstborn males (or their fathers for minors). It commemorates the miracle of the firstborn Israelites being spared during the tenth plague in Egypt. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-firstborn/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-firstborn/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/fast-of-firstborn/2028) ### Modern Holidays - [Yom HaShoah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hashoah): Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) commemorates the six million Jews murdered during the Holocaust. In Israel, a siren sounds nationwide as people stand in silence. Ceremonies include survivor testimonies, memorial candle lighting, and readings. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hashoah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hashoah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hashoah/2028) - [Yom HaZikaron](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hazikaron): Yom HaZikaron (Israel's Memorial Day) honors the fallen soldiers of Israel's wars and victims of terrorism. A nationwide siren sounds as Israelis stand at attention. The somber day transitions directly into Yom HaAtzma'ut at nightfall. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hazikaron/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hazikaron/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-hazikaron/2028) - [Yom HaAtzma'ut](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haatzmaut): Yom HaAtzma'ut (Israel Independence Day) celebrates the establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyar 5708). It is marked by festive prayers, public celebrations, barbecues, and ceremonies. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haatzmaut/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haatzmaut/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haatzmaut/2028) - [Yom Yerushalayim](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-yerushalayim): Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day) commemorates the reunification of Jerusalem during the Six-Day War in 1967, when Israel gained access to the Western Wall and the Old City for the first time since 1948. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-yerushalayim/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-yerushalayim/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-yerushalayim/2028) - [Yom HaAliyah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah): Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) celebrates Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel. Established as a national holiday by the Knesset in 2016, it commemorates the entry of the Israelites into the Promised Land under Joshua's leadership. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah/2028) - [Yom HaAliyah School Observance](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah-school): Yom HaAliyah School Observance is the school-based celebration of Aliyah Day, observed on the 7th of Cheshvan. Israeli schools mark this day with special programs about immigration to Israel and the historical journey of the Jewish people to their homeland. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah-school/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah-school/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yom-haaliyah-school/2028) - [Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yitzhak-rabin-memorial-day): Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Day commemorates the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995 (12 Cheshvan 5756). State memorial ceremonies are held, and schools hold educational programs about democracy and tolerance. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yitzhak-rabin-memorial-day/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yitzhak-rabin-memorial-day/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/yitzhak-rabin-memorial-day/2028) - [Ben-Gurion Day](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/ben-gurion-day): Ben-Gurion Day honors David Ben-Gurion, Israel's founding prime minister who declared the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The day is observed on the 6th of Kislev, near the anniversary of his passing. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/ben-gurion-day/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/ben-gurion-day/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/ben-gurion-day/2028) - [Hebrew Language Day](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/hebrew-language-day): Hebrew Language Day celebrates the revival of the Hebrew language as a spoken tongue. It is observed on the 21st of Tevet, the birthday of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, the father of modern Hebrew who championed its revival as an everyday language. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/hebrew-language-day/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/hebrew-language-day/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/hebrew-language-day/2028) - [Family Day](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/family-day): Family Day (Yom HaMishpacha) is observed in Israel on the 30th of Shevat, coinciding with the anniversary of Henrietta Szold's passing. It celebrates the importance of family in Jewish life and Israeli society. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/family-day/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/family-day/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/family-day/2028) - [Herzl Day](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/herzl-day): Herzl Day commemorates the vision of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. It is observed on the 10th of Iyar, the anniversary of his death. Herzl's vision of a Jewish state was realized with the establishment of Israel in 1948. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/herzl-day/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/herzl-day/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/herzl-day/2028) - [Jabotinsky Day](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/jabotinsky-day): Jabotinsky Day commemorates Ze'ev Jabotinsky, a Zionist leader, author, and founder of Revisionist Zionism and the Jewish Legion. It is observed on the 29th of Tammuz, the anniversary of his death. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/jabotinsky-day/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/jabotinsky-day/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/jabotinsky-day/2028) - [Sigd](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sigd): Sigd is an Ethiopian Jewish (Beta Israel) holiday observed 50 days after Yom Kippur, on the 29th of Cheshvan. It celebrates the acceptance of the Torah and the yearning for Zion. In 2008, it was recognized as an official Israeli national holiday. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sigd/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sigd/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/sigd/2028) ### Special Shabbatot - [Shabbat Shekalim](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shekalim): Shabbat Shekalim is the first of four special Shabbatot before Passover. A special maftir is read about the half-shekel tax collected for the Temple service. It falls on or before Rosh Chodesh Adar. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shekalim/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shekalim/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shekalim/2028) - [Shabbat Zachor](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-zachor): Shabbat Zachor (Shabbat of Remembrance) is the Shabbat immediately before Purim. A special maftir is read commanding the remembrance of Amalek's attack on the Israelites, connecting to Haman (a descendant of Amalek) and the Purim story. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-zachor/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-zachor/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-zachor/2028) - [Shabbat Parah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-parah): Shabbat Parah is the third of the four special Shabbatot. The maftir reading describes the Red Heifer (Parah Adumah) purification ritual, reminding people to purify themselves before Passover. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-parah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-parah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-parah/2028) - [Shabbat HaChodesh](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hachodesh): Shabbat HaChodesh is the last of the four special Shabbatot. The maftir reading describes the commandment to establish Nisan as the first month and the laws of the Passover offering. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hachodesh/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hachodesh/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hachodesh/2028) - [Shabbat HaGadol](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hagadol): Shabbat HaGadol (the Great Shabbat) is the Shabbat immediately before Passover. It is customary for the rabbi to give a special sermon on the laws and themes of Passover. The haftarah reading from Malachi mentions the 'great day.' Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hagadol/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hagadol/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-hagadol/2028) - [Shabbat Shuva](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shuva): Shabbat Shuva (Shabbat of Return) falls during the Ten Days of Repentance between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. It is named after the haftarah reading that begins 'Shuva Yisrael' (Return, O Israel). Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shuva/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shuva/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shuva/2028) - [Shabbat Shirah](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shirah): Shabbat Shirah (Shabbat of Song) is the Shabbat when Parashat Beshalach is read, which includes the Song of the Sea (Shirat HaYam) sung by the Israelites after crossing the Red Sea. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shirah/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shirah/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-shirah/2028) - [Shabbat Nachamu](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-nachamu): Shabbat Nachamu (Shabbat of Consolation) is the first of seven Shabbatot of consolation after Tisha B'Av. It is named after the haftarah from Isaiah that begins 'Nachamu, nachamu ami' (Comfort, comfort My people). Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-nachamu/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-nachamu/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-nachamu/2028) - [Shabbat Chazon](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-chazon): Shabbat Chazon (Shabbat of Vision) is the Shabbat immediately before Tisha B'Av. It is named after the haftarah from Isaiah chapter 1 that begins 'Chazon Yeshayahu' (The vision of Isaiah), which rebukes Israel's sins. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-chazon/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-chazon/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/shabbat-chazon/2028) ### Rosh Chodesh - [Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-cheshvan): Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan marks the beginning of the month of Cheshvan (also called Marcheshvan). It can be one or two days depending on the length of the preceding month. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-cheshvan/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-cheshvan/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-cheshvan/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Kislev](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-kislev): Rosh Chodesh Kislev marks the beginning of the month in which Chanukah falls. It can be one or two days. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-kislev/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-kislev/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-kislev/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Tevet](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tevet): Rosh Chodesh Tevet uniquely falls during Chanukah, making it a day with both Rosh Chodesh and Chanukah observances. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tevet/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tevet/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tevet/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Shevat](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-shevat): Rosh Chodesh Shevat marks the beginning of the month containing Tu BiShvat, the New Year for Trees. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-shevat/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-shevat/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-shevat/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Adar](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-adar): Rosh Chodesh Adar marks the beginning of the month of Adar, the happiest month in the Jewish calendar. In a leap year, there are two months of Adar. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-adar/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-adar/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-adar/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Nisan](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-nisan): Rosh Chodesh Nisan marks the beginning of the month of redemption, in which Passover falls. Nisan is considered the first month of the Jewish year for counting months. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-nisan/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-nisan/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-nisan/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Iyar](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-iyar): Rosh Chodesh Iyar marks the beginning of the month of Iyar, which falls during the Omer counting period between Passover and Shavuot. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-iyar/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-iyar/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-iyar/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Sivan](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-sivan): Rosh Chodesh Sivan marks the beginning of the month in which Shavuot falls and the Torah was given at Mount Sinai. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-sivan/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-sivan/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-sivan/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Tammuz](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tammuz): Rosh Chodesh Tammuz marks the beginning of the month containing the Fast of the 17th of Tammuz, which begins the Three Weeks mourning period. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tammuz/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tammuz/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-tammuz/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Av](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-av): Rosh Chodesh Av marks the beginning of the month containing Tisha B'Av. The Nine Days of intensified mourning begin on the 1st of Av. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-av/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-av/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-av/2028) - [Rosh Chodesh Elul](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-elul): Rosh Chodesh Elul marks the beginning of the month of preparation before Rosh Hashanah. The shofar is blown daily throughout Elul, and Sephardi communities begin reciting Selichot. Dates by year: [2026](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-elul/2026) | [2027](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-elul/2027) | [2028](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/rosh-chodesh-elul/2028) - [All Jewish Holidays](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays): Dates, customs, related prayers, and FAQs for every holiday ## Torah (Five Books of Moses) The Torah (תורה) is the most sacred text in Judaism — 5 books, 187 chapters, 5,845 verses, and 304,805 letters. Am Hazak provides the complete Hebrew text with vowels (nikud). - [Torah Index](https://www.amhazak.com/torah): All 5 books with chapter navigation - [Bereishit (Genesis)](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/bereishit): 50 chapters — Creation, the Patriarchs, Joseph in Egypt - [Shemot (Exodus)](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/shemot): 40 chapters — Slavery, Exodus, Sinai, Tabernacle - [Vayikra (Leviticus)](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/vayikra): 27 chapters — Offerings, purity, holiness - [Bamidbar (Numbers)](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/bamidbar): 36 chapters — Wilderness journey, census, laws - [Devarim (Deuteronomy)](https://www.amhazak.com/torah/devarim): 34 chapters — Moses's farewell, Shema, laws ## Prophets (Nevi'im) The Prophets (נביאים) are the second section of the Tanach — 21 books, 380 chapters, 9,296 verses. Selections are read as the Haftarah every Shabbat. - [Prophets Index](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets): All 21 books with chapter navigation - [Yehoshua (Joshua)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yehoshua): 24 chapters — Conquest and settlement of the Land of Israel - [Shoftim (Judges)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/shoftim): 21 chapters — Era of the Judges - [Shmuel Alef (I Samuel)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/shmuel-alef): 31 chapters — Samuel, Saul, and David - [Shmuel Bet (II Samuel)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/shmuel-bet): 24 chapters — Reign of King David - [Melachim Alef (I Kings)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/melachim-alef): 22 chapters — Solomon, the Temple, kingdom divided - [Melachim Bet (II Kings)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/melachim-bet): 25 chapters — Fall of the two kingdoms - [Yeshayahu (Isaiah)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yeshayahu): 66 chapters — Judgment, consolation, messianic prophecy - [Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yirmiyahu): 52 chapters — Warnings before the destruction - [Yechezkel (Ezekiel)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yechezkel): 48 chapters — Visions from Babylonian exile - [Hoshea (Hosea)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/hoshea): 14 chapters — God's enduring love for Israel - [Yoel (Joel)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yoel): 4 chapters — Call to repentance - [Amos](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/amos): 9 chapters — Social justice - [Ovadyah (Obadiah)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/ovadyah): 1 chapter — Judgment against Edom - [Yonah (Jonah)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/yonah): 4 chapters — The reluctant prophet - [Micha (Micah)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/micha): 7 chapters — Justice and hope - [Nachum (Nahum)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/nachum): 3 chapters — Fall of Nineveh - [Chavakuk (Habakkuk)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/chavakuk): 3 chapters — Dialogue with God - [Tzfanyah (Zephaniah)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/tzfanyah): 3 chapters — Day of the Lord - [Chaggai (Haggai)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/chaggai): 2 chapters — Rebuilding the Temple - [Zecharyah (Zechariah)](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/zecharyah): 14 chapters — Messianic visions - [Malachi](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/malachi): 3 chapters — Final prophetic book ## Writings (Ketuvim) The Writings (כתובים) are the third section of the Tanach — 13 books, 362 chapters, 8,064 verses. Includes Psalms, the Five Megillot, and wisdom literature. - [Writings Index](https://www.amhazak.com/writings): All 13 books with chapter navigation - [Tehillim (Psalms)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/tehillim): 150 chapters — Praise, prayer, and poetry attributed to King David - [Mishlei (Proverbs)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/mishlei): 31 chapters — Wisdom literature of King Solomon - [Iyov (Job)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/iyov): 42 chapters — A righteous man tested by suffering - [Shir HaShirim (Song of Songs)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/shir-hashirim): 8 chapters — Allegorical love poem - [Ruth](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/ruth): 4 chapters — Loyalty and ancestry of King David - [Eicha (Lamentations)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/eicha): 5 chapters — Lamentation over the destruction of Jerusalem - [Kohelet (Ecclesiastes)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/kohelet): 12 chapters — Philosophical reflections on life - [Esther](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/esther): 10 chapters — Queen Esther and the salvation of the Jews - [Daniel](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/daniel): 12 chapters — Faith in exile and apocalyptic visions - [Ezra](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/ezra): 10 chapters — Return from exile and rebuilding the Temple - [Nechemia (Nehemiah)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/nechemia): 13 chapters — Rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem - [Divrei HaYamim Alef (I Chronicles)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/divrei-hayamim-alef): 29 chapters — History from Adam through King David - [Divrei HaYamim Bet (II Chronicles)](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/divrei-hayamim-bet): 36 chapters — Solomon through the Babylonian exile ## Weekly Torah Portions (54 Parshiot) The Torah is divided into 54 weekly portions (parshiot) read in synagogues worldwide throughout the year. The cycle begins and ends on Simchat Torah. ### Genesis - [Bereishit](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bereishit) (Genesis 1:1-6:8): The creation of the world in six days, Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, the first sin, Cain and Abel, and the generations leading to Noah. - [Noach](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/noach) (Genesis 6:9-11:32): Noah builds the ark, the great flood destroys the world, the rainbow covenant, the Tower of Babel, and the lineage to Abraham. - [Lech Lecha](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/lech-lecha) (Genesis 12:1-17:27): God calls Abraham to leave his homeland, his journey to Canaan, the covenant between the pieces, Hagar and Ishmael, and the covenant of circumcision. - [Vayera](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayera) (Genesis 18:1-22:24): Three angels visit Abraham, the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the birth of Isaac, and the binding of Isaac (Akeidat Yitzchak). - [Chayei Sarah](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/chayei-sarah) (Genesis 23:1-25:18): Sarah's death and burial in the Cave of Machpelah, finding a wife for Isaac, Rebecca's journey, and Abraham's death. - [Toldot](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/toldot) (Genesis 25:19-28:9): The birth of Jacob and Esau, Esau sells his birthright, Isaac's blessings, and Jacob flees to Haran. - [Vayetze](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayetze) (Genesis 28:10-32:3): Jacob's dream of the ladder, his years working for Laban, marriage to Leah and Rachel, the birth of the tribes, and return to Canaan. - [Vayishlach](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayishlach) (Genesis 32:4-36:43): Jacob wrestles with the angel and becomes Israel, reconciliation with Esau, the incident at Shechem, Rachel's death, and Esau's descendants. - [Vayeshev](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayeshev) (Genesis 37:1-40:23): Joseph's dreams, his brothers sell him into slavery, Judah and Tamar, Joseph in Potiphar's house, and Joseph interprets dreams in prison. - [Miketz](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/miketz) (Genesis 41:1-44:17): Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams, becomes viceroy of Egypt, the famine brings his brothers to Egypt, and Benjamin is framed. - [Vayigash](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayigash) (Genesis 44:18-47:27): Judah pleads for Benjamin, Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, Jacob's family moves to Egypt, and they settle in Goshen. - [Vayechi](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayechi) (Genesis 47:28-50:26): Jacob blesses his sons and grandsons, Jacob's death and burial in Canaan, and Joseph's death in Egypt. ### Exodus - [Shemot](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shemot) (Exodus 1:1-6:1): The Israelites enslaved in Egypt, Moses's birth and early life, the burning bush, and Moses returns to Egypt to confront Pharaoh. - [Va'era](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vaera) (Exodus 6:2-9:35): God's promise of redemption, the first seven plagues: blood, frogs, lice, wild beasts, pestilence, boils, and hail. - [Bo](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bo) (Exodus 10:1-13:16): The final three plagues: locusts, darkness, and death of the firstborn. The first Passover and the Exodus from Egypt. - [Beshalach](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/beshalach) (Exodus 13:17-17:16): The splitting of the Red Sea, the Song of the Sea, manna from heaven, water from the rock, and the battle with Amalek. - [Yitro](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/yitro) (Exodus 18:1-20:23): Jethro visits Moses, the revelation at Mount Sinai, and the giving of the Ten Commandments. - [Mishpatim](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/mishpatim) (Exodus 21:1-24:18): Civil and criminal laws, laws of justice and compassion, and the covenant ceremony at Sinai. - [Terumah](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/terumah) (Exodus 25:1-27:19): Instructions for building the Tabernacle, the Ark of the Covenant, the Table, the Menorah, and the altar. - [Tetzaveh](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/tetzaveh) (Exodus 27:20-30:10): The priestly garments, the consecration of Aaron and his sons, and the incense altar. - [Ki Tisa](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/ki-tisa) (Exodus 30:11-34:35): The census, the golden calf, Moses breaks the tablets, God's thirteen attributes of mercy, and the second tablets. - [Vayakhel](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayakhel) (Exodus 35:1-38:20): Moses assembles the people, Shabbat laws, and the construction of the Tabernacle begins. - [Pekudei](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/pekudei) (Exodus 38:21-40:38): An accounting of the Tabernacle materials, completion of the priestly garments, and God's glory fills the Tabernacle. ### Leviticus - [Vayikra](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayikra) (Leviticus 1:1-5:26): Laws of the various offerings: burnt offerings, meal offerings, peace offerings, sin offerings, and guilt offerings. - [Tzav](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/tzav) (Leviticus 6:1-8:36): Further laws of offerings, the eternal flame, and the seven-day consecration of Aaron and his sons. - [Shemini](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shemini) (Leviticus 9:1-11:47): The eighth day of consecration, the death of Nadab and Abihu, and the laws of kosher animals. - [Tazria](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/tazria) (Leviticus 12:1-13:59): Laws of ritual purity after childbirth and the laws of tzaraat (skin afflictions). - [Metzora](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/metzora) (Leviticus 14:1-15:33): Purification process for tzaraat, tzaraat of houses, and laws of bodily discharges. - [Acharei Mot](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/acharei-mot) (Leviticus 16:1-18:30): The Yom Kippur service, the scapegoat ritual, prohibition of consuming blood, and forbidden relationships. - [Kedoshim](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/kedoshim) (Leviticus 19:1-20:27): "Be holy" - ethical and ritual laws including love your neighbor, respect for parents, and honest business practices. - [Emor](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/emor) (Leviticus 21:1-24:23): Laws for priests, the Jewish holidays calendar, the menorah and showbread, and the blasphemer's punishment. - [Behar](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/behar) (Leviticus 25:1-26:2): The sabbatical year (Shemitah), the Jubilee year, laws of land ownership, and treatment of servants. - [Bechukotai](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bechukotai) (Leviticus 26:3-27:34): Blessings for obedience, curses for disobedience (the Tochachah), and laws of vows and valuations. ### Numbers - [Bamidbar](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/bamidbar) (Numbers 1:1-4:20): Census of the Israelites, arrangement of the camp around the Tabernacle, and the duties of the Levites. - [Naso](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/naso) (Numbers 4:21-7:89): Levite duties, the sotah ritual, the Nazirite vow, the Priestly Blessing, and the tribal leaders' offerings. - [Beha'alotecha](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/behaalotecha) (Numbers 8:1-12:16): The menorah, Pesach Sheni, the cloud and fire, complaints in the wilderness, and Miriam's leprosy. - [Shelach](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shelach) (Numbers 13:1-15:41): The twelve spies, the people's lack of faith, the 40-year decree, laws of offerings, and the tzitzit commandment. - [Korach](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/korach) (Numbers 16:1-18:32): Korach's rebellion, the earth swallows the rebels, Aaron's staff blossoms, and gifts to the priests and Levites. - [Chukat](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/chukat) (Numbers 19:1-22:1): The red heifer, Miriam's death, Moses strikes the rock, Aaron's death, the bronze serpent, and victories in battle. - [Balak](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/balak) (Numbers 22:2-25:9): Balak hires Bilaam to curse Israel, the talking donkey, Bilaam's blessings, and the sin at Baal Peor. - [Pinchas](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/pinchas) (Numbers 25:10-30:1): Pinchas's reward, the second census, the daughters of Zelophehad, Joshua as successor, and the holiday offerings. - [Matot](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/matot) (Numbers 30:2-32:42): Laws of vows, the war against Midian, division of spoils, and the tribes of Reuben and Gad settle east of the Jordan. - [Masei](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/masei) (Numbers 33:1-36:13): The 42 journeys in the wilderness, borders of the Land of Israel, cities of refuge, and inheritance laws. ### Deuteronomy - [Devarim](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/devarim) (Deuteronomy 1:1-3:22): Moses begins his final address, recounting the journey from Sinai, the spies, and the conquests east of the Jordan. - [Va'etchanan](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vaetchanan) (Deuteronomy 3:23-7:11): Moses pleads to enter the Land, the Ten Commandments repeated, the Shema, and warnings against idolatry. - [Eikev](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/eikev) (Deuteronomy 7:12-11:25): Blessings for obedience, warnings against pride, the second tablets, and the land's dependence on rain. - [Re'eh](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/reeh) (Deuteronomy 11:26-16:17): Blessing and curse, the chosen place, kosher laws, tithes, the sabbatical year, and the three pilgrimage festivals. - [Shoftim](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/shoftim) (Deuteronomy 16:18-21:9): Judges and officers, the king, priests, prophets, cities of refuge, and laws of warfare. - [Ki Teitzei](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/ki-teitzei) (Deuteronomy 21:10-25:19): 74 commandments covering family law, social justice, honest business, and remembering Amalek. - [Ki Tavo](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/ki-tavo) (Deuteronomy 26:1-29:8): First fruits declaration, the tochachah (blessings and curses), and the covenant renewal. - [Nitzavim](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/nitzavim) (Deuteronomy 29:9-30:20): The covenant includes all generations, the choice between life and death, and the accessibility of Torah. - [Vayelech](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vayelech) (Deuteronomy 31:1-31:30): Moses's final day, Joshua commissioned as leader, the commandment of Hakhel, and the Torah given to the Levites. - [Ha'azinu](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/haazinu) (Deuteronomy 32:1-32:52): Moses's song recounting God's faithfulness and Israel's history, and Moses is told to ascend Mount Nebo. - [Vezot Haberachah](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha/vezot-haberachah) (Deuteronomy 33:1-34:12): Moses blesses each tribe, Moses's death on Mount Nebo, and the conclusion of the Torah. - [All Torah Portions](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha): Browse all 54 parshiot with summaries and Torah text links ## Shabbat Times & Zmanim - [Shabbat Times](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times): Candle lighting and Havdalah times for every city worldwide, with dedicated pages for 3,155 world cities and 41,488 US ZIP codes. Shabbat candles are lit 18 minutes before sunset on Friday evening. - [Zmanim](https://www.amhazak.com/zmanim): Halachic times for daily prayers — sunrise (Netz), latest Shema, midday (Chatzot), earliest Mincha (Mincha Gedolah), sunset (Shkiah), and nightfall (Tzet HaKochavim) — for every city worldwide. - [New York Shabbat Times](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5128581): Candle lighting times for New York City - [Los Angeles Shabbat Times](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/5368361): Candle lighting times for Los Angeles - [Jerusalem Shabbat Times](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/281184): Candle lighting times for Jerusalem - [Tel Aviv Shabbat Times](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/293397): Candle lighting times for Tel Aviv - [London Shabbat Times](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times/c/2643743): Candle lighting times for London ## Jewish Calendar & Tools - [Jewish Calendar](https://www.amhazak.com/jewish-calendar): Interactive Hebrew-Gregorian calendar showing holidays, Torah portions, and daily events - [Hebrew Date Converter](https://www.amhazak.com/tools/hebrew-date-converter): Convert between Hebrew and Gregorian dates - [Jewish Holidays](https://www.amhazak.com/holidays): Complete guide to all Jewish holidays with dates, customs, and prayers ## Frequently Asked Questions **What is Shacharit?** Shacharit is the Jewish morning prayer service, recited daily from dawn until the end of the fourth halachic hour. It is the longest of the three daily prayer services and includes Morning Blessings, Pesukei D'Zimra (Verses of Praise), the Shema, and the Amidah (Standing Prayer). [Full Shacharit guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/how-to-pray-shacharit) **What are the three daily Jewish prayers?** The three daily Jewish prayer services are Shacharit (morning), Mincha (afternoon), and Maariv (evening). Shacharit is attributed to Abraham, Mincha to Isaac, and Maariv to Jacob. On Shabbat, holidays, and Rosh Chodesh, an additional Musaf service is added. **What is the Shema?** The Shema (שמע ישראל) is the central declaration of Jewish faith: "Hear, O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One." It consists of three biblical passages (Deuteronomy 6:4-9, Deuteronomy 11:13-21, and Numbers 15:37-41) and is recited twice daily during Shacharit and Maariv. [Understanding the Shema](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/understanding-shema) **What is Kiddush?** Kiddush is the sanctification blessing recited over wine or grape juice to consecrate Shabbat and Jewish holidays. Friday night Kiddush includes the blessing over wine and the sanctification of Shabbat. A shorter daytime Kiddush is recited on Shabbat morning before the meal. [Kiddush guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kiddush-guide) **What is Havdalah?** Havdalah is the ceremony marking the end of Shabbat, performed after three stars appear on Saturday night. It uses wine, a braided candle, and fragrant spices, with four blessings separating the sacred Shabbat from the ordinary weekday. [Havdalah guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/havdalah-guide) **What is Birkat HaMazon?** Birkat HaMazon (Grace After Meals) is the blessing recited after eating a meal that includes bread. It consists of four main blessings thanking God for food, the Land of Israel, Jerusalem, and God's goodness. It is one of the few blessings mandated directly by the Torah. [Birkat HaMazon guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/birkat-hamazon-guide) **What is Kaddish?** Kaddish is a prayer sanctifying God's name, recited in Aramaic. The Mourner's Kaddish is said by those who have lost a close relative — for 11 months after a parent's death, and on the yahrzeit (anniversary of death) each year. It requires a minyan (quorum of 10). [Kaddish guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/kaddish-guide) **What is a siddur?** A siddur (סידור) is the Jewish prayer book containing the ordered text of daily, Shabbat, and holiday prayers. The word comes from the Hebrew root meaning "order." Am Hazak provides a complete digital siddur with all prayers in Hebrew with vowels. [Siddur guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/siddur-guide) **What is Hallel?** Hallel consists of Psalms 113-118, recited on Jewish festivals (Sukkot, Chanukah, Shavuot, Passover), Rosh Chodesh (new month), and Israel Independence Day. Full Hallel includes all six psalms; Half Hallel omits portions of Psalms 115 and 116. [Hallel guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/hallel-guide) **What is the Torah?** The Torah (תורה) is the most sacred text in Judaism, also known as the Five Books of Moses or the Pentateuch. It contains 5 books (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), 187 chapters, 5,845 verses, and 304,805 letters. It is read publicly in synagogues on Mondays, Thursdays, Shabbat, and holidays. [Read the Torah](https://www.amhazak.com/torah) **What is the Tanach?** The Tanach (תנ״ך) is the Hebrew Bible, an acronym for its three sections: Torah (Teaching, 5 books), Nevi'im (Prophets, 21 books), and Ketuvim (Writings, 13 books) — 39 books total with 929 chapters and 23,205 verses. Am Hazak provides the complete text in Hebrew with vowels. [Torah](https://www.amhazak.com/torah) · [Prophets](https://www.amhazak.com/prophets) · [Writings](https://www.amhazak.com/writings) **What are zmanim?** Zmanim (זמנים, "times") are the halachic (Jewish legal) times that govern daily prayer and observance. Key zmanim include Alot HaShachar (dawn), Netz (sunrise), latest time for Shema, Chatzot (midday), Mincha Gedolah (earliest Mincha), Shkiah (sunset), and Tzet HaKochavim (nightfall/three stars). [Zmanim times](https://www.amhazak.com/zmanim) **When does Shabbat start and end?** Shabbat begins at sunset on Friday evening — candles are traditionally lit 18 minutes before sunset. Shabbat ends on Saturday night when three medium-sized stars are visible (typically 42-72 minutes after sunset depending on location and community custom). [Shabbat times](https://www.amhazak.com/shabbat-times) **What is the weekly Torah portion (parsha)?** Each week, Jewish communities worldwide read the same Torah portion (parsha or parashah). There are 54 portions that cover the entire Torah in one year, beginning with Bereishit (Genesis 1) and ending with Vezot Haberachah (Deuteronomy 34). The cycle restarts on Simchat Torah. [This week's parsha](https://www.amhazak.com/parsha) **How do Jews pray?** Jewish prayer (tefillah) follows a structured order found in the siddur. The three daily services are Shacharit (morning), Mincha (afternoon), and Maariv (evening). Central elements include the Shema (declaration of faith), the Amidah (standing prayer of 19 blessings), and various psalms and blessings. Prayer can be individual or communal, with communal prayer requiring a minyan of 10. [Prayer guides](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides) **What is Tefillin?** Tefillin are two small black leather boxes containing Torah passages (Exodus 13:1-10, 13:11-16, Deuteronomy 6:4-9, 11:13-21), worn during weekday morning prayers. One is placed on the upper arm facing the heart, the other on the forehead. They are not worn on Shabbat or major holidays. [Tefillin guide](https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/tefillin-guide) **What is Tehillim (Psalms)?** Tehillim (תהילים, Psalms) is a collection of 150 religious poems and prayers, traditionally attributed to King David. Psalms are recited in Jewish liturgy daily, on Shabbat, and for special occasions. Popular chapters include Psalm 23 ("The Lord is My Shepherd"), Psalm 91 (protection), and Psalm 121 ("I lift my eyes to the mountains"). [Read Tehillim](https://www.amhazak.com/writings/tehillim) · [Tehillim prayers](https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/tehillim) ## Multilingual Support The site is fully available in 14 languages: - English (default): https://www.amhazak.com - Hebrew (עברית, RTL): https://www.amhazak.com/he/ - Spanish (Español): https://www.amhazak.com/es/ - French (Français): https://www.amhazak.com/fr/ - Russian (Русский): https://www.amhazak.com/ru/ - Portuguese (Português): https://www.amhazak.com/pt/ - German (Deutsch): https://www.amhazak.com/de/ - Hungarian (Magyar): https://www.amhazak.com/hu/ - Italian (Italiano): https://www.amhazak.com/it/ - Polish (Polski): https://www.amhazak.com/pl/ - Ukrainian (Українська): https://www.amhazak.com/uk/ - Dutch (Nederlands): https://www.amhazak.com/nl/ - Finnish (Suomi): https://www.amhazak.com/fi/ - Turkish (Türkçe): https://www.amhazak.com/tr/ ## Android App Am Hazak is coming soon to Android. Users can join the waitlist to be notified when the Android version launches. - [Android Waitlist](https://www.amhazak.com/android): Sign up to be notified when Am Hazak launches on Android ## Embeddable Widgets Free embeddable widgets for synagogue and Jewish organization websites: - [Widgets](https://www.amhazak.com/widgets): Browse available widgets - [Shabbat Times Widget](https://www.amhazak.com/widgets/shabbat-times): Embed weekly Shabbat candle lighting and Havdalah times on your website. Supports auto-location, dark mode, and multiple languages. - [Zmanim Widget](https://www.amhazak.com/widgets/zmanim): Embed daily halachic prayer times (sunrise, sunset, Shema, Mincha, and more) on your website. Supports auto-location, dark mode, and multiple languages. ## For AI Agents and LLMs Am Hazak publishes structured endpoints that follow current agent-readiness conventions: - [/.well-known/api-catalog](https://www.amhazak.com/.well-known/api-catalog): RFC 9727 linkset of all public read-only APIs (zmanim, shabbat-times, city-search, location-lookup, browse-locations, widget variants). - [/.well-known/agent-skills/index.json](https://www.amhazak.com/.well-known/agent-skills/index.json): Machine-readable manifest of site capabilities (read zmanim, read shabbat times, read prayer text, read Tanach chapter, get holiday info, etc.). - [HTTP API reference](https://www.amhazak.com/docs/api): Human-readable markdown documentation of all API endpoints with query parameters, example requests, and response shapes. - **Markdown content negotiation**: Any content page returns markdown instead of HTML when requested with `Accept: text/markdown` — the client is 307-redirected to a canonical `.md` URL for that content. Agents can also request the `.md` URL directly. Supported paths: - Homepage: `https://www.amhazak.com/index.md` (plus `/{locale}/index.md` for 18 locales) - Prayer pages: `https://www.amhazak.com/prayers/{slug}.md` (includes Hebrew text with vowels for configured prayers) - Holiday pages: `https://www.amhazak.com/holidays/{slug}.md` (includes FAQs per locale) - Tanach chapters: `https://www.amhazak.com/torah/{book}/{chapter}.md`, `https://www.amhazak.com/prophets/{book}/{chapter}.md`, `https://www.amhazak.com/writings/{book}/{chapter}.md` - Prayer guides: `https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides/{slug}.md` - Index pages: `https://www.amhazak.com/prayers.md`, `https://www.amhazak.com/holidays.md`, `https://www.amhazak.com/parsha.md`, `https://www.amhazak.com/prayer-guides.md` ## Key Features - Complete collection of 55 Jewish prayers in Hebrew with vowels (nikud) - Full Tanach: Torah (5 books, 187 chapters, 5,845 verses) + Prophets (21 books, 380 chapters, 9,296 verses) + Writings (13 books, 362 chapters, 8,064 verses) = 39 books, 929 chapters, 23,205 verses - 38 comprehensive prayer guides covering daily prayers, Shabbat, holidays, blessings, lifecycle events, and Jewish practice - 54 weekly Torah portions with summaries and Torah text cross-links - 150 Psalms (Tehillim) in Hebrew with vowels - Jewish holiday dates, customs, and related prayers for 47 holidays across 6 categories - Shabbat candle lighting times and zmanim for every city worldwide - Interactive Jewish calendar with Hebrew-Gregorian date conversion - Free to use, no account required - Available in 14 languages (English, Hebrew, Spanish, French, Russian, Portuguese, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Finnish, Turkish) - 100,000+ users in 100+ countries, 5.0 App Store rating ## Data Sources & Citations Am Hazak uses the following authoritative sources: - **Hebrew Bible text**: Provided by [Sefaria](https://www.sefaria.org/), a free living library of Jewish texts. Torah, Prophets, and Writings texts are sourced from Sefaria's open API. - **Jewish calendar calculations**: Powered by [Hebcal](https://www.hebcal.com/), the most widely-used Jewish calendar engine. Used for holiday dates, Shabbat times, zmanim (halachic prayer times), and Hebrew date conversions. - **Zmanim calculations**: Based on the astronomical algorithms from the [KosherJava](https://kosherjava.com/) zmanim library, the standard reference implementation for halachic time calculations. - **Geolocation data**: City coordinates and timezone data from [GeoNames](https://www.geonames.org/), a geographical database covering all countries. - **App Store**: [Am Hazak on the App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6469804094) — Free, rated 5.0 ## Contact - Website: https://www.amhazak.com - Email: support@amhazak.com - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/am.hazak/ - TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@am.hazak - X (Twitter): https://x.com/am_hazak - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/amhazak