Tevillat Kelim: Immersing Dishes and Utensils in a Mikveh

Tevillat Kelim is the mitzvah of immersing new food vessels and utensils in a mikveh (ritual bath) before their first use. This requirement comes from the Torah (Numbers 31:22-23) when vessels captured in war needed purification. Today, it applies to metal and glass utensils purchased from a non-Jew. The immersion sanctifies the vessels, elevating them from mundane commercial objects to holy items used in a Jewish home.

Metal utensils (steel, aluminum, copper, silver, etc.) that contact food require immersion with a blessing. Glass utensils also require immersion with a blessing. Ceramic, porcelain, and earthenware have varying opinions - some immerse without a blessing. Plastic and wood do not require immersion. The item must be used for food that is eaten, not just preparation - though many immerse food preparation items as well.

Remove all labels, stickers, and adhesive that you don't want on the item. The entire utensil must be submerged at once in the mikveh waters. Hold the item loosely so water can reach all surfaces, or immerse and release briefly. The utensil should be completely clean. Say the blessing before immersing. One blessing covers all items being immersed at that time. After immersion, the utensil is ready for use.

For items requiring a blessing: 'Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech HaOlam, asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al tevilat keli' (for one item) or 'al tevilat kelim' (for multiple items). Say the blessing, then immerse. Items of uncertain obligation (like ceramic) are immersed without a blessing. If you forgot the blessing, the items are still valid for use - just try to remember next time.

Most communities have a mikveh for immersing utensils, often adjacent to or part of a regular mikveh. Some synagogues have kelim mikvehs. In coastal areas, the ocean can be used. Natural lakes and rivers may also qualify if they meet mikveh requirements. Many Jewish communities have dedicated kelim mikveh facilities that are available 24 hours. Ask your local rabbi or community center for locations.

Electric appliances with metal or glass parts that contact food (like some mixers or toaster ovens) pose challenges. Some can be immersed if waterproof; others cannot. Consult a rabbi for specific appliances. Items made in Israel by Jews do not require immersion. If you received a gift and don't know if it was immersed, it's best to immerse it. Disposable items used once don't require immersion.